Moves logging level back to the global setting

Signed-off-by: Dan Finneran <dan@thebsdbox.co.uk>

.github/workflows/anchore-syft.yml

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.ref_name }}
       - name: Anchore SBOM Action
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0.20.4
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0.24.0
         with:
           format: cyclonedx-json

.github/workflows/ci-pull-request.yaml

@@ -9,43 +9,63 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         mode: ["arp", "rt", "bgp"]
       fail-fast: true
-      max-parallel: 1
     steps:
+      - name: Get current date
+        id: date
+        run: echo "::set-output name=date::$(date +'%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M')"
       - name: Ensure fs wont cause issues
         run: sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - name: Build image locally
         run: make dockerx86Local
       - name: Run Manifest generation tests
         run: make manifest-test
-      - name: Run ARP mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
-        run: make e2e-tests129-arp
+      - name: Run ARP mode tests
+        run: DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests-arp
         if: matrix.mode== 'arp'
-      - name: Run RT mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
-        run: make e2e-tests129-rt
+      - name: Run RT mode tests
+        run: DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests-rt
         if: matrix.mode== 'rt'
       - name: Get GoBGP binaries
         run: make get-gobgp
         if: matrix.mode== 'bgp'
-      - name: Run BGP mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
-        run: sudo -E PATH=$PATH DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 make e2e-tests129-bgp
+      - name: Run BGP mode tests
+        run: sudo -E PATH=$PATH DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests-bgp
         if: matrix.mode== 'bgp'
+      - name: Change log directory permissions
+        run: sudo chmod -R 755 /tmp/kube-vip-test*
+        if: matrix.mode== 'bgp' && always()
+      - name: Save logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: e2e-test-logs-${{ matrix.mode }}-${{ steps.date.outputs.date }}
+          path: /tmp/kube-vip-test*
+        if: always()
   service-e2e-tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: E2E service tests
     steps:
+      - name: Get current date
+        id: date
+        run: echo "::set-output name=date::$(date +'%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M')"
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - name: Build image with iptables
         run: make dockerx86ActionIPTables
       - name: Run tests
-        run: DOCKERTAG=action make service-tests
+        run: DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 DOCKERTAG=action E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make service-tests
+      - name: Save logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: services-test-logs-${{ steps.date.outputs.date }}
+          path: /tmp/kube-vip-services*
+        if: always()

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Init
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
       - name: Install golangci-lint
-        run: curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(go env GOPATH)/bin v1.64.8
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
+        with:
+          version: v2.12
+          install-only: true
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - name: All checks
@@ -24,9 +27,9 @@ jobs:
     name: Unit tests
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - name: Run tests
@@ -36,9 +39,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - name: Run tests
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Image vulnerability scan
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Build image with iptables
         run: make dockerx86ActionIPTables
       - name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -38,16 +38,16 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
       
     - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
         go-version-file: go.mod
         
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4

.github/workflows/main.yaml

@@ -11,25 +11,25 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Login to Github Packages
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}   
       - name: Build standard version
         id: docker_build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
             ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip:${{ github.ref_name }}
       - name: Build iptables version
         id: docker_build_iptables
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: Dockerfile_iptables

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -11,31 +11,31 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Login to Github Packages
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Generate Metadata
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5.7.0
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6.1.0
         id: metadata
         with:
           labels: |
             org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://kube-vip.io/docs/
       - name: Build and push main branch
         id: docker_build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
             ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip:latest
       - name: Build iptables version and push main branch
         id: docker_build_iptables
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: Dockerfile_iptables

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,38 @@
-run:
-  timeout: 10m
-  
+version: "2"
 linters:
   enable:
-  - bodyclose
-  - gofmt
-  - goimports
-  - revive
-  - gosec
-  - misspell
-  - unconvert
-  - unparam
+    - bodyclose
+    - gosec
+    - misspell
+    - unconvert
+    - unparam
+  settings:
+    misspell:
+      ignore-rules:
+        - creater
+    staticcheck:
+      checks:
+        - all
+        # Disable QF1008 to retain embedded fields for better readability.
+        - "-QF1008"
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Fixed
+- Retry on 403 Forbidden and 401 Unauthorized in `ServicesWatcher` at startup with exponential backoff. Fixes #1464.
+- Reintroduce BGP config via node annotations. Fixes #1488.
+- Fail fast in runtime `manager` and `service` paths when legacy `vip_address` is used without `vip_subnet` in control-plane ARP, BGP, or Routing Table mode.
+- Cancel the mode context on init or configuration failure before waiting on goroutines during shutdown.
+
+
+### Added
+- Configurable control-plane health check for BGP mode without leader election
+  - Polls a configurable HTTP(S) endpoint (e.g. `https://localhost:6443/livez`) to verify the exposed service is healthy (usually the local kube-apiserver)
+  - Withdraws the BGP route after a configurable number of consecutive failures, removing the unhealthy node from the ECMP set
+  - Re-announces the route automatically once the endpoint recovers
+  - Gracefully withdraws the route on shutdown (SIGTERM)
+  - Supports custom CA certificates for TLS verification
+  - Configuration via environment variables or CLI flags:
+    - `control_plane_health_check_address` / `--controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress`: URL to poll
+    - `control_plane_health_check_period_seconds` / `--controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds`: interval between checks (default: 5)
+    - `control_plane_health_check_timeout_seconds` / `--controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds`: per-request timeout (default: 3)
+    - `control_plane_health_check_failure_threshold` / `--controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold`: consecutive failures before withdrawal (default: 3)
+    - `control_plane_health_check_ca_path` / `--controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath`: CA cert for HTTPS verification
+- SIGUSR1 signal handler for runtime configuration dumps (#1301)
+  - Send SIGUSR1 to kube-vip process to dump current configuration to stdout
+  - Configuration dump includes:
+    - Basic configuration (VIP, interface, port, namespace settings)
+    - BGP configuration (enabled status, AS number, router ID, peers)
+    - ARP/NDP configuration (enabled status, broadcast rate)
+    - Services configuration (enabled status, load balancer settings)
+    - Network interfaces status
+    - Leader election configuration (type, lease details)
+    - Runtime statistics (load balancer, Prometheus, health check settings)
+  - Output format: Human-readable plaintext via fmt.Printf()
+  - Thread-safe implementation using mutex protection
+  - Non-disruptive: Process continues running after configuration dump
+  - Added comprehensive unit tests for all dump methods
+  - Added E2E tests for signal handling
+- Opt-in support for endpointless `LoadBalancer` services with `externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster`
+  - Annotation: `kube-vip.io/allow-reconcile-without-endpoints: "true"`
+  - Starts service handling path for opted-in endpointless Cluster services while preserving default endpoint-gated behavior for non-opt-in services and `Local` policy
+  - Added endpoint behavior tests and README usage documentation
+
+### Changed
+- Updated signal handlers in manager_arp.go, manager_bgp.go, manager_wireguard.go, and manager_table.go to use switch statement pattern for handling multiple signals (SIGUSR1, SIGINT, SIGTERM)
+- wireguard.go now manages a complete wireguard interface on the current network namespace
+- manager_wireguard.go uses the new wireguard.go implementation
+
+## [v1.0.1] - Previous Release
+
+### Previous changes
+- See git history for changes prior to CHANGELOG.md introduction

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ and *merged* sorts of commits.
 To make it easier for reviewers to review your PR, consider the following:
 
 1. Follow the golang [coding conventions](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments).
-2. Format your code with `make golangci-fix`; if the [linters](ci/README.md) flag an issue that
-   cannot be fixed automatically, an error message will be displayed so you can address the issue.
+2. Format your code with `make simplify` to automatically fix formatting issues.
+2. Lint your code with `make check`; if the linters flag an issue that cannot be fixed automatically, an error message will be displayed so you can address the issue.
 3. Follow [git commit](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/) guidelines.
 4. Follow [logging](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-instrumentation/logging.md) guidelines.
 

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental
 
-FROM golang:1.24.5-alpine3.22 as dev
+FROM golang:1.26.4-alpine3.23 as dev
 RUN apk add --no-cache git ca-certificates make
 RUN adduser -D appuser
 COPY . /src/

Dockerfile_iptables

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental
 
-FROM golang:1.24.5-alpine3.22 as dev
+FROM golang:1.26.4-alpine3.23 as dev
 RUN apk add --no-cache git make
 RUN adduser -D appuser
 COPY . /src/
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,id=gomod,target=/go/pkg/mod/cache \
     --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,id=goroot,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
     CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux make build
 
-FROM alpine:3.22.1
+FROM alpine:3.23.4
 # Update pkgs and add iptables
 RUN apk upgrade && \
     apk add --no-cache iptables iptables-legacy

Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ TARGET := kube-vip
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := $(TARGET)
 
 # These will be provided to the target
-VERSION := v1.0.0
+VERSION := v1.2.0
 
 BUILD := `git rev-parse HEAD`
 
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ TARGETOS=linux
 # Use linker flags to provide version/build settings to the target
 LDFLAGS=-ldflags "-s -w -X=main.Version=$(VERSION) -X=main.Build=$(BUILD) -extldflags -static"
 DOCKERTAG ?= $(VERSION)
-REPOSITORY ?= plndr
+REPOSITORY ?= docker.io/plndr
+GO_VERSION := 1.25.6
+K8S_VERSION ?= v1.35.0
 
-.PHONY: all build clean install uninstall simplify check run e2e-tests
+.PHONY: all build clean install uninstall simplify check run e2e-tests unit-tests integration-tests unit-tests-docker integration-tests-docker
 
 all: check install
 
@@ -109,44 +111,45 @@ run: install
 manifests:
 	@make build
 	@mkdir -p ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-lb.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds-lb.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-ds.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-em-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-lb.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds-lb.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-em-ds.yaml
 	@-rm ./kube-vip
 
 manifest-test: 
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --controlplane --services 
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --controlplane --services
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
 
 unit-tests:
-	go test ./...
+	go test -race ./...
+
+unit-tests-docker:
+	docker run --rm -w /kube-vip -v $$(pwd):/kube-vip -v kube-vip-gomod-cache:/go/pkg/mod -v kube-vip-gobuild-cache:/root/.cache/go-build golang:$(GO_VERSION) make unit-tests
 
 integration-tests:
 	go test -tags=integration,e2e -v ./pkg/etcd
 
-e2e-tests:
-	GOMAXPROCS=4 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e ./testing/e2e/etcd
+e2e-tests-arp: get-whoami
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=arp K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:$(K8S_VERSION) E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
 
-e2e-tests129-arp:
-	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=arp V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+e2e-tests-rt: get-whoami
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=rt K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:$(K8S_VERSION) E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
 
-e2e-tests129-rt:
-	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=rt V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+e2e-tests-bgp: get-whoami get-gobgp
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=bgp K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:$(K8S_VERSION) E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
 
-e2e-tests129-bgp:
-	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=bgp V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
-
-e2e-tests129: e2e-tests129-arp e2e-tests129-rt e2e-tests129-bgp
+e2e-tests: e2e-tests-arp e2e-tests-rt e2e-tests-bgp
 
 service-tests:
+	$(MAKE) -C testing/e2e/e2e dockerLocal
 	E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run ./testing/services -Services -simple -deployments -leaderActive -leaderFailover -localDeploy -egress -egressIPv6 -dualStack
 
 trivy: dockerx86ActionIPTables
@@ -166,14 +169,16 @@ kind-quick:
 	kubectl create configmap --namespace kube-system kubevip --from-literal range-global=172.18.100.10-172.18.100.30
 	kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kube-vip/kube-vip-cloud-provider/main/manifest/kube-vip-cloud-controller.yaml
 	kind load docker-image --name kube-vip $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)
-	docker run --network host --rm $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --services --inCluster --arp --servicesElection --interface  eth0 | kubectl apply -f -
+	docker run --network host --rm $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --services --inCluster --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --servicesElection --interface  eth0 | kubectl apply -f -
 
 kind-reload:
-	kind load docker-image $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) --name kube-vip
+	kind load docker-image $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) --name services
 	kubectl rollout restart -n kube-system daemonset/kube-vip-ds
 
 get-gobgp:
 	mkdir -p bin
-	wget -nc --directory-prefix=bin https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/releases/download/v3.37.0/gobgp_3.37.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
-	tar -xvzf bin/gobgp_3.37.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C bin
+	wget -nc --directory-prefix=bin https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/releases/download/v4.6.0/gobgp_4.6.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+	tar -xvzf bin/gobgp_4.6.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C bin
 
+get-whoami:
+	docker pull ghcr.io/traefik/whoami:v1.11

README.md

@@ -58,14 +58,76 @@ All of these would require a separate level of configuration and in some infrast
 
 ## Troubleshooting and Feedback
 
+### SELinux and IPVS kernel modules
+
+When using IPVS load balancing on nodes with SELinux enforcing, kube-vip may be
+blocked from requesting kernel modules from inside the container. Symptoms can
+include the kube-vip pod entering `Error` or `CrashLoopBackOff`, logs that show
+`ensure IPVS kernel modules are loaded`, or audit denials for `module_request`
+from `container_t`.
+
+Load the required IPVS modules on every node that can run kube-vip before
+deploying it:
+
+```shell
+sudo modprobe ip_vs
+sudo modprobe ip_vs_rr
+```
+
+To persist this across reboots, add the modules to a file such as
+`/etc/modules-load.d/kube-vip-ipvs.conf`:
+
+```text
+ip_vs
+ip_vs_rr
+```
+
+Preloading only the required modules is preferred to enabling the SELinux
+`domain_kernel_load_modules` boolean for containers.
+
+### Gateway API `LoadBalancer` services with no endpoints
+
+Some Gateway API controllers create `LoadBalancer` services that intentionally have no Endpoints/EndpointSlices backends.
+
+If you want kube-vip to reconcile such a service, opt in with:
+
+```yaml
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    kube-vip.io/allow-reconcile-without-endpoints: "true"
+spec:
+  type: LoadBalancer
+  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
+```
+
+Scope:
+- Works only with `externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster`
+- No effect for `Local`
+- Default endpoint-gated behavior remains unchanged for services without this annotation
+
 Please raise issues on the GitHub repository and as mentioned check the documentation at [https://kube-vip.io](https://kube-vip.io/).
 
+## Community Tools
+
+- **[KubeStellar Console — Guided kube-vip Install](https://console.kubestellar.io/missions/install-kube-vip)** — A step-by-step guided installation experience for kube-vip with pre-flight checks, validation, troubleshooting, and rollback support.
+
 ## Contributing
 
 Thanks for taking the time to join our community and start contributing! We welcome pull requests. Feel free to dig through the [issues](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/issues) and jump in.
 
 :warning: This project has issue compiling on MacOS, please compile it on linux distribution
 
+Additionally it is now relatively easy and quick to develop with [skaffold](https://skaffold.dev/), and the `skaffold.yaml` exists within the root folder of the gir repository.
+
+### Set up a kind development environment
+
+1. `kind create cluster --config ./testing/kind.yaml`
+2. `kubectl apply -f https://kube-vip.io/manifests/rbac.yaml`
+3. Create a load balancer range `configMap` from the kind cluster
+4. Apply the CCM manifest
+5. Start skaffold with `skaffold dev`
+6. Start developing and see changes applied in real-time.
+
 ## Star History
 
 [![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=kube-vip/kube-vip&type=Date)](https://star-history.com/#kube-vip/kube-vip&Date)

cmd/kube-vip-kubeadm.go

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ var kubeKubeadmInit = &cobra.Command{
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// TODO - check for certain things VIP/interfaces
 		if initConfig.Interface == "" {
@@ -58,14 +62,18 @@ var kubeKubeadmInit = &cobra.Command{
 
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg, err := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("unable to create manifest", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -82,6 +90,10 @@ var kubeKubeadmJoin = &cobra.Command{
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// TODO - check for certain things VIP/interfaces
 		if initConfig.Interface == "" {
@@ -103,14 +115,18 @@ var kubeKubeadmJoin = &cobra.Command{
 
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg, err := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("unable to create manifest", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }

cmd/kube-vip-manifests.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ var taint, role, rolebinding bool
 
 func init() {
 	kubeManifest.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&inCluster, "inCluster", false, "Use the incluster token to authenticate to Kubernetes")
+	kubeManifest.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&image, "image", "ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip", "Define a hardcoded image with or without tag for the manifest")
 	kubeManifestDaemon.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&taint, "taint", false, "Taint the manifest for only running on control planes")
 	kubeManifestRbac.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&role, "role", false, "Generate only a Role inside the serviceNamespace access")
 	kubeManifestRbac.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rolebinding, "rolebinding", false, "Generate only a RoleBinding for namespaced access")
@@ -49,24 +50,32 @@ var kubeManifestPod = &cobra.Command{
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// The control plane has a requirement for a VIP being specified
 		if initConfig.EnableControlPlane && (initConfig.VIP == "" && initConfig.Address == "" && !initConfig.DDNS) {
 			_ = cmd.Help()
-			log.Error("No address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
+			log.Error("no address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
 			return
 		}
 
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("config parse", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg, err := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("unable to create manifest", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -83,23 +92,31 @@ var kubeManifestDaemon = &cobra.Command{
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		// The control plane has a requirement for a VIP being specified
 		if initConfig.EnableControlPlane && (initConfig.VIP == "" && initConfig.Address == "" && !initConfig.DDNS) {
 			_ = cmd.Help()
-			log.Error("No address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
+			log.Error("no address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
 			return
 		}
 
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("config parse", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
-		cfg := kubevip.GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster, taint)
+		cfg, err := kubevip.GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster, taint)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("unable to create manifest", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -116,17 +133,21 @@ var kubeManifestRbac = &cobra.Command{
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// The control plane has a requirement for a VIP being specified
 		if initConfig.EnableControlPlane && (initConfig.VIP == "" && initConfig.Address == "" && !initConfig.DDNS) {
 			_ = cmd.Help()
-			log.Error("No address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
+			log.Error("no address is specified for kube-vip to expose services on")
 			return
 		}
 
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return

cmd/kube-vip.go

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
@@ -19,9 +21,14 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/manager"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/metrics"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
 
+// Is an option to set the image
+var image string
+
 // Is kube-vip running within cluster
 var inCluster bool
 
@@ -62,6 +69,7 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableARP, "arp", false, "Enable Arp for VIP changes")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableWireguard, "wireguard", false, "Enable Wireguard for services VIPs")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableRoutingTable, "table", false, "Enable Routing Table for services VIPs")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss, "preserveVipOnLeadershipLoss", false, "Preserve ARP VIP addresses on interface when leadership is lost (default: false for backward compatibility)")
 
 	// LoadBalancer flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableLoadBalancer, "enableLoadBalancer", false, "enable loadbalancing on the VIP with IPVS")
@@ -74,9 +82,9 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableLeaderElection, "leaderElection", false, "Use the Kubernetes leader election mechanism for clustering")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LeaderElectionType, "leaderElectionType", "kubernetes", "Defines the backend to run the leader election: kubernetes or etcd. Defaults to kubernetes.")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LeaseName, "leaseName", "plndr-cp-lock", "Name of the lease that is used for leader election")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.LeaseDuration, "leaseDuration", 5, "Length of time (in seconds) a Kubernetes leader lease can be held for")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RenewDeadline, "leaseRenewDuration", 3, "Length of time (in seconds) a Kubernetes leader can attempt to renew its lease")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RetryPeriod, "leaseRetry", 1, "Length of time (in seconds) the LeaderElector clients should wait between tries of actions")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.LeaseDuration, "leaseDuration", 15, "Length of time (in seconds) a Kubernetes leader lease can be held for")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RenewDeadline, "leaseRenewDuration", 10, "Length of time (in seconds) a Kubernetes leader can attempt to renew its lease")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RetryPeriod, "leaseRetry", 2, "Length of time (in seconds) the LeaderElector clients should wait between tries of actions")
 
 	// BGP flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableBGP, "bgp", false, "This will enable BGP support within kube-vip")
@@ -97,6 +105,11 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.URL, "zebraUrl", "unix:/var/run/frr/zserv.api", "Path to the unix domain socket for connecting to Zebra daemon")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint32Var(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.Version, "zebraVersion", 6, "Zebra API Version")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.SoftwareName, "zebraSoftwareName", "frr8.3", "Software Name for Zebra")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address, "controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress", "", "URL to poll for the control-plane health check when using BGP without leader election")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.PeriodSeconds, "controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds", 5, "Seconds between control-plane health checks")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.TimeoutSeconds, "controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds", 3, "Timeout for each control-plane health check request")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold, "controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold", 3, "Consecutive control-plane health check failures before withdrawing the BGP route")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath, "controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath", "", "Path to CA certificate for TLS verification when the control-plane health check URL is HTTPS")
 
 	// Namespace for kube-vip
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&initConfig.Namespace, "namespace", "n", "kube-system", "The namespace for the configmap defined within the cluster")
@@ -120,13 +133,16 @@ func init() {
 
 	// Extended behaviour flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableServicesElection, "servicesElection", false, "Enable leader election per kubernetes service")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassOnly, "lbClassOnly", false, "Enable load balancing only for services with LoadBalancerClass \"kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class\"")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassName, "lbClassName", "kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class", "Name of load balancer class for kube-VIP, defaults to \"kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class\"")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassOnly, "lbClassOnly", false, fmt.Sprintf("Enable load balancing only for services with LoadBalancerClass %q", kubevip.LBClassName))
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassName, "lbClassName", kubevip.LBClassName, fmt.Sprintf("Name of load balancer class for kube-VIP, defaults to %q", kubevip.LBClassName))
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassLegacyHandling, "lbClassNameLegacyHandling", true, "Use legacy LoadBalancer class name handling (e.g. accepting services both with empty and non-empty class)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableServiceSecurity, "onlyAllowTrafficServicePorts", false, "Only allow traffic to service ports, others will be dropped, defaults to false")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableNodeLabeling, "enableNodeLabeling", false, "Enable leader node labeling with \"kube-vip.io/has-ip=<VIP address>\", defaults to false")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableNodeLabeling, "enableNodeLabeling", false, fmt.Sprintf("Enable leader node labeling with %q, defaults to false", kubevip.HasIP))
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ServicesLeaseName, "servicesLeaseName", "plndr-svcs-lock", "Name of the lease that is used for leader election for services (in arp mode)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.DNSMode, "dnsMode", "first", "Name of the mode that DNS lookup will be performed (first, ipv4, ipv6, dual)")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.DHCPMode, "dhcpMode", "", "Mode DHCP resolving will use to obtain IP addresses (ipv4, ipv6, dual)")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().UintVar(&initConfig.DHCPBackoffAttempts, "dhcpBackoffAttempts", kubevip.DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts,
+		fmt.Sprintf("number of times DHCP client will try to obtain an IP address (defaults to: %d, 0 for unlimited retries)", kubevip.DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts))
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.DisableServiceUpdates, "disableServiceUpdates", false, "If true, kube-vip will process services as usual, but will not update service's Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress slice")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableEndpoints, "enableEndpoints", false, "If enabled, kube-vip will only advertise services, but will use the (deprecated since v1.33) endpoints for IP addresses")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoInterfaceGlobalScope, "loInterfaceGlobalScope", false, "If true, kube-vip will set global scope when using the lo interface, otherwise a host scope will be used by default")
@@ -144,6 +160,9 @@ func init() {
 	// Kubernetes client specific flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.K8sConfigFile, "k8sConfigPath", "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf", "Path to the configuration file used with the Kubernetes client")
 
+	// Configuration file flag
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ConfigFile, "config-file", "", "Path to a JSON/YAML configuration file to load settings from")
+
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeKubeadm)
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeManifest)
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeVipManager)
@@ -186,12 +205,25 @@ var kubeVipService = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Start the Virtual IP / Load balancer as a service within a Kubernetes cluster",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { //nolint TODO
 
-		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded or flags
+		// Load configuration from file if specified (lowest priority)
+		if initConfig.ConfigFile != "" {
+			err := kubevip.MergeConfigFromFile(&initConfig, initConfig.ConfigFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("loading config file", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded from config file
 		err := kubevip.ParseEnvironment(&initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("parsing env", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// Change RTN_UNSPEC to default type
 		if initConfig.RoutingProtocol == unix.RTN_UNSPEC {
@@ -212,24 +244,36 @@ var kubeVipService = &cobra.Command{
 			configMap = envConfigMap
 		}
 
+		// Legacy vip_address requires vip_subnet for control-plane ARP, BGP, and Routing Table modes.
+		if initConfig.EnableControlPlane &&
+			(initConfig.EnableARP || initConfig.EnableBGP || initConfig.EnableRoutingTable) {
+			if err := initConfig.CheckSubnetExists(); err != nil {
+				log.Error("checking subnet exists if vip_address defined", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("generating CIDR", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+
 		// Define the new service manager
-		mgr, err := manager.New(configMap, &initConfig)
+		mgr, err := manager.New(ctx, configMap, &initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("new manager", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
 
 		// Start the service manager, this will watch the config Map and construct kube-vip services for it
-		err = mgr.Start()
+		err = mgr.Start(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("manager start", "err", err)
 			return
@@ -241,12 +285,25 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "manager",
 	Short: "Start the kube-vip manager",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { //nolint TODO
-		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded or flags
+		// Load configuration from file if specified (lowest priority)
+		if initConfig.ConfigFile != "" {
+			err := kubevip.MergeConfigFromFile(&initConfig, initConfig.ConfigFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("loading config file", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded from config file
 		err := kubevip.ParseEnvironment(&initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
+		if err := initConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			log.Error("validating configuration", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// Change RTN_UNSPEC to default type
 		if initConfig.RoutingProtocol == unix.RTN_UNSPEC {
@@ -256,9 +313,18 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 		// Set the logging level for all subsequent functions
 		log.SetLogLoggerLevel(log.Level(initConfig.Logging))
 
+		// Legacy vip_address requires vip_subnet for control-plane ARP, BGP, and Routing Table modes.
+		if initConfig.EnableControlPlane &&
+			(initConfig.EnableARP || initConfig.EnableBGP || initConfig.EnableRoutingTable) {
+			if err := initConfig.CheckSubnetExists(); err != nil {
+				log.Error("checking subnet exists if vip_address defined", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
 		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("No interface is specified for kube-vip to bind to")
 				return
@@ -268,10 +334,19 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 		// Welome messages
 		log.Info("kube-vip.io", "version", Release.Version, "build", Release.Build)
 
+		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		defer wg.Wait()
+
+		// create main manager context
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+
 		// start prometheus server
 		if initConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer != "" {
-			go servePrometheusHTTPServer(cmd.Context(), PrometheusHTTPServerConfig{
-				Addr: initConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer,
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				servePrometheusHTTPServer(ctx, PrometheusHTTPServerConfig{
+					Addr: initConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer,
+				})
 			})
 		}
 
@@ -355,13 +430,13 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 				initConfig.Interface = defaultIF.Name
 				log.Info("kube-vip bind", "interface", initConfig.Interface)
 
-				go func() {
-					if err := vip.MonitorDefaultInterface(context.TODO(), defaultIF); err != nil {
+				wg.Go(func() {
+					if err := vip.MonitorDefaultInterface(ctx, defaultIF); err != nil {
 
 						log.Error("interface monitor", "err", err)
 						return
 					}
-				}()
+				})
 			}
 		}
 		// Perform a check on the state of the interface
@@ -377,16 +452,17 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 		}
 
 		// Define the new service manager
-		mgr, err := manager.New(configMap, &initConfig)
+		mgr, err := manager.New(ctx, configMap, &initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("new manager", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
 
-		prometheus.MustRegister(mgr.PrometheusCollector()...)
+		metrics.RegisterPrometheusMetrics()
+		metrics.BuildInfo.WithLabelValues(Release.Version, Release.Build, initConfig.NodeName)
 
 		// Start the service manager, this will watch the config Map and construct kube-vip services for it
-		err = mgr.Start()
+		err = mgr.Start(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("start manager", "err", err)
 			return
@@ -420,19 +496,20 @@ func servePrometheusHTTPServer(ctx context.Context, config PrometheusHTTPServerC
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: 2 * time.Second,
 	}
 
-	go func() {
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+
+	wg.Go(func() {
 		if err = srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
 			log.Error("prometheus HTTP server", "err", err)
 			return
 		}
-	}()
+	})
 
 	log.Info("prometheus HTTP server started")
 
 	<-ctx.Done()
 
-	log.Info("prometheus HTTP server stopped")
-
+	// create prometheus shutdown context (independent of other contexts)
 	ctxShutDown, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer func() {
 		cancel()
@@ -446,28 +523,43 @@ func servePrometheusHTTPServer(ctx context.Context, config PrometheusHTTPServerC
 	if err == http.ErrServerClosed {
 		err = nil
 	}
+
+	log.Info("prometheus HTTP server stopped")
+
+	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func GenerateCidrRange(address string) (string, error) {
+func GenerateCidrRange(address string, dnsMode string) (string, error) {
 	var cidrs []string
 
 	addresses := strings.Split(address, ",")
 	for _, a := range addresses {
 		ip := net.ParseIP(a)
 		if ip == nil {
-			ips, err := net.LookupIP(a)
+			// we probably are a DNS name
+			ips, err := utils.LookupHost(a, dnsMode, true)
 			if len(ips) == 0 || err != nil {
 				return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: %s from [%s], %v", a, address, err)
 			}
-			ip = ips[0]
-		}
-
-		if ip.To4() != nil {
-			cidrs = append(cidrs, "32")
+			for _, addr := range ips {
+				ip = net.ParseIP(addr)
+				if ip.To4() != nil {
+					cidrs = append(cidrs, strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv4))
+				} else {
+					cidrs = append(cidrs, strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv6))
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
-			cidrs = append(cidrs, "128")
+			if ip.To4() != nil {
+				cidrs = append(cidrs, strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv4))
+			} else {
+				cidrs = append(cidrs, strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv6))
+			}
 		}
 	}
-
+	// compact as DNS could have a lot of addresses
+	slices.Sort(cidrs)
+	cidrs = slices.Compact(cidrs)
+	slices.Reverse(cidrs)
 	return strings.Join(cidrs, ","), nil
 }

demo/client/main.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func main() {
 	var errorOccurred bool
 	for {
 		p := make([]byte, 2048)
-		conn, err := net.Dial("udp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", *address, *port))
+		conn, err := net.Dial("udp", net.JoinHostPort(*address, fmt.Sprint(port)))
 		if err != nil {
 			if !errorOccurred {
 				errorTime = time.Now()

go.mod

@@ -1,50 +1,52 @@
 module github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.26.4
 
 require (
-	github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0
+	github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.12.0
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.3.3+incompatible
-	github.com/florianl/go-conntrack v0.4.0
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
+	github.com/florianl/go-conntrack v0.7.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
+	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.21.6
 	github.com/google/nftables v0.3.0
-	github.com/gookit/slog v0.5.8
+	github.com/gookit/slog v0.6.0
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.3.0
 	github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp v0.0.0-20241224095048-b56fa0d5f25d
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0
 	github.com/mdlayher/ndp v1.1.0
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4
-	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.37.0
-	github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3 v3.37.0
+	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.29.0
+	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.41.0
+	github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4 v4.6.0
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.1
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.6.1
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.6.1
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.11
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.6.11
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.6.11
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250103183323-7d7fa50e5329
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.15.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.73.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6
-	k8s.io/api v0.33.3
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.33.3
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.33.3
-	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1
-	sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.29.0
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.1
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
+	k8s.io/api v0.36.1
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.36.1
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.36.1
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.140.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.31.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0
 )
 
 require (
 	al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14 // indirect
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -54,112 +56,99 @@ require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/channels v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/evanphx/json-patch/v5 v5.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.9 // indirect
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250403155104-27863c87afa6 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20260402051712-545e8a4df936 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/color v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/goutil v0.6.18 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/gsr v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.1 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/color v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/goutil v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/gsr v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/k-sone/critbitgo v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
+	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/packet v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
-	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.3-0.20250322232337-35a7c28c31ee // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/orcaman/concurrent-map/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.22 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/segmentio/fasthash v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/viper v1.19.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/viper v1.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tj/go-spin v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/u-root/uio v0.0.0-20240224005618-d2acac8f3701 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	github.com/xlab/c-for-go v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xlab/pkgconfig v0.0.0-20170226114623-cea12a0fd245 // indirect
 	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.61.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.39.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.41.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.32.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.51.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.54.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.45.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250603155806-513f23925822 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250603155806-513f23925822 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12-0.20260120151049-f2248ac996af // indirect
+	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20250318190949-c8a335a9a2ff // indirect
-	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758 // indirect
-	modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4 // indirect
-	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/token v1.1.0 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241014173422-cfa47c3a1cc8 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20260317180543-43fb72c5454a // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20260210185600-b8788abfbbc2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20250730193827-2d320260d730 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.6.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.2 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -2,22 +2,20 @@ al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1 h1:86HrALUujYS/h+GtqoB26SBEdkWfmMI6FubjXlsXy
 al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1/go.mod h1:6sIqp7X2P6mThCQ7twERpZTuigpr6KbZWtls1U8I890=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.4.1/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14 h1:+hMXMk01us9KgxGb7ftKQt2Xpf5hH/yky+TDA+qxleU=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14/go.mod h1:qXqCSQ3Xa7+6tgxaGTIe4Kpcdsi+P8jBhyzoq1bpyYA=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 h1:W5quZX/G/csjUnuI8SUYlsHs9M38FC7znL0lIO+DvMg=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
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+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
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 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2 h1:rIfFVxEf1QsI7E1ZHfp/B4DF/6QBAUhmgkxc0H7Zss8=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
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 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.5.0/go.mod h1:4tRaxcgiL706VnOzHOdBlY8IEAIdxINsQBcU4xJJXRs=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.7.0/go.mod h1:/oI2+1shJiTGAMgl6/RgJr36Eo1jzrRcAWbcXO2usCA=
-github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0 h1:niLcbqfv8+RSYk+yI+jhiCIHobEdEhO++mcwCX0Znsw=
-github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0/go.mod h1:XsbuKcQpqb3rpjYPtsFsM8BNZlgLw+Z0iC6RhocqDd8=
+github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.12.0 h1:UeKRM4q82F+XQjw1sGRwsH3IOy6keBYUwlqTUqJhy7Y=
+github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:SvzXyDX2E33X/Cokbgts7rFXueiSqp6NlEMGDT7Bu24=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
@@ -37,35 +35,38 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da h1:aIftn67I1fkbMa5
 github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da/go.mod h1:SqUrOPUnsFjfmXRMNPybcSiG0BgUW2AuFH8PAnS2iTw=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 h1:rPYF9/LECdNymJufQKmri9gV604RvvABwgOA8un7yAo=
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.3.3+incompatible h1:Dypm25kh4rmk49v1eiVbsAtpAsYURjYkaKubwuBdxEI=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.3.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 h1:USnMq7hx7gwdVZq1L49hLXaFtUdTADjXGp+uj1Br63c=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0/go.mod h1:ov60Kzw0kKElRwhNs9UlUHAE/F9Fe6GLaXnqyDdmEXc=
+github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible h1:DBX0Y0zAjZbSrm1uzOkdr1onVghKaftjlSWt4AFexzM=
+github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
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-github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
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@@ -79,46 +80,46 @@ github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 h1:vsEVJDUo2hPJ2tu0/Xc+4noaxyEffXNIs3cOULZ+Gr
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+k8s.io/client-go v0.36.1/go.mod h1:s6rAnCtTGYDQnpNjEhSaISV+2O8jwruZ6m3QOYBFbtU=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.140.0 h1:Tf+J3AH7xnUzZyVVXhTgGhEKnFqye14aadWv7bzXdzc=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.140.0/go.mod h1:o+/RWfJ6PwpnFn7OyAG3QnO47BFsymfEfrz6XyYSSp0=
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 pgregory.net/rapid v1.1.0 h1:CMa0sjHSru3puNx+J0MIAuiiEV4N0qj8/cMWGBBCsjw=
 pgregory.net/rapid v1.1.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
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-sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.29.0 h1:3TpCsyh908IkXXpcSnsMjWdwdWjIl7o9IMZImZCWFnI=
-sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.29.0/go.mod h1:ldWQisw2NYyM6k64o/tkZng/1qQW7OlzcN5a8geJX3o=
-sigs.k8s.io/randfill v0.0.0-20250304075658-069ef1bbf016/go.mod h1:XeLlZ/jmk4i1HRopwe7/aU3H5n1zNUcX6TM94b3QxOY=
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 sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 h1:JfjMILfT8A6RbawdsK2JXGBR5AQVfd+9TbzrlneTyrU=
 sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XeLlZ/jmk4i1HRopwe7/aU3H5n1zNUcX6TM94b3QxOY=
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-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:Ejl7/uTz7PSA4eKMyQCUTnhZYNmLIl+5c2lQPGR2BPY=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.2 h1:kwVWMx5yS1CrnFWA/2QHyRVJ8jM6dBA80uLmm0wJkk8=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.2/go.mod h1:M3W8sfWvn2HhQDIbGWj3S099YozAsymCo/wrT5ohRUE=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 h1:G8fkbMSAFqgEFgh4b1wmtzDnioxFCUgTZhlbj5P9QYs=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:796bPqUfzR/0jLAl6XjHl3Ck7MiyVv8dbTdyT3/pMf4=

pkg/arp/arp.go

@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ package arp
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	log "log/slog"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
 
 type Manager struct {
-	instances map[string]*Instance
+	instances sync.Map
 	config    *kubevip.Config
 }
 
@@ -23,9 +25,12 @@ type Instance struct {
 }
 
 func NewManager(config *kubevip.Config) *Manager {
+	if config.ArpBroadcastRate < 500 {
+		log.Warn("[ARP manager] arp broadcast rate is too low", "rate (ms)", config.ArpBroadcastRate, "setting to (ms)", "3000")
+		config.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
+	}
 	return &Manager{
-		instances: make(map[string]*Instance),
-		config:    config,
+		config: config,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -42,10 +47,14 @@ func (i *Instance) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Insert(instance *Instance) {
-	i, ok := m.instances[instance.Name()]
-	if !ok {
-		log.Info("inserting ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
-		m.instances[instance.Name()] = instance
+	i, err := m.get(instance.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to insert instance", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if i == nil {
+		log.Info("[ARP manager] inserting ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
+		m.instances.Store(instance.Name(), instance)
 	} else {
 		i.mu.Lock()
 		defer i.mu.Unlock()
@@ -54,20 +63,49 @@ func (m *Manager) Insert(instance *Instance) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Remove(instance *Instance) {
-	if i, ok := m.instances[instance.Name()]; ok {
+	m.RemoveWithIPDelete(instance, true)
+}
+
+// RemoveOnLeadershipLoss removes an ARP instance when leadership is lost
+func (m *Manager) RemoveOnLeadershipLoss(instance *Instance) {
+	// Use the inverse of PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss to decide whether to delete the IP
+	// If preserve is true, don't delete IP (deleteIP = false)
+	// If preserve is false, delete IP (deleteIP = true), This is the legacy behavior
+	deleteIP := !m.config.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss
+	m.RemoveWithIPDelete(instance, deleteIP)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) RemoveWithIPDelete(instance *Instance, deleteIP bool) {
+	i, err := m.get(instance.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to remove the instance", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if i != nil {
 		i.mu.Lock()
 		defer i.mu.Unlock()
-		if i.counter > 1 {
-			i.counter--
-		} else {
-			log.Info("removing ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
-			delete(m.instances, instance.Name())
+		i.counter--
+		if i.counter == 0 {
+			log.Info("[ARP manager] removing ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
+			if deleteIP {
+				if _, err := instance.network.DeleteIP(); err != nil {
+					log.Error("failed to delete IP", "address", instance.network.IP(), "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+			m.instances.Delete(instance.Name())
 		}
+	} else {
+		log.Warn("[ARP manager] unable to remove the instance - instance not found", "name", instance.Name())
 	}
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Count(name string) int {
-	if i, ok := m.instances[name]; ok {
+	i, err := m.get(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to count instance", "err", err)
+		return -1
+	}
+	if i != nil {
 		i.mu.Lock()
 		defer i.mu.Unlock()
 		return i.counter
@@ -76,26 +114,47 @@ func (m *Manager) Count(name string) int {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) StartAdvertisement(ctx context.Context) {
-	log.Info("Starting ARP/NDP advertisement")
+	log.Info("[ARP manager] starting ARP/NDP advertisement")
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(m.config.ArpBroadcastRate) * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done(): // if cancel() execute
 			return
-		default:
-			for _, instance := range m.instances {
-				if instance.counter > 0 {
-					ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(instance)
+		case <-ticker.C: // send gratuitous ARP/NDP on each tick
+			m.instances.Range(func(_ any, instance any) bool {
+				if i, ok := instance.(*Instance); ok {
+					i.mu.Lock()
+					defer i.mu.Unlock()
+					if i.counter > 0 {
+						ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(i)
+					} else {
+						// this instance should not be advertised - delete the IP just in case...
+						if _, err := i.network.DeleteIP(); err != nil {
+							log.Error("[ARP manager] failed to delete IP", "address", i.network.IP(), "err", err)
+						}
+					}
 				}
-			}
+				return true
+			})
 		}
-		if m.config.ArpBroadcastRate < 500 {
-			log.Error("arp broadcast rate is too low", "rate (ms)", m.config.ArpBroadcastRate, "setting to (ms)", "3000")
-			m.config.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
-		}
-		time.Sleep(time.Duration(m.config.ArpBroadcastRate) * time.Millisecond)
 	}
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) get(name string) (*Instance, error) {
+	i, exists := m.instances.Load(name)
+	if !exists {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	inst, ok := i.(*Instance)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("value for name %q is not of Instance pointer type", name)
+	}
+	return inst, nil
+}
+
 // ensureIPAndSendGratuitous - adds IP to the interface if missing, and send
 // either a gratuitous ARP or gratuitous NDP. Re-adds the interface if it is IPv6
 // and in a dadfailed state.
@@ -111,23 +170,27 @@ func ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(instance *Instance) {
 			log.Warn(err.Error())
 		}
 		if deleted {
-			log.Info("deleted and recreating address", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
-			// if _, err := instance.network.AddIP(false); err != nil {
-			// 	log.Error("failed to recreate address", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
-			// }
+			log.Info("deleted and recreating address with NODAD flag to skip DAD", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
+			// Re-add immediately without DAD check since we're recovering from DADFAILED
+			// The AddIP function will set IFA_F_NODAD flag for IPv6 addresses when skipDAD=true
+			if _, err := instance.network.AddIP(false, true); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to recreate address after DADFAILED", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface, "err", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Info("successfully recreated address after DADFAILED recovery", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
+			}
 		}
+		// Return early after DADFAILED recovery to avoid double IP addition
+		return
 	}
 
-	// Ensure the address exists on the interface before attempting to ARP
-	// if instance.network.HasEndpoints() {
-	if added, err := instance.network.AddIP(true); err != nil {
+	// Normal case: add IP with precheck and normal DAD process
+	if added, err := instance.network.AddIP(true, false); err != nil {
 		log.Warn(err.Error())
 	} else if added {
 		log.Warn("Re-applied the VIP configuration", "ip", ipString, "interface", iface)
 	}
-	// }
 
-	if vip.IsIPv6(ipString) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(ipString) {
 		// Gratuitous NDP, will broadcast new MAC <-> IPv6 address
 		if instance.ndp == nil {
 			log.Error("NDP responder was not created")
@@ -145,5 +208,4 @@ func ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(instance *Instance) {
 			log.Warn(err.Error())
 		}
 	}
-
 }

pkg/backend/backend.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package backend
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 )
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (e *Entry) Check() bool {
 	// homeConfigPath := filepath.Join(os.Getenv("HOME"), ".kube", "config")
 
 	var k8sAddr string
-	if vip.IsIPv4(e.Addr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(e.Addr) {
 		k8sAddr = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%v", e.Addr, e.Port)
 	} else {
 		k8sAddr = fmt.Sprintf("[%s]:%v", e.Addr, e.Port)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (e *Entry) Check() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func Watch(tickAction func(), interval int, stop chan struct{}) {
+func Watch(ctx context.Context, interval int, tickAction func()) {
 	if interval <= 0 {
 		interval = 5
 	}
@@ -76,13 +76,10 @@ func Watch(tickAction func(), interval int, stop chan struct{}) {
 
 	for {
 		select {
-		case <-stop:
-			ticker.Stop()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			ticker.Stop()
 			tickAction()
-			ticker.Reset(time.Second * time.Duration(interval))
 		}
 	}
 }

pkg/bgp/hosts.go

@@ -3,46 +3,78 @@ package bgp
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
 	"net"
 
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/apiutil"
 )
 
 // AddHost will update peers of a host
-func (b *Server) AddHost(addr string) (err error) {
-	ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+func (b *Server) AddHost(ctx context.Context, addr string, object string) error {
+	b.mtx.Lock()
+	defer b.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	objects, exists := b.tracker[addr]
+
+	if !exists {
+		b.tracker[addr] = make(map[string]bool)
+		objects = b.tracker[addr]
+
+		ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		p := b.getPath(ip)
+		if p == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get path for %v", ip)
+		}
+
+		if _, err := b.s.AddPath(apiutil.AddPathRequest{
+			Paths: []*apiutil.Path{p},
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Debug("[BGP] added host", "addr", addr, "cnt", len(objects)+1)
 	}
 
-	p := b.getPath(ip)
-	if p == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get path for %v", ip)
-	}
+	objects[object] = true
 
-	_, err = b.s.AddPath(context.Background(), &api.AddPathRequest{
-		Path: p,
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return
+	return nil
 }
 
 // DelHost will inform peers to remove a host
-func (b *Server) DelHost(addr string) (err error) {
+func (b *Server) DelHost(ctx context.Context, addr string, object string) error {
+	b.mtx.Lock()
+	defer b.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	objects, exists := b.tracker[addr]
+	if !exists {
+		log.Debug("[BGP] deleting host - nothing to delete", "addr", addr)
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	p := b.getPath(ip)
-	if p == nil {
-		return
+
+	delete(objects, object)
+
+	if len(objects) == 0 {
+		p := b.getPath(ip)
+		if p == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if err := b.s.DeletePath(apiutil.DeletePathRequest{
+			Paths: []*apiutil.Path{p},
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		delete(b.tracker, addr)
+		log.Debug("[BGP] deleted host", "addr", addr, "cnt", len(objects))
 	}
 
-	return b.s.DeletePath(context.Background(), &api.DeletePathRequest{
-		Path: p,
-	})
+	return nil
 }

pkg/bgp/peers.go

@@ -3,24 +3,34 @@ package bgp
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	//nolint
+	"github.com/jpillora/backoff"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb"
+	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/api"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/apiutil"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/config/oc"
+	bgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/packet/bgp"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/server"
 )
 
+const defaultBGPPort uint32 = 179
+
 // AddPeer will add peers to the BGP configuration
-func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
+func (b *Server) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, peer kubevip.BGPPeer) (err error) {
 	p := &api.Peer{
 		Conf: &api.PeerConf{
-			NeighborAddress: peer.Address,
-			PeerAsn:         peer.AS,
-			AuthPassword:    peer.Password,
+			NeighborAddress:   peer.Address,
+			PeerAsn:           peer.AS,
+			NeighborInterface: peer.Interface,
+			AuthPassword:      peer.Password,
 		},
 
 		Timers: &api.Timers{
@@ -40,10 +50,31 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 		Transport: &api.Transport{
 			MtuDiscovery:  true,
 			RemoteAddress: peer.Address,
-			RemotePort:    uint32(179),
+			RemotePort:    defaultBGPPort,
 		},
 	}
 
+	if peer.BFDEnabled {
+		p.Bfd = &api.BfdPeerConfig{
+			Enabled:                  true,
+			DesiredMinimumTxInterval: peer.BFDTransmitInterval,
+			RequiredMinimumReceive:   peer.BFDReceiveInterval,
+			DetectionMultiplier:      peer.BFDDetectMultiplier,
+			Port:                     3784, // TODO: Should this be configurable??
+		}
+	}
+
+	if peer.Interface != "" {
+		neighborAddress, err := getIPv6LinkLocalNeighborAddress(ctx, peer.Interface)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get link-local address of interface %s: %w", peer.Interface, err)
+		}
+
+		p.State = &api.PeerState{
+			NeighborAddress: neighborAddress,
+		}
+	}
+
 	if b.c.MpbgpNexthop != "" {
 		p.AfiSafis = []*api.AfiSafi{
 			{
@@ -66,25 +97,25 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 			},
 		}
 
-		peer.setMpbgpOptions(b.c)
+		peer.SetMpbgpOptions(b.c)
 
-		ipv4Address, ipv6Address, err := peer.findMpbgpAddresses(p, b.c)
+		ipv4Address, ipv6Address, err := peer.FindMpbgpAddresses(p, b.c)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get MP-BGP addresses: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		mask := "128"
+		mask := strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv6)
 		address := ipv4Address
 		family := api.Family_AFI_IP
-		if vip.IsIPv4(p.Conf.NeighborAddress) {
-			mask = "32"
+		if utils.IsIPv4(p.Conf.NeighborAddress) {
+			mask = strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv4)
 			address = ipv6Address
 			family = api.Family_AFI_IP6
 		}
 
-		err = b.s.AddDefinedSet(context.Background(), &api.AddDefinedSetRequest{
+		err = b.s.AddDefinedSet(ctx, &api.AddDefinedSetRequest{
 			DefinedSet: &api.DefinedSet{
-				DefinedType: api.DefinedType_NEIGHBOR,
+				DefinedType: api.DefinedType_DEFINED_TYPE_NEIGHBOR,
 				Name:        fmt.Sprintf("peer-%s", p.Conf.NeighborAddress),
 				List:        []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", p.Conf.NeighborAddress, mask)},
 			},
@@ -94,7 +125,7 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 		}
 
 		if address != "" {
-			if err := insertPolicy(b.s, address, p, family); err != nil {
+			if err := insertPolicy(ctx, b.s, address, p, family); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to add policy: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -108,168 +139,65 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := b.s.AddPeer(context.Background(), &api.AddPeerRequest{Peer: p}); err != nil {
+	if err := b.s.AddPeer(ctx, &api.AddPeerRequest{Peer: p}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer: %v", err)
 	}
-
+	slog.Info("[BGP]", "peer", p.Conf.NeighborAddress, "AS", p.Conf.PeerAsn, "BFD", p.Bfd)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *Server) getPath(ip net.IP) (path *api.Path) {
+func (b *Server) getPath(ip net.IP) *apiutil.Path {
 	isV6 := ip.To4() == nil
 
-	//nolint
-	originAttr, _ := anypb.New(&api.OriginAttribute{
-		Origin: 0,
-	})
-
 	if !isV6 {
-		//nolint
-		nlri, _ := anypb.New(&api.IPAddressPrefix{
-			Prefix:    ip.String(),
-			PrefixLen: 32,
-		})
-
-		//nolint
-		nhAttr, _ := anypb.New(&api.NextHopAttribute{
-			NextHop: "0.0.0.0", // gobgp will fill this
-		})
-
-		path = &api.Path{
-			Family: &api.Family{
-				Afi:  api.Family_AFI_IP,
-				Safi: api.Family_SAFI_UNICAST,
-			},
-			Nlri:   nlri,
-			Pattrs: []*anypb.Any{originAttr, nhAttr},
-		}
-	} else {
-		//nolint
-		nlri, _ := anypb.New(&api.IPAddressPrefix{
-			Prefix:    ip.String(),
-			PrefixLen: 128,
-		})
-
-		v6Family := &api.Family{
-			Afi:  api.Family_AFI_IP6,
-			Safi: api.Family_SAFI_UNICAST,
-		}
-
-		//nolint
-		mpAttr, _ := anypb.New(&api.MpReachNLRIAttribute{
-			Family:   v6Family,
-			NextHops: []string{"::"}, // gobgp will fill this
-			Nlris:    []*anypb.Any{nlri},
-		})
-
-		path = &api.Path{
-			Family: v6Family,
-			Nlri:   nlri,
-			Pattrs: []*anypb.Any{originAttr, mpAttr},
-		}
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// ParseBGPPeerConfig - take a string and parses it into an array of peers
-func ParseBGPPeerConfig(config string) (bgpPeers []Peer, err error) {
-	peers := strings.Split(config, ",")
-	if len(peers) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no BGP Peer configurations found")
-	}
-
-	for x := range peers {
-		peerStr := peers[x]
-		config := strings.Split(peerStr, "/")
-		peerStr = config[0]
-		if peerStr == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		isV6Peer := peerStr[0] == '['
-
-		address := ""
-		if isV6Peer {
-			addressEndPos := strings.IndexByte(peerStr, ']')
-			if addressEndPos == -1 {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("no matching ] found for IPv6 BGP Peer")
-			}
-			address = peerStr[1:addressEndPos]
-			peerStr = peerStr[addressEndPos+1:]
-		}
-
-		peer := strings.Split(peerStr, ":")
-		if len(peer) < 2 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mandatory peering params <host>:<AS> incomplete")
-		}
-
-		if !isV6Peer {
-			address = peer[0]
-		}
-
-		ASNumber, err := strconv.ParseUint(peer[1], 10, 32)
+		prefix, err := bgp.NewIPAddrPrefix(netip.MustParsePrefix(
+			fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ip.String(), vip.DefaultMaskIPv4),
+		))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
+			return nil
 		}
 
-		password := ""
-		if len(peer) >= 3 {
-			password = peer[2]
+		nh, err := bgp.NewPathAttributeNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
 		}
 
-		multiHop := false
-		if len(peer) >= 4 {
-			multiHop, err = strconv.ParseBool(peer[3])
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP MultiHop format error (true/false) [%s]", peer[1])
-			}
+		return &apiutil.Path{
+			Family: bgp.RF_IPv4_UC,
+			Nlri:   prefix,
+			Attrs: []bgp.PathAttributeInterface{
+				bgp.NewPathAttributeOrigin(0),
+				nh,
+			},
 		}
-
-		var port uint64
-		if len(peer) >= 5 {
-			port, err = strconv.ParseUint(peer[4], 10, 16)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
-			}
-		} else {
-			port = 179
-		}
-
-		var mpbgpNexthop, mpbgpIPv4, mpbgpIPv6 string
-
-		if len(config) > 1 {
-			configData := strings.Split(config[1], ";")
-			for _, cfg := range configData {
-				c := strings.Split(cfg, "=")
-				switch c[0] {
-				case "mpbgp_nexthop":
-					mpbgpNexthop = c[1]
-				case "mpbgp_ipv4":
-					mpbgpIPv4 = c[1]
-				case "mpbgp_ipv6":
-					mpbgpIPv6 = c[1]
-				default:
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("peer configuration parameter '%s' is not supported", c[0])
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		peerConfig := Peer{
-			Address:      address,
-			AS:           uint32(ASNumber),
-			Port:         uint16(port),
-			Password:     password,
-			MultiHop:     multiHop,
-			MpbgpNexthop: mpbgpNexthop,
-			MpbgpIPv4:    mpbgpIPv4,
-			MpbgpIPv6:    mpbgpIPv6,
-		}
-
-		bgpPeers = append(bgpPeers, peerConfig)
 	}
-	return
-}
 
-func insertPolicy(s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.Family_Afi) error {
+	prefix, err := bgp.NewIPAddrPrefix(netip.MustParsePrefix(
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ip.String(), vip.DefaultMaskIPv6),
+	))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	mpReach, err := bgp.NewPathAttributeMpReachNLRI(
+		bgp.RF_IPv6_UC,
+		[]bgp.PathNLRI{{NLRI: prefix}},
+		netip.MustParseAddr("::"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &apiutil.Path{
+		Family: bgp.RF_IPv6_UC,
+		Nlri:   prefix,
+		Attrs: []bgp.PathAttributeInterface{
+			bgp.NewPathAttributeOrigin(0),
+			mpReach,
+		},
+	}
+}
+func insertPolicy(ctx context.Context, s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.Family_Afi) error {
 	familyType := "v4"
 	if family == api.Family_AFI_IP6 {
 		familyType = "v6"
@@ -290,12 +218,12 @@ func insertPolicy(s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.F
 						},
 					},
 					NeighborSet: &api.MatchSet{
-						Type: api.MatchSet_ANY,
+						Type: api.MatchSet_TYPE_ANY,
 						Name: setName,
 					},
 				},
 				Actions: &api.Actions{
-					RouteAction: api.RouteAction_ACCEPT,
+					RouteAction: api.RouteAction_ROUTE_ACTION_ACCEPT,
 					Nexthop: &api.NexthopAction{
 						Address: address,
 					},
@@ -304,28 +232,28 @@ func insertPolicy(s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.F
 			{
 				Conditions: &api.Conditions{
 					NeighborSet: &api.MatchSet{
-						Type: api.MatchSet_ANY,
+						Type: api.MatchSet_TYPE_ANY,
 						Name: setName,
 					},
 				},
 				Actions: &api.Actions{
-					RouteAction: api.RouteAction_ACCEPT,
+					RouteAction: api.RouteAction_ROUTE_ACTION_ACCEPT,
 				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	err := s.AddPolicy(context.Background(), &api.AddPolicyRequest{
+	err := s.AddPolicy(ctx, &api.AddPolicyRequest{
 		Policy: policy,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add policy: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = s.AddPolicyAssignment(context.Background(), &api.AddPolicyAssignmentRequest{
+	err = s.AddPolicyAssignment(ctx, &api.AddPolicyAssignmentRequest{
 		Assignment: &api.PolicyAssignment{
 			Name:      "global",
-			Direction: api.PolicyDirection_EXPORT,
+			Direction: api.PolicyDirection_POLICY_DIRECTION_EXPORT,
 			Policies: []*api.Policy{
 				{
 					Name: policy.Name,
@@ -339,3 +267,44 @@ func insertPolicy(s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.F
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func getIPv6LinkLocalNeighborAddress(ctx context.Context, peerInterface string) (string, error) {
+	neighCtx, neighCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
+	defer neighCancel()
+
+	bo := backoff.Backoff{
+		Factor: 2,
+		Jitter: true,
+		Min:    1 * time.Second,
+		Max:    5 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	maxAttempts := 20.0
+
+	var err error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-neighCtx.Done():
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get link-local address of interface %s: %w", peerInterface, err)
+			}
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get link-local address of interface %s: %w", peerInterface, neighCtx.Err())
+		default:
+			dur := bo.Duration()
+			neighborAddress, err := oc.GetIPv6LinkLocalNeighborAddress(peerInterface)
+			if err != nil && bo.Attempt() >= maxAttempts {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get link-local address of interface %s: %w", peerInterface, err)
+			}
+			if neighborAddress != "" {
+				return neighborAddress, nil
+			}
+			t := time.NewTimer(dur)
+			select {
+			case <-neighCtx.Done():
+				t.Stop()
+			case <-t.C:
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+}

pkg/bgp/peers_test.go

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package bgp
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	type args struct {
-		config string
-	}
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		args         args
-		wantBgpPeers []Peer
-		wantErr      bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "IPv4, default port",
-			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false,192.168.0.11:65000::false"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
-				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
-				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "IPv4, different port",
-			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false:180,192.168.0.11:65000::false:190"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
-				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 180, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
-				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 190, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "IPv6, multi-protocol",
-			args: args{config: "[fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52]:65501::false/mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
-				{Address: "fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52", Port: 179, AS: 65501, MultiHop: false, MpbgpNexthop: "auto_sourceif"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			gotBgpPeers, err := ParseBGPPeerConfig(tt.args.config)
-			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-				t.Errorf("ParseBGPPeerConfig() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
-				return
-			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotBgpPeers, tt.wantBgpPeers) {
-				t.Errorf("ParseBGPPeerConfig() = %v, want %v", gotBgpPeers, tt.wantBgpPeers)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

pkg/bgp/server.go

@@ -3,17 +3,28 @@ package bgp
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	gobgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/api"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/apiutil"
+	bgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/packet/bgp"
+	gobgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/server"
 )
 
+// Server manages a server object
+type Server struct {
+	s       *gobgp.BgpServer
+	c       *kubevip.BGPConfig
+	mtx     sync.Mutex
+	tracker map[string]map[string]bool
+}
+
 // NewBGPServer takes a configuration and returns a running BGP server instance
-func NewBGPServer(c *Config) (b *Server, err error) {
+func NewBGPServer(c kubevip.BGPConfig, logLevel log.Level) (b *Server, err error) {
 	if c.AS == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("you need to provide AS")
 	}
@@ -25,26 +36,23 @@ func NewBGPServer(c *Config) (b *Server, err error) {
 	if len(c.Peers) == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("you need to provide at least one peer")
 	}
+	bgpLogger := log.Default()
+	lvl := &log.LevelVar{}
+	lvl.Set(logLevel)
 
 	b = &Server{
-		s: gobgp.NewBgpServer(),
-		c: c,
-
-		BGPSessionInfoGauge: prometheus.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Namespace: "kube_vip",
-			Subsystem: "manager",
-			Name:      "bgp_session_info",
-			Help:      "Display state of session by setting metric for label value with current state to 1",
-		}, []string{"state", "peer"}),
+		s:       gobgp.NewBgpServer(gobgp.LoggerOption(bgpLogger, lvl)),
+		c:       &c,
+		tracker: make(map[string]map[string]bool),
 	}
 	return
 }
 
 // Start starts the BGP server
-func (b *Server) Start(peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent)) (err error) {
+func (b *Server) Start(ctx context.Context, peerStateChangeCallback func(*apiutil.WatchEventMessage_PeerEvent)) (err error) {
 	go b.s.Serve()
 
-	if err = b.s.StartBgp(context.Background(), &api.StartBgpRequest{
+	if err = b.s.StartBgp(ctx, &api.StartBgpRequest{
 		Global: &api.Global{
 			Asn:        b.c.AS,
 			RouterId:   b.c.RouterID,
@@ -54,25 +62,25 @@ func (b *Server) Start(peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventResponse_Peer
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err = b.s.WatchEvent(context.Background(), &api.WatchEventRequest{Peer: &api.WatchEventRequest_Peer{}}, func(r *api.WatchEventResponse) {
-		if p := r.GetPeer(); p != nil && p.Type == api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent_STATE {
-			log.Info("[BGP]", "peer", p.String())
+	if err = b.s.WatchEvent(ctx, gobgp.WatchEventMessageCallbacks{
+		OnPeerUpdate: func(p *apiutil.WatchEventMessage_PeerEvent, _ time.Time) {
+			log.Info("[BGP]", "peer", fmt.Sprintf("%+v", p))
 			if peerStateChangeCallback != nil {
 				peerStateChangeCallback(p)
 			}
-		}
-	}); err != nil {
+		},
+	}, gobgp.WatchPeer()); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	for _, p := range b.c.Peers {
-		if err = b.AddPeer(p); err != nil {
+		if err = b.AddPeer(ctx, p); err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
 	if b.c.Zebra.Enabled {
-		if err = b.s.EnableZebra(context.Background(), &api.EnableZebraRequest{
+		if err = b.s.EnableZebra(ctx, &api.EnableZebraRequest{
 			Url:          b.c.Zebra.URL,
 			Version:      b.c.Zebra.Version,
 			SoftwareName: b.c.Zebra.SoftwareName,
@@ -87,7 +95,51 @@ func (b *Server) Start(peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventResponse_Peer
 
 // Close will stop a running BGP Server
 func (b *Server) Close() error {
-	ctx, cf := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	defer cf()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
 	return b.s.StopBgp(ctx, &api.StopBgpRequest{})
 }
+
+// ListAdvertisedRoutes retrieves all active routes inside GoBGP's local RIB.
+// It queries the GLOBAL table type to find routes that kube-vip has requested GoBGP to advertise.
+func (b *Server) ListAdvertisedRoutes(ctx context.Context, isIPv6 bool) ([]*api.Destination, error) {
+	afi := bgp.AFI_IP
+
+	if isIPv6 {
+		afi = bgp.AFI_IP6
+	}
+
+	family := bgp.NewFamily(uint16(afi), bgp.SAFI_UNICAST)
+
+	var destinations []*api.Destination
+
+	req := apiutil.ListPathRequest{
+		TableType: api.TableType_TABLE_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+		Family:    family,
+	}
+
+	// GoBGP's embedded server API uses a callback function to stream results
+	// locally without requiring a gRPC client stream setup.
+	err := b.s.ListPath(req, func(prefix bgp.NLRI, paths []*apiutil.Path) {
+		var newPaths []*api.Path
+		for _, p := range paths {
+			np, err := apiutil.NewPath(p.Family, p.Nlri, p.Withdrawal, p.Attrs, time.Unix(p.Age, 0))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to create BGP path details", "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			newPaths = append(newPaths, np)
+		}
+		d := &api.Destination{
+			Prefix: prefix.String(),
+			Paths:  newPaths,
+		}
+		destinations = append(destinations, d)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to extract local RIB: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return destinations, nil
+}

pkg/bgp/types.go

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-package bgp
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	gobgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-)
-
-// Peer defines a BGP Peer
-type Peer struct {
-	Address      string
-	Port         uint16
-	AS           uint32
-	Password     string
-	MultiHop     bool
-	MpbgpNexthop string
-	MpbgpIPv4    string
-	MpbgpIPv6    string
-}
-
-func (p *Peer) setMpbgpOptions(server *Config) {
-	if p.MpbgpNexthop == "" {
-		p.MpbgpNexthop = server.MpbgpNexthop
-	}
-
-	if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" {
-		p.MpbgpIPv4 = server.MpbgpIPv4
-	}
-
-	if p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
-		p.MpbgpIPv6 = server.MpbgpIPv6
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Peer) findMpbgpAddresses(ap *api.Peer, server *Config) (string, string, error) {
-	var ipv4Address, ipv6Address string
-	switch p.MpbgpNexthop {
-	case "fixed":
-		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
-		if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" && p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("to use MP-BGP with fixed address at least one IPv4 or IPv6 address has to be provided [current - IPv4: %s, IPv6: %s]",
-				p.MpbgpIPv4, p.MpbgpIPv6)
-		}
-
-		if p.MpbgpIPv4 != "" {
-			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv4) == nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv4 address", p.MpbgpIPv4)
-			}
-		}
-		if p.MpbgpIPv6 != "" {
-			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv6) == nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv6 address", p.MpbgpIPv6)
-			}
-		}
-
-		ipv4Address = p.MpbgpIPv4
-		ipv6Address = p.MpbgpIPv6
-	case "auto_sourceip":
-		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
-
-		// Resolve the local interface by SourceIP
-		iface, err := vip.GetInterfaceByIP(server.SourceIP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by IP: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if vip.IsIPv4(server.SourceIP) {
-			// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
-			ipv6Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
-			ipv4Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	case "auto_sourceif":
-		ap.Transport.BindInterface = server.SourceIF
-
-		iface, err := netlink.LinkByName(server.SourceIF)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by name: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
-		ipv4Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
-		ipv6Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
-		}
-	default:
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("option %s for MP-BPG nexthop is not supported", server.MpbgpNexthop)
-	}
-
-	return ipv4Address, ipv6Address, nil
-}
-
-// Config defines the BGP server configuration
-type Config struct {
-	AS           uint32
-	RouterID     string
-	SourceIP     string
-	SourceIF     string
-	MpbgpNexthop string
-	MpbgpIPv4    string
-	MpbgpIPv6    string
-
-	HoldTime          uint64
-	KeepaliveInterval uint64
-
-	Peers []Peer
-
-	Zebra ZebraConfig
-}
-
-// Defines Zebra connection configuration. More on the topic - https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/blob/master/docs/sources/zebra.md#configuration
-type ZebraConfig struct {
-	Enabled      bool
-	URL          string
-	Version      uint32
-	SoftwareName string
-}
-
-// Server manages a server object
-type Server struct {
-	s *gobgp.BgpServer
-	c *Config
-
-	// This is a prometheus gauge indicating the state of the sessions.
-	// 1 means "ESTABLISHED", 0 means "NOT ESTABLISHED"
-	BGPSessionInfoGauge *prometheus.GaugeVec
-}

pkg/cluster/cluster.go

@@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
 package cluster
 
 import (
-	"sync"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
 
 // Cluster - The Cluster object manages the state of the cluster for a particular node
 type Cluster struct {
-	stop      chan bool
-	completed chan bool
-	once      sync.Once
-	Network   []vip.Network
-	arpMgr    *arp.Manager
+	stop                  chan bool
+	Network               []vip.Network
+	arpMgr                *arp.Manager
+	routeMgr              *route.Manager
+	nodeLabelMgr          node.Labeler
+	labelAdded            bool
+	healthCheckHTTPClient *http.Client
 }
 
 // InitCluster - Will attempt to initialise all of the required settings for the cluster
-func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager) (*Cluster, error) {
+func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager,
+	routeMgr *route.Manager, nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) (*Cluster, error) {
 	var networks []vip.Network
+	var healthCheckHTTPClient *http.Client
 	var err error
 
 	if !disableVIP {
@@ -32,10 +44,22 @@ func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool, intfMgr *networkinterface.M
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+
+	if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address != "" {
+		healthCheckHTTPClient, err = newHealthCheckHTTPClient(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("initializing BGP health check client: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Initialise the Cluster structure
 	newCluster := &Cluster{
-		Network: networks,
-		arpMgr:  arpMgr,
+		Network:               networks,
+		arpMgr:                arpMgr,
+		stop:                  make(chan bool),
+		routeMgr:              routeMgr,
+		nodeLabelMgr:          nodeLabelMgr,
+		healthCheckHTTPClient: healthCheckHTTPClient,
 	}
 
 	log.Debug("service security", "enabled", c.EnableServiceSecurity)
@@ -54,9 +78,9 @@ func startNetworking(c *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager) ([]vi
 
 	networks := []vip.Network{}
 	for _, addr := range addresses {
-		network, err := vip.NewConfig(addr, c.Interface, c.LoInterfaceGlobalScope, c.VIPSubnet, c.DDNS, c.RoutingTableID,
-			c.RoutingTableType, c.RoutingProtocol, c.DNSMode, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.IptablesBackend,
-			c.EnableLoadBalancer, c.EnableServiceSecurity, intfMgr)
+		network, err := vip.NewConfig(addr, c.Interface, c.LoInterfaceGlobalScope, c.VIPSubnet, c.DDNS, c.DHCPMode,
+			c.RequireDualStack, c.IsDualStack, c.RoutingTableID, c.RoutingTableType, c.RoutingProtocol, c.DNSMode,
+			c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.IptablesBackend, c.EnableLoadBalancer, c.EnableServiceSecurity, intfMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -70,11 +94,78 @@ func startNetworking(c *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager) ([]vi
 func (cluster *Cluster) Stop() {
 	// Close the stop channel, which will shut down the VIP (if needed)
 	if cluster.stop != nil {
-		cluster.once.Do(func() { // Ensure that the close channel can only ever be called once
-			close(cluster.stop)
-		})
+		close(cluster.stop)
+		cluster.stop = make(chan bool) // recreate channel for future use
+	}
+}
+
+func newHealthCheckHTTPClient(c *kubevip.Config) (*http.Client, error) {
+	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected default HTTP transport type %T", http.DefaultTransport)
 	}
 
-	// Wait until the completed channel is closed, signallign all shutdown tasks completed
-	<-cluster.completed
+	transport := defaultTransport.Clone()
+	if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath != "" {
+		caCert, err := os.ReadFile(c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading health check CA cert %q: %w", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath, err)
+		}
+
+		rootCAs, err := x509.SystemCertPool()
+		if err != nil || rootCAs == nil {
+			rootCAs = x509.NewCertPool()
+		}
+		if !rootCAs.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("health check CA cert %q contains no valid certificates", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath)
+		}
+
+		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12}
+		if transport.TLSClientConfig != nil {
+			tlsConfig = transport.TLSClientConfig.Clone()
+		}
+		tlsConfig.RootCAs = rootCAs
+		transport.TLSClientConfig = tlsConfig
+	}
+
+	return &http.Client{
+		Timeout:   time.Duration(c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second,
+		Transport: transport,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// cleanupVIPs handles VIP removal based on the PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss configuration.
+// When preservation is enabled, IPv6 VIPs are always removed immediately to prevent DAD
+// failures on the new leader, while IPv4 VIPs are intentionally left in place.
+// When preservation is disabled (legacy behavior), all VIPs are removed.
+func (cluster *Cluster) cleanupVIPs(c *kubevip.Config) {
+	for i := range cluster.Network {
+		if c.EnableARP && cluster.arpMgr.Count(cluster.Network[i].ARPName()) > 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+			if utils.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
+				log.Info("[VIP] Removing IPv6 VIP immediately (required to prevent DAD failures on new leader)", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+				deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Warn(err.Error())
+				}
+				if deleted {
+					log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+				}
+			} else {
+				log.Info("[VIP] Preserving IPv4 VIP address on interface, only stopped ARP broadcasting", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+			}
+		} else {
+			log.Info("[VIP] Deleting VIP", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+			deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			}
+			if deleted {
+				log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

pkg/cluster/clusterDDNS.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package cluster
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
@@ -12,16 +13,14 @@ import (
 // during runtime if IP changes, startDDNS don't have to do reconfigure because
 // dnsUpdater already have the functionality to keep trying resolve the IP
 // and update the VIP configuration if it changes
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartDDNS(ctx context.Context) error {
-	for i := range cluster.Network {
-		ddnsMgr := vip.NewDDNSManager(ctx, cluster.Network[i])
-		ip, err := ddnsMgr.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err = cluster.Network[i].SetIP(ip); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartDDNS(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, backoffAttempts uint, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	ddnsMgr := vip.NewDDNSManager(network, backoffAttempts)
+	ip, err := ddnsMgr.Start(ctx, wg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err = network.SetIP(ip); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil

pkg/cluster/clusterLeaderElection.go

@@ -3,131 +3,59 @@ package cluster
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
+	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/etcd"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/loadbalancer"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 
 	log "log/slog"
-
-	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
-	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
 )
 
-// Manager degines the manager of the load-balancing services
-type Manager struct {
-	KubernetesClient   *kubernetes.Clientset
-	RetryWatcherClient *kubernetes.Clientset
-	// This channel is used to signal a shutdown
-	SignalChan chan os.Signal
+// StartCluster - Begins a running instance of the Leader Election cluster
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config,
+	em *election.Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, killFunc func()) error {
 
-	EtcdClient *clientv3.Client
-}
+	ns, leaseName := lease.NamespaceName(c.LeaseName, c)
 
-// NewManager will create a new managing object
-func NewManager(path string, inCluster bool, port int) (*Manager, error) {
-	var hostname string
+	leaseID := lease.NewID(c.LeaderElectionType, ns, leaseName)
 
-	// If inCluster is set then it will likely have started as a static pod or won't have the
-	// VIP up before trying to connect to the API server, we set the API endpoint to this machine to
-	// ensure connectivity. Else if the path passed is empty and not running in the cluster,
-	// attempt to look for a kubeconfig in the default HOME dir.
+	log.Info("cluster membership", "namespace", leaseID.Namespace(), "lock", leaseID.Name(), "id", c.NodeName)
 
-	hostname = fmt.Sprintf("kubernetes:%v", port)
+	objectName := lease.ObjectName(leaseID, "cp")
+	objLease := leaseMgr.Add(ctx, leaseID)
+	isNew := objLease.Add(objectName)
 
-	if len(path) == 0 && !inCluster {
-		path = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("HOME"), ".kube", "config")
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
 
-		// We modify the config so that we can always speak to the correct host
-		id, err := os.Hostname()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+	// Start a goroutine that will delete the lease when the service context is cancelled.
+	// This is important for proper cleanup when a service is deleted - it ensures that
+	// the lease context (svcLease.Ctx) gets cancelled, which causes RunOrDie to return.
+	// Without this, RunOrDie would continue running until leadership is naturally lost.
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		<-objLease.Ctx.Done()
+		leaseMgr.Delete(leaseID, objectName)
+	})
+
+	if !isNew {
+		log.Debug("this election was already done, waiting for it to finish", "lease", leaseName)
+		<-objLease.Ctx.Done()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		select {
+		case <-cluster.stop:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
 		}
 
-		hostname = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%v", id, port)
-	}
-
-	config, err := k8s.NewRestConfig(path, inCluster, hostname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create k8s REST config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	clientset, err := k8s.NewClientset(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating a new k8s clientset: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	rwConfig, err := k8s.NewRestConfig(path, inCluster, hostname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create k8s REST config for retryClientSet: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	rwConfig.Timeout = 0 // empty value to disable the timeout
-	rwClientSet, err := k8s.NewClientset(rwConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create k8s client for retry watcher: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &Manager{
-		KubernetesClient:   clientset,
-		RetryWatcherClient: rwClientSet,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// StartCluster - Begins a running instance of the Leader Election cluster
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server) error {
-	var err error
-
-	log.Info("cluster membership", "namespace", c.Namespace, "lock", c.LeaseName, "id", c.NodeName)
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the arp loop code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancelArp()
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the dns loop code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctxDNS, cancelDNS := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancelDNS()
-
-	// listen for interrupts or the Linux SIGTERM signal and cancel
-	// our context, which the leader election code will observe and
-	// step down
-	signalChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	// Add Notification for Userland interrupt
-	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGINT)
-
-	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
-	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-	go func() {
-		<-signalChan
 		log.Info("Received termination, signaling cluster shutdown")
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
-		// Cancel the arp context, which will in turn stop any broadcasts
-	}()
+		// Cancel the leader context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+		objLease.Cancel()
+	})
 
 	// (attempt to) Remove the virtual IP, in case it already exists
 
@@ -141,250 +69,147 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Defer a function to check if the bgpServer has been created and if so attempt to close it
+	objLease.Lock()
+
 	defer func() {
-		if bgpServer != nil {
-			bgpServer.Close()
-		}
+		objLease.Unlock()
 	}()
 
-	if c.EnableBGP && bgpServer == nil {
-		// Lets start BGP
-		log.Info("Starting the BGP server to advertise VIP routes to VGP peers")
-		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(&c.BGPConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("new BGP server", "err", err)
-		}
-		if err := bgpServer.Start(nil); err != nil {
-			log.Error("starting BGP server", "err", err)
+	// this object is sharing lease with another object
+	if objLease.Elected.Load() {
+		log.Debug("this election was already done, shared lease", "lease", leaseName)
+		// wait for leader election to start or context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-objLease.Started:
+		case <-objLease.Ctx.Done():
+			// Lease was cancelled (e.g., leader election ended), return immediately
+			// This allows the restart loop to create a fresh lease
+			log.Debug("lease context cancelled before leader election started", "lease", leaseName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("lease %q context cancelled before leader election started", leaseName)
 		}
+
+		cluster.OnStartedLeading(c, objLease, em, bgpServer, killFunc, true)
+
+		log.Debug("cluster waiting for leader context done", "lease", leaseName)
+		// wait for leaderelection to be finished
+		<-objLease.Ctx.Done()
+
+		cluster.OnStoppedLeading(c, objLease, bgpServer)
+
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	run := &runConfig{
-		config:  c,
-		leaseID: c.NodeName,
-		sm:      sm,
-		onStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) { //nolint TODO: potential clean code
-			// As we're leading lets start the vip service
-			err := cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgpServer, cancel)
+	run := &election.RunConfig{
+		Config:           c,
+		LeaseID:          leaseID,
+		LeaseAnnotations: c.LeaseAnnotations,
+		Mgr:              em,
+		OnStartedLeading: func(context.Context) { //nolint TODO: potential clean code
+			cluster.OnStartedLeading(c, objLease, em, bgpServer, killFunc, false)
+		},
+		OnStoppedLeading: func() {
+			objLease.Elected.Store(false)
+			cluster.OnStoppedLeading(c, objLease, bgpServer)
+		},
+		OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
+			cluster.OnNewLeader(identity, c)
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := election.RunOrDie(objLease.Ctx, run, c); err != nil {
+		objLease.Cancel()
+		return fmt.Errorf("leaderelection failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cluster *Cluster) OnStartedLeading(c *kubevip.Config, objLease *lease.Lease,
+	em *election.Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server, killFunc func(), isShared bool) {
+	objLease.Elected.Store(true)
+	objLease.Unlock()
+
+	// When we become leader, ensure we can take over VIPs even if they're preserved on other nodes
+	if !isShared {
+		close(objLease.Started)
+	}
+
+	labels := generateLabelsFromConfig(c.Address, kubevip.HasIP)
+	if err := cluster.nodeLabelMgr.AddLabel(labels); err != nil {
+		log.Error("error adding label to node", "err", err)
+	}
+	cluster.labelAdded = true
+
+	if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+		log.Info("Becoming leader with VIP preservation enabled - ensuring VIP takeover")
+		// Force add the VIPs (this will work even if they exist due to the precheck logic)
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			added, err := cluster.Network[i].AddIP(true, false)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("starting VIP service on leader", "err", err)
+				log.Error("failed to ensure VIP on leader takeover", "vip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+			} else if added {
+				log.Info("took over VIP as new leader", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+			} else {
+				log.Info("VIP already configured on interface", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
 			}
-		},
-		onStoppedLeading: func() {
-			// we can do cleanup here
-			log.Info("This node is becoming a follower within the cluster")
-
-			// Stop the dns context
-			cancelDNS()
-			// Stop the Arp context if it is running
-			cancelArp()
-
-			// Stop the BGP server
-			if bgpServer != nil {
-				err := bgpServer.Close()
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Warn("close BGP server", "err", err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Warn("delete VIP", "err", err)
-				}
-				if deleted {
-					log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
-				}
-			}
-
-			log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
-			panic("") // TODO - we could also return here
-		},
-		onNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-			// we're notified when new leader elected
-			log.Info("New leader", "leader", identity)
-		},
+		}
 	}
 
-	switch c.LeaderElectionType {
-	case "kubernetes", "":
-		cluster.runKubernetesLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx, run)
-	case "etcd":
-		cluster.runEtcdLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx, run)
-	default:
-		log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("LeaderElectionMode %s not supported, exiting", c.LeaderElectionType))
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type runConfig struct {
-	config  *kubevip.Config
-	leaseID string
-	sm      *Manager
-
-	// onStartedLeading is called when this member starts leading.
-	onStartedLeading func(context.Context)
-	// onStoppedLeading is called when this member stops leading.
-	onStoppedLeading func()
-	// onNewLeader is called when the client observes a leader that is
-	// not the previously observed leader. This includes the first observed
-	// leader when the client starts.
-	onNewLeader func(identity string)
-}
-
-func (cluster *Cluster) runKubernetesLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *runConfig) {
-	// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-	// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-	lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-		LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:        run.config.LeaseName,
-			Namespace:   run.config.Namespace,
-			Annotations: run.config.LeaseAnnotations,
-		},
-		Client: run.sm.KubernetesClient.CoordinationV1(),
-		LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-			Identity: run.leaseID,
-		},
-	}
-
-	// start the leader election code loop
-	leaderelection.RunOrDie(ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-		Lock: lock,
-		// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-		// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-		// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-		// loop still running and another process could
-		// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-		// the stated goal of the lease.
-		ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-		LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(run.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-		RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(run.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-		RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(run.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-		Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-			OnStartedLeading: run.onStartedLeading,
-			OnStoppedLeading: run.onStoppedLeading,
-			OnNewLeader:      run.onNewLeader,
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-func (cluster *Cluster) runEtcdLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *runConfig) {
-	etcd.RunElectionOrDie(ctx, &etcd.LeaderElectionConfig{
-		EtcdConfig:           etcd.ClientConfig{Client: run.sm.EtcdClient},
-		Name:                 run.config.LeaseName,
-		MemberID:             run.leaseID,
-		LeaseDurationSeconds: int64(run.config.LeaseDuration),
-		Callbacks: etcd.LeaderCallbacks{
-			OnStartedLeading: run.onStartedLeading,
-			OnStoppedLeading: run.onStoppedLeading,
-			OnNewLeader:      run.onNewLeader,
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) NodeWatcher(ctxArp context.Context, lb *loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer, port uint16) error {
-	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
-	log.Info("Kube-Vip is watching nodes for control-plane labels")
-
-	listOptions := metav1.ListOptions{
-		LabelSelector: "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane",
-	}
-
-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctxArp, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
-		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
-			return sm.RetryWatcherClient.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(context.Background(), listOptions)
-		},
-	})
+	// As we're leading lets start the vip service
+	err := cluster.StartVipService(objLease.Ctx, c, em, bgpServer, killFunc)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating label watcher: %s", err.Error())
+		log.Error("starting VIP service on leader", "err", err)
+		killFunc()
 	}
-
-	go func() {
-		<-sm.SignalChan
-		log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
-		// Cancel the context
-		rw.Stop()
-	}()
-
-	ch := rw.ResultChan()
-	// defer rw.Stop()
-
-	for event := range ch {
-		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
-		switch event.Type {
-		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
-			node, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Node)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes Node from Annotation watcher")
-			}
-			// Find the node IP address (this isn't foolproof)
-			for x := range node.Status.Addresses {
-				if node.Status.Addresses[x].Type == v1.NodeInternalIP {
-					if checkIfNodeIsReady(node) {
-						err = lb.AddBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("add IPVS backend", "err", err)
-						}
-					} else {
-						err = lb.RemoveBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("remove IPVS backend", "err", err)
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		case watch.Deleted:
-			node, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Node)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes Node from Annotation watcher")
-			}
-
-			// Find the node IP address (this isn't foolproof)
-			for x := range node.Status.Addresses {
-				if node.Status.Addresses[x].Type == v1.NodeInternalIP {
-					err = lb.RemoveBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Error("Del IPVS backend", "err", err)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			log.Info("Node deleted", "name", node.Name)
-
-		case watch.Bookmark:
-			// Un-used
-		case watch.Error:
-			log.Error("Error attempting to watch Kubernetes Nodes")
-
-			// This round trip allows us to handle unstructured status
-			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
-			statusErr, ok := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
-			if !ok {
-				log.Error(spew.Sprintf("Received an error which is not *metav1.Status but %#+v", event.Object))
-			}
-
-			status := statusErr.ErrStatus
-			log.Error("watcher", "status", status)
-		default:
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Info("Exiting Node watcher")
-	return nil
 }
 
-func checkIfNodeIsReady(node *v1.Node) bool {
-	if node == nil {
-		return false
+func (cluster *Cluster) OnStoppedLeading(c *kubevip.Config, objLease *lease.Lease,
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+	// we can do cleanup here
+	log.Info("This node is becoming a follower within the cluster")
+
+	if cluster.labelAdded {
+		labels := generateLabelsFromConfig(c.Address, kubevip.HasIP)
+		if err := cluster.nodeLabelMgr.RemoveLabel(labels); err != nil {
+			log.Error("error removing label from node", "err", err)
+		}
+		cluster.labelAdded = false
 	}
-	for _, condition := range node.Status.Conditions {
-		if condition.Type == v1.NodeReady {
-			if condition.Status == v1.ConditionTrue {
-				return true
+
+	// Stop the cluster context if it is running
+	objLease.Cancel()
+
+	cluster.cleanupVIPs(c)
+
+	log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
+}
+
+func (cluster *Cluster) OnNewLeader(identity string, c *kubevip.Config) {
+	// we're notified when new leader elected
+	log.Info("New leader", "leader", identity)
+
+	// If we're not the new leader and we have VIPs preserved from previous leadership,
+	// we need to clean them up to avoid conflicts.
+	if identity != c.NodeName && c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+		log.Info("Cleaning up preserved VIPs as another node became leader", "new_leader", identity)
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("failed to cleanup preserved VIP", "vip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+			}
+			if deleted {
+				log.Info("cleaned up preserved VIP to avoid conflict", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(),
+					"interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "new_leader", identity)
+			} else {
+				log.Debug("VIP was not present on this node", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(),
+					"interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return false
+}
+
+func generateLabelsFromConfig(addr, labelKey string) map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{
+		labelKey: utils.SanitizeIPForLabel(addr),
+	}
 }

pkg/cluster/cluster_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package cluster_test
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+)
+
+func TestInitCluster_HealthCheckClientNoCA(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	cfg := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableBGP: true,
+		ControlPlaneHealthCheck: kubevip.HealthCheck{
+			Address:        "http://localhost:6443/livez",
+			TimeoutSeconds: 5,
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := cluster.InitCluster(cfg, true, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitCluster_HealthCheckClientValidCA(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	caPEM := generateTestCACert(t)
+	caFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ca.crt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(caFile, caPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableBGP: true,
+		ControlPlaneHealthCheck: kubevip.HealthCheck{
+			Address:        "https://localhost:6443/livez",
+			TimeoutSeconds: 3,
+			CAPath:         caFile,
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := cluster.InitCluster(cfg, true, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitCluster_HealthCheckClientInvalidCAPath(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	cfg := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableBGP: true,
+		ControlPlaneHealthCheck: kubevip.HealthCheck{
+			Address: "https://localhost:6443/livez",
+			CAPath:  "/nonexistent/ca.crt",
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := cluster.InitCluster(cfg, true, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid CA path")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "reading health check CA cert") {
+		t.Errorf("expected error about reading CA cert, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitCluster_HealthCheckClientInvalidCAContent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	caFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bad-ca.crt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(caFile, []byte("not a certificate"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableBGP: true,
+		ControlPlaneHealthCheck: kubevip.HealthCheck{
+			Address: "https://localhost:6443/livez",
+			CAPath:  caFile,
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := cluster.InitCluster(cfg, true, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid CA content")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "contains no valid certificates") {
+		t.Errorf("expected error about invalid certificates, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// generateTestCACert creates a self-signed CA certificate in PEM format for testing.
+func generateTestCACert(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	template := &x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber:          big.NewInt(1),
+		NotBefore:             time.Now(),
+		NotAfter:              time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		IsCA:                  true,
+		BasicConstraintsValid: true,
+	}
+
+	certDER, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, template, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: certDER})
+}

pkg/cluster/service.go

@@ -5,103 +5,132 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
+	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/backend"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/loadbalancer"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 )
 
-func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server, cancelLeaderElection context.CancelFunc) error {
+// BGPRouteManager allows to manage the routes announced by the BGP server.
+type BGPRouteManager interface {
+	AddHost(ctx context.Context, addr string, object string) error
+	DelHost(ctx context.Context, addr string, object string) error
+}
+
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartVipService(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, em *election.Manager,
+	bgpServer BGPRouteManager, killFunc func()) error {
+
 	var err error
 
-	// listen for interrupts or the Linux SIGTERM signal and cancel
-	// our context, which the leader election code will observe and
-	// step down
-	signalChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	// Add Notification for Userland interrupt
-	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGINT)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	defer wg.Wait()
 
-	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
-	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		killFunc()
+	})
 
 	loadbalancers := []*loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer{}
 
-	var arpWG sync.WaitGroup
-
 	for i := range cluster.Network {
 		network := cluster.Network[i]
-		if err := network.SetMask(c.VIPSubnet); err != nil {
-			log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", c.VIPSubnet, "err", err)
-			panic("")
-		}
+
 		if network.IsDDNS() {
-			if err := cluster.StartDDNS(ctxDNS); err != nil {
-				log.Error(err.Error())
+			if err := cluster.StartDDNS(ctx, cluster.Network[i], c.DHCPBackoffAttempts, &wg); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to start DDNS", "err", err)
 			}
 		}
 
+		if err := network.SetMask(c.VIPSubnet); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set mask for subnet %q: %w", c.VIPSubnet, err)
+		}
+
 		// start the dns updater if address is dns
 		if network.IsDNS() {
 			log.Info("starting the DNS updater", "address", network.DNSName())
 			ipUpdater := vip.NewIPUpdater(network)
-			ipUpdater.Run(ctxDNS)
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				ipUpdater.Run(ctx)
+			})
 		}
 
 		if !c.EnableRoutingTable {
-			if _, err = network.AddIP(false); err != nil {
-				log.Error(err.Error())
+			// Normal VIP addition, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+			if _, err = network.AddIP(false, false); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IP address %s: %w", network.IP(), err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		if c.EnableBGP {
-			// Lets advertise the VIP over BGP, the host needs to be passed using CIDR notation
-			log.Debug("Attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", network.CIDR())
-			err = bgpServer.AddHost(network.CIDR())
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error(err.Error())
+			if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address != "" {
+				// The health check loop owns route advertisement/withdrawal when configured.
+				wg.Go(func() {
+					cluster.bgpHealthCheckLoop(ctx, c, bgpServer, network.CIDR())
+				})
+			} else {
+				// Lets advertise the VIP over BGP, the host needs to be passed using CIDR notation.
+				log.Debug("Attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", network.CIDR())
+				err = bgpServer.AddHost(ctx, network.CIDR(), c.NodeName)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error(err.Error())
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		if c.EnableLoadBalancer {
-			lb, err := loadbalancer.NewIPVSLB(network.IP(), c.LoadBalancerPort, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, c.Interface, cancelLeaderElection, signalChan)
+			lb, err := loadbalancer.NewIPVSLB(ctx, network.IP(), c.LoadBalancerPort, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod,
+				c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, killFunc, &wg)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Error creating IPVS LoadBalancer", "err", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("creating IPVS LoadBalance: %w", err)
 			}
 
-			go func() {
-				err = sm.NodeWatcher(ctxArp, lb, c.Port) //TODO: We're using the ctxARP as the context this will change when rkatz finishes his change
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error("Error watching node labels", "err", err)
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				for {
+					select {
+					case <-ctx.Done():
+						return
+					default:
+						err = em.NodeWatcher(ctx, lb, c.Port)
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Error("Error watching node labels", "err", err)
+							if errors.Is(err, &utils.PanicError{}) {
+								killFunc()
+								return
+							}
+						}
+					}
 				}
-			}()
+			})
 
 			loadbalancers = append(loadbalancers, lb)
 		}
 
 		if c.EnableARP {
-			arpWG.Add(1)
-			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, network, c, &arpWG)
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				cluster.layer2Update(ctx, network, c)
+			})
 		}
 	}
 
 	if c.EnableLoadBalancer {
 		// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
-		<-signalChan
+		<-ctx.Done()
 		for _, lb := range loadbalancers {
 			err = lb.RemoveIPVSLB()
 			if err != nil {
@@ -115,26 +144,15 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 		backendMapV6 := backend.Map{}
 		// only check localhost
 
-		nodename := ""
-		if c.NodeName != "" {
-			nodename = c.NodeName
-		} else {
-			nodename = os.Getenv("HOSTNAME")
-		}
-
 		ips := []string{}
-		if nodename != "" {
-			if ips, err = getNodeIPs(ctxArp, nodename, sm.KubernetesClient); err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-				log.Error("failed to get IP of control-plane nod", "err", err)
+		if c.NodeName != "" {
+			if ips, err = getNodeIPs(ctx, c.NodeName, em.KubernetesClient); err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				log.Error("failed to get IP of control-plane node", "err", err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		if len(ips) == 0 {
-			isV6, err := isV6(cluster.Network[0].IP())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse IP '%s'", cluster.Network[0].IP())
-			}
-			if !isV6 {
+			if !utils.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[0].IP()) {
 				ips = append(ips, "127.0.0.1")
 			} else {
 				ips = append(ips, "::1")
@@ -145,34 +163,19 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 
 		for _, ip := range ips {
 			entry := backend.Entry{Addr: ip, Port: c.Port}
-			ipv6, err := isV6(ip)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("failed to check IP type", "IP", ip, "error", err)
-			}
-			if !ipv6 {
+			if !utils.IsIPv6(ip) {
 				backendMapV4[entry] = false
 			} else {
 				backendMapV6[entry] = false
 			}
 		}
 
-		stop := make(chan struct{})
-
-		// will wait for system interrupt and will send stop signal to backend watch
-		go func() {
-			<-signalChan
-			stop <- struct{}{}
-		}()
-
-		backend.Watch(func() {
+		backend.Watch(ctx, c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, func() {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
 				network := cluster.Network[i]
 				networkIP := network.IP()
-				isNetworkV6, err := isV6(networkIP)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error("failed to check IP type", "IP", networkIP, "error", err)
-					continue
-				}
+				isNetworkV6 := utils.IsIPv6(networkIP)
+				log.Debug("current ip to process", "ip", networkIP)
 
 				backendMap := &backendMapV4
 				if isNetworkV6 {
@@ -180,8 +183,11 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 				}
 
 				for entry := range *backendMap {
+					log.Debug("entry.Check() for entry", "entry", entry)
 					if entry.Check() {
-						_, err = network.AddIP(true)
+						log.Debug("entry.Check() true")
+						// Normal VIP addition with precheck, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+						_, err = network.AddIP(true, false)
 						if err != nil {
 							log.Error("error adding address", "err", err)
 						}
@@ -189,11 +195,11 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 							log.Info("added backend", "ip", network.IP())
 						}
 
-						err = network.AddRoute(true)
+						err = cluster.routeMgr.Add(c.NodeName, network, true, false)
 						if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrExist) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
 							log.Warn(err.Error())
 						} else if err == nil && !(*backendMap)[entry] {
-							log.Info("added route", "route", network.PrepareRoute().String())
+							log.Info("added route", "route", network.PrepareRoute())
 						}
 
 						(*backendMap)[entry] = true
@@ -211,35 +217,106 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 				}
 
 				if deleteAddress {
-					err = network.DeleteRoute()
-					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+					err = cluster.routeMgr.Delete(c.NodeName, network)
+					if err != nil {
 						log.Warn("deleting route", "err", err)
-					} else if err == nil {
-						log.Info("deleted route", "route", network.PrepareRoute().String())
 					}
 
 					deleted, err := network.DeleteIP()
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error("error deleting IP", "err", err)
-						panic("")
+						killFunc()
+						return
 					}
 					if deleted {
 						log.Info("deleted address", "IP", network.IP(), "interface", network.Interface())
 					}
 				}
 			}
-		}, c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, stop)
+		})
+	}
+
+	if c.EnableBGP {
+		<-ctx.Done()
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func isV6(ip string) (bool, error) {
-	ipaddr := net.ParseIP(ip)
-	if ipaddr == nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse IP '%s'", ip)
+func (cluster *Cluster) bgpHealthCheckLoop(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, bgpServer BGPRouteManager, vipCIDR string) {
+	period := time.Duration(c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.PeriodSeconds) * time.Second
+
+	consecutiveFailures := 0
+	routeAnnounced := false
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(period)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	log.Info("Starting BGP health check",
+		"address", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address,
+		"cidr", vipCIDR,
+		"period", period,
+		"timeout", cluster.healthCheckHTTPClient.Timeout,
+		"threshold", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold,
+	)
+
+	for {
+		statusCode := 0
+		var healthErr error
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			healthErr = err
+		} else {
+			resp, err := cluster.healthCheckHTTPClient.Do(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				healthErr = err
+			} else {
+				defer resp.Body.Close()
+				statusCode = resp.StatusCode
+			}
+		}
+
+		healthy := healthErr == nil && statusCode == http.StatusOK
+
+		if healthy {
+			consecutiveFailures = 0
+			if !routeAnnounced {
+				log.Info("BGP health check passed, announcing route", "cidr", vipCIDR)
+				if err := bgpServer.AddHost(ctx, vipCIDR, c.NodeName); err != nil {
+					log.Error("BGP health check: failed to announce route", "cidr", vipCIDR, "err", err)
+				} else {
+					routeAnnounced = true
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			consecutiveFailures++
+			if healthErr != nil {
+				log.Warn("BGP health check failed", "address", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address, "consecutive", consecutiveFailures, "err", healthErr)
+			} else {
+				log.Warn("BGP health check failed", "address", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address, "consecutive", consecutiveFailures, "status", statusCode)
+			}
+
+			if consecutiveFailures >= c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold && routeAnnounced {
+				log.Warn("BGP health check threshold reached, withdrawing route", "failureThreshold", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold, "cidr", vipCIDR)
+				if err := bgpServer.DelHost(ctx, vipCIDR, c.NodeName); err != nil {
+					log.Error("BGP health check: failed to withdraw route", "cidr", vipCIDR, "err", err)
+				} else {
+					routeAnnounced = false
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if routeAnnounced {
+				if err := bgpServer.DelHost(ctx, vipCIDR, c.NodeName); err != nil {
+					log.Error("BGP health check: failed to withdraw route", "cidr", vipCIDR, "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
 	}
-	return ipaddr.To4() == nil, nil
 }
 
 func getNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, nodename string, client *kubernetes.Clientset) ([]string, error) {
@@ -257,109 +334,128 @@ func getNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, nodename string, client *kubernetes.Clients
 }
 
 // StartLoadBalancerService will start a VIP instance and leave it for kube-proxy to handle
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Server, name string, CountRouteReferences func(*netlink.Route) int) {
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Server, name string, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
 	// use a Go context so we can tell the arp loop code when we
 	// want to step down
 	//nolint
-	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	lbCtx, lbCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
-	cluster.stop = make(chan bool, 1)
-	cluster.completed = make(chan bool, 1)
-
-	var arpWG sync.WaitGroup
+	var lbWg sync.WaitGroup
 
 	for i := range cluster.Network {
 		network := cluster.Network[i]
+
+		if network.IsDDNS() {
+			ddnsReady := make(chan struct{})
+			lbWg.Go(func() {
+				// start the DDNS if requested
+				log.Debug("(svcs) start DDNS", "name", network.DNSName())
+				if err := cluster.StartDDNS(lbCtx, cluster.Network[i], c.DHCPBackoffAttempts, &lbWg); err != nil {
+					log.Error("failed to start DDNS", "err", err)
+				}
+
+				close(ddnsReady)
+				<-lbCtx.Done()
+			})
+			<-ddnsReady
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("current ip to process", "ip", network.IP(), "mask", c.VIPSubnet)
 		if err := network.SetMask(c.VIPSubnet); err != nil {
 			log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", c.VIPSubnet, "err", err)
-			panic("")
+			lbCancel()
+			return utils.NewPanicError(fmt.Sprintf("failed to set mask for subnet %q: %s", c.VIPSubnet, err.Error()))
 		}
 		_, err := network.DeleteIP()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("attempted to clean existing VIP", "err", err)
 		}
+		log.Debug("config flags", "enable_routing_table", c.EnableRoutingTable, "enable_leader_election", c.EnableLeaderElection, "enable_services_election", c.EnableServicesElection)
 
 		if c.EnableRoutingTable && (c.EnableLeaderElection || c.EnableServicesElection) {
-			err = network.AddRoute(false)
+			err = cluster.routeMgr.Add(name, network, false, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			} else {
+				log.Info("successful add Route")
 			}
-		} else if !c.EnableRoutingTable {
-			if _, err = network.AddIP(false); err != nil {
+		}
+
+		if !c.EnableRoutingTable && !c.EnableBGP && !c.EnableWireguard {
+			// Normal VIP addition, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+			// Note: When WireGuard is enabled, the VIP is added to the tunnel interface
+			// instead of lo, so we skip adding it here.
+			if _, err = network.AddIP(false, false); err != nil {
 				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			} else {
+				log.Info("successful add IP")
 			}
 		}
 
 		if c.EnableARP {
-			arpWG.Add(1)
-			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, network, c, &arpWG)
+			lbWg.Go(func() {
+				cluster.layer2Update(lbCtx, network, c)
+			})
 		}
 
 		if c.EnableBGP && (c.EnableLeaderElection || c.EnableServicesElection) {
 			// Lets advertise the VIP over BGP, the host needs to be passed using CIDR notation
 			log.Debug("(svcs) attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", network.CIDR())
-			err = bgp.AddHost(network.CIDR())
+			err = bgp.AddHost(lbCtx, network.CIDR(), name)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error(err.Error())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		<-cluster.stop
-		// Stop the Arp context if it is running
-		cancelArp()
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			network := cluster.Network[i]
 
-		arpWG.Wait() // wait for all cluster ARP/NDP to be finished
+			// start the dns updater if address is dns
+			if network.IsDNS() {
+				log.Info("(svcs) starting the DNS updater", "address", network.DNSName(), "ip", network.IP())
+				ipUpdater := vip.NewIPUpdater(network)
+				wg.Go(func() {
+					ipUpdater.Run(lbCtx)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		<-cluster.stop
+		// Stop the loadbalancer context if it is running
+		lbCancel()
+
+		lbWg.Wait() // wait for all cluster ARP/NDP to be finished
 
 		log.Info("[LOADBALANCER] Stopping load balancers", "name", name)
 
 		if c.EnableRoutingTable {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				// chek if route is not  referenced by another service
-				r := cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute()
-				if CountRouteReferences(r) < 1 {
-					log.Info("[VIP] Deleting Route for VIP", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-					if err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute(); err != nil {
-						log.Warn(err.Error())
-					}
+				if err := cluster.routeMgr.Delete(name, cluster.Network[i]); err != nil {
+					log.Warn(err.Error())
 				}
 			}
 
-			close(cluster.completed)
 			return
 		}
-		for i := range cluster.Network {
-			if c.EnableARP && cluster.arpMgr.Count(cluster.Network[i].ARPName()) > 0 {
-				continue
-			}
-			log.Info("[VIP] Deleting VIP", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-			deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
-			}
-			if deleted {
-				log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
-			}
-		}
 
-		close(cluster.completed)
-	}()
+		cluster.cleanupVIPs(c)
+	})
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Layer2Update, handles the creation of the
-func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c *kubevip.Config, arpWG *sync.WaitGroup) {
-	defer arpWG.Done()
-	log.Info("layer 2 broadcaster starting")
+func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c *kubevip.Config) {
 	var ndp *vip.NdpResponder
 	var err error
 	ipString := network.IP()
-	if vip.IsIPv6(ipString) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(ipString) {
 		if network.IPisLinkLocal() {
 			log.Error("layer2 is link-local can't use NDP", "address", ipString)
-
 		} else {
-			ndp, err = vip.NewNDPResponder(network.Interface())
+			ndp, err = waitNDPResponder(ctx, network.Interface())
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("failed to create new NDP Responder", "error", err)
 			} else {
@@ -370,6 +466,7 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c
 		}
 	}
 
+	log.Info("layer 2 broadcaster starting", "IP", network.IP(), "device", network.Interface())
 	log.Debug("layer 2 update", "ip", ipString, "interface", network.Interface(), "ms", c.ArpBroadcastRate)
 
 	arpInstance := arp.NewInstance(network, ndp)
@@ -377,5 +474,32 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c
 
 	<-ctx.Done() // if cancel() execute
 	log.Debug("ending layer 2 update", "ip", ipString, "interface", network.Interface(), "ms", c.ArpBroadcastRate)
-	cluster.arpMgr.Remove(arpInstance)
+	cluster.arpMgr.RemoveOnLeadershipLoss(arpInstance)
+}
+
+func waitNDPResponder(ctx context.Context, ifaceName string) (*vip.NdpResponder, error) {
+	ndp, err := vip.NewNDPResponder(ifaceName)
+	if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no such device") {
+		log.Warn("unable to create NDP responder at first try", "interface", ifaceName, "err", err)
+		ndpCreateCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Minute)
+		defer cancel()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ndpCreateCtx.Done():
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create NDP responder for interface %q: %w", ifaceName, ndpCreateCtx.Err())
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				ndp, err = vip.NewNDPResponder(ifaceName)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Warn("unable to create NDP responder on retry", "interface", ifaceName, "err", err)
+				} else {
+					return ndp, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create NDP responder for interface %q: %w", ifaceName, err)
+	}
+	return ndp, nil
 }

pkg/cluster/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+package cluster_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+const testCIDR = "10.0.0.34/32"
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_AnnouncesOnHealthy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	startVipService(t, newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath), bgpManager)
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced")
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_NoAnnouncementUntilHealthy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	startVipService(t, newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath), bgpManager)
+
+	expectConsistently(t, func() bool { return !bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		2*time.Second, "route should not be announced while unhealthy")
+
+	healthcheck.setStatus(http.StatusOK)
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced after recovery")
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_WithdrawsAfterThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	cfg := newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath)
+	cfg.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold = 3
+	startVipService(t, cfg, bgpManager)
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced")
+
+	healthcheck.setStatus(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+
+	expectConsistently(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		1500*time.Millisecond, "route should stay announced before threshold is reached")
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return !bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be withdrawn after threshold")
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_ReAnnouncesOnRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	cfg := newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath)
+	cfg.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold = 1
+	startVipService(t, cfg, bgpManager)
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced")
+
+	healthcheck.setStatus(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return !bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be withdrawn")
+
+	healthcheck.setStatus(http.StatusOK)
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be re-announced")
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_StopsOnContextCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	cancelContext, vipServiceDone := startVipService(t, newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath), bgpManager)
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced")
+
+	cancelContext()
+
+	select {
+	case <-vipServiceDone:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("vipService did not stop after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_RetriesAddHostOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	bgpManager.setAddErr(errTestAddHost)
+	startVipService(t, newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath), bgpManager)
+
+	expectConsistently(t, func() bool { return !bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		2*time.Second, "route should not be announced while AddHost errors")
+
+	bgpManager.setAddErr(nil)
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced after clearing AddHost error")
+}
+
+func TestBGPHealthCheckLoop_RetriesDelHostOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	healthcheck := newTestHealthServer(t, http.StatusOK)
+	t.Cleanup(healthcheck.server.Close)
+
+	bgpManager := newMockBGPRouteManager()
+	cfg := newTestConfig(healthcheck.server.URL, healthcheck.caPath)
+	cfg.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold = 1
+	startVipService(t, cfg, bgpManager)
+
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be announced")
+
+	bgpManager.setDelErr(errTestDelHost)
+	healthcheck.setStatus(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+
+	expectConsistently(t, func() bool { return bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		1500*time.Millisecond, "route should stay announced while DelHost errors")
+
+	bgpManager.setDelErr(nil)
+	expectEventually(t, func() bool { return !bgpManager.isAnnounced() },
+		"route should be withdrawn after clearing DelHost error")
+}
+
+var (
+	errTestAddHost = &testError{msg: "mock AddHost error"}
+	errTestDelHost = &testError{msg: "mock DelHost error"}
+)
+
+type testError struct{ msg string }
+
+func (e *testError) Error() string { return e.msg }
+
+// startVipService launches vipService in a goroutine with a mock network and
+// registers a cleanup to cancel the context and wait for it to finish.
+// Uses InitCluster so the real code parses certs for the BGP health check client.
+func startVipService(t *testing.T, cfg *kubevip.Config, bgpManager *mockBGPRouteManager) (context.CancelFunc, <-chan struct{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	c, err := cluster.InitCluster(cfg, true, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InitCluster: %v", err)
+	}
+	c.Network = []vip.Network{&mockNetwork{ip: "10.0.0.1", cidr: testCIDR}}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = c.StartVipService(ctx, cfg, nil, bgpManager, func() {})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cancel()
+		<-done
+	})
+
+	return cancel, done
+}
+
+func newTestConfig(url, caPath string) *kubevip.Config {
+	return &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableBGP: true,
+		ControlPlaneHealthCheck: kubevip.HealthCheck{
+			Address:          url,
+			CAPath:           caPath,
+			PeriodSeconds:    1,
+			TimeoutSeconds:   2,
+			FailureThreshold: 1,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// mockBGPRouteManager tracks announced addresses as a set.
+// AddHost adds, DelHost removes. Errors prevent state changes.
+type mockBGPRouteManager struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	announced map[string]bool
+	addErr    error
+	delErr    error
+}
+
+func newMockBGPRouteManager() *mockBGPRouteManager {
+	return &mockBGPRouteManager{announced: make(map[string]bool)}
+}
+
+func (m *mockBGPRouteManager) AddHost(_ context.Context, addr string, _ string) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if m.addErr != nil {
+		return m.addErr
+	}
+	m.announced[addr] = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockBGPRouteManager) DelHost(_ context.Context, addr string, _ string) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if m.delErr != nil {
+		return m.delErr
+	}
+	delete(m.announced, addr)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockBGPRouteManager) isAnnounced() bool {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.announced[testCIDR]
+}
+
+func (m *mockBGPRouteManager) setAddErr(err error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.addErr = err
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (m *mockBGPRouteManager) setDelErr(err error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.delErr = err
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// mockNetwork implements vip.Network with no-op operations.
+type mockNetwork struct {
+	ip   string
+	cidr string
+}
+
+func (m *mockNetwork) AddIP(bool, bool, ...int) (bool, error) { return true, nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) AddRoute(bool) (bool, error)            { return false, nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) DeleteIP() (bool, error)                { return false, nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) DeleteRoute() error                     { return nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) UpdateRoutes() (bool, error)            { return false, nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IsSet() (*netlink.Addr, error)          { return nil, nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IP() string                             { return m.ip }
+func (m *mockNetwork) CIDR() string                           { return m.cidr }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IPisLinkLocal() bool                    { return false }
+func (m *mockNetwork) PrepareRoute() *netlink.Route           { return nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) RouteHash() string                      { return "" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) SetIP(string) error                     { return nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) SetServicePorts(*corev1.Service)        {}
+func (m *mockNetwork) Interface() string                      { return "eth0" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IsDADFAIL() bool                        { return false }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IsDNS() bool                            { return false }
+func (m *mockNetwork) IsDDNS() bool                           { return false }
+func (m *mockNetwork) DDNSHostName() string                   { return "" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) DNSName() string                        { return "" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) SetMask(string) error                   { return nil }
+func (m *mockNetwork) SetHasEndpoints(bool)                   {}
+func (m *mockNetwork) HasEndpoints() bool                     { return false }
+func (m *mockNetwork) ARPName() string                        { return "" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) GetPossibleSubnets() string             { return "" }
+func (m *mockNetwork) DHCPFamily() string                     { return "" }
+
+// testHealthServer wraps an HTTPS httptest.Server with an atomic status code.
+// caPath is the path to the server's CA cert for client verification.
+type testHealthServer struct {
+	server     *httptest.Server
+	statusCode atomic.Int64
+	caPath     string
+}
+
+func newTestHealthServer(t *testing.T, status int) *testHealthServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	healthcheck := &testHealthServer{}
+	healthcheck.statusCode.Store(int64(status))
+	healthcheck.server = httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(int(healthcheck.statusCode.Load()))
+	}))
+
+	cert := healthcheck.server.Certificate()
+	if cert == nil {
+		t.Fatal("TLS server has no certificate")
+	}
+	caPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: cert.Raw})
+	caFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ca.crt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(caFile, caPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	healthcheck.caPath = caFile
+	return healthcheck
+}
+
+func (ths *testHealthServer) setStatus(code int) {
+	ths.statusCode.Store(int64(code))
+}
+
+// expectConsistently continuously checks that condition remains true for the given duration.
+// Fails immediately if the condition becomes false at any point.
+func expectConsistently(t *testing.T, condition func() bool, duration time.Duration, msg string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(duration)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if !condition() {
+			t.Fatalf("condition violated: %s", msg)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+}
+
+// expectEventually polls condition until it returns true or 5s timeout is reached.
+func expectEventually(t *testing.T, condition func() bool, msg string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if condition() {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("timeout: %s", msg)
+}

pkg/cluster/singleNode.go

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-package cluster
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-)
-
-// StartSingleNode will start a single node cluster
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartSingleNode(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) error {
-	// Start kube-vip as a single node server
-
-	// TODO - Split all this code out as a separate function
-	log.Info("Starting kube-vip as a single node cluster")
-
-	log.Info("This node is assuming leadership of the cluster")
-
-	cluster.stop = make(chan bool, 1)
-	cluster.completed = make(chan bool, 1)
-
-	for i := range cluster.Network {
-		if !disableVIP {
-			deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn("Attempted to clean existing VIP", "err", err)
-			}
-			if deleted {
-				log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
-			}
-
-			_, err = cluster.Network[i].AddIP(false)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
-			}
-
-		}
-
-		if c.EnableARP {
-			// Gratuitous ARP, will broadcast to new MAC <-> IP
-			err := vip.ARPSendGratuitous(cluster.Network[i].IP(), c.Interface)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		<-cluster.stop
-
-		if !disableVIP {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				log.Info("[VIP] Releasing the VIP", "address", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-				deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Warn(err.Error())
-				}
-				if deleted {
-					log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		close(cluster.completed)
-	}()
-	log.Info("Started Load Balancer and Virtual IP")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartVipService(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgp *bgp.Server) error {
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the arp loop code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancelArp()
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the dns loop code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctxDNS, cancelDNS := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancelDNS()
-
-	return cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgp, nil)
-}

pkg/detector/interfaces.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func FindIPAddress(addrName string) (string, string, error) {
 					// If we're not searching for a specific adapter return the first one
 					if addrName == "" {
 						return iface.Name, address, nil
-					} else
+					}
 					// If this is the correct adapter return the details
 					if iface.Name == addrName {
 						return iface.Name, address, nil
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ func FindIPAddress(addrName string) (string, string, error) {
 		}
 
 	}
-	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("Unknown interface [%s]", addrName)
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("unknown interface [%s]", addrName)
 }

pkg/egress/egress.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ func Teardown(podIP, vipIP, namespace, serviceUUID string, annotations map[strin
 
 	protocol := iptables.ProtocolIPv4
 	IPv6 := false
-	if vip.IsIPv6(podIP) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(podIP) {
 		protocol = iptables.ProtocolIPv6
 		IPv6 = true
 	}

pkg/election/election.go

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+package election
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/etcd"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/loadbalancer"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
+	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	KubernetesClient   *kubernetes.Clientset
+	RetryWatcherClient *kubernetes.Clientset
+	// This channel is used to signal a shutdown
+
+	EtcdClient *clientv3.Client
+}
+
+// NewManager will create a new managing object
+func NewManager(config *kubevip.Config, k8sClientset, rwClientset *kubernetes.Clientset) (*Manager, error) {
+	m := &Manager{}
+
+	switch config.LeaderElectionType {
+	case "kubernetes", "":
+		if k8sClientset == nil || rwClientset == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("provided nil clientset")
+		}
+		m.KubernetesClient = k8sClientset
+		m.RetryWatcherClient = rwClientset
+	case "etcd":
+		client, err := etcd.NewClient(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m.EtcdClient = client
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid LeaderElectionMode %s not supported", config.LeaderElectionType)
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func RunOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *RunConfig, c *kubevip.Config) error {
+	switch c.LeaderElectionType {
+	case "kubernetes", "":
+		runKubernetesLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx, run)
+	case "etcd":
+		if err := runEtcdLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx, run); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		log.Info("LeaderElectionMode not supported, exiting", "mode", c.LeaderElectionType)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runKubernetesLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *RunConfig) {
+	// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
+	// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
+	lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
+		LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:        run.LeaseID.Name(),
+			Namespace:   run.LeaseID.Namespace(),
+			Annotations: run.LeaseAnnotations,
+		},
+		Client: run.Mgr.KubernetesClient.CoordinationV1(),
+		LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
+			Identity: run.Config.NodeName,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// start the leader election code loop
+	leaderelection.RunOrDie(ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
+		Lock: lock,
+		// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
+		// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
+		// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
+		// loop still running and another process could
+		// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
+		// the stated goal of the lease.
+		ReleaseOnCancel: true,
+		LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(run.Config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
+		RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(run.Config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
+		RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(run.Config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
+		Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
+			OnStartedLeading: run.OnStartedLeading,
+			OnStoppedLeading: run.OnStoppedLeading,
+			OnNewLeader:      run.OnNewLeader,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func runEtcdLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *RunConfig) error {
+	if err := etcd.RunElectionOrDie(ctx, &etcd.LeaderElectionConfig{
+		EtcdConfig:           etcd.ClientConfig{Client: run.Mgr.EtcdClient},
+		Name:                 run.LeaseID.NamespacedName(),
+		MemberID:             run.Config.NodeName,
+		LeaseDurationSeconds: int64(run.Config.LeaseDuration),
+		Callbacks: etcd.LeaderCallbacks{
+			OnStartedLeading: run.OnStartedLeading,
+			OnStoppedLeading: run.OnStoppedLeading,
+			OnNewLeader:      run.OnNewLeader,
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("etcd leaderelection: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type Actions interface {
+	OnStartedLeading(ctx context.Context)
+	OnStoppedLeading()
+	OnNewLeader(identity string)
+}
+
+type RunConfig struct {
+	Config           *kubevip.Config
+	LeaseID          lease.ID
+	Mgr              *Manager
+	LeaseAnnotations map[string]string
+
+	// onStartedLeading is called when this member starts leading.
+	OnStartedLeading func(context.Context)
+	// onStoppedLeading is called when this member stops leading.
+	OnStoppedLeading func()
+	// onNewLeader is called when the client observes a leader that is
+	// not the previously observed leader. This includes the first observed
+	// leader when the client starts.
+	OnNewLeader func(identity string)
+}
+
+func (em *Manager) NodeWatcher(ctx context.Context, lb *loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer, port uint16) error {
+	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
+	log.Info("Kube-Vip is watching nodes for control-plane labels")
+
+	listOptions := metav1.ListOptions{
+		LabelSelector: "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane",
+	}
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+
+	watchCtx, watchCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer watchCancel()
+
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(watchCtx, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
+		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
+			return utils.WatchWithAuthRetry(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) (watch.Interface, error) {
+				return em.RetryWatcherClient.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(watchCtx, listOptions)
+			})
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating label watcher: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		<-watchCtx.Done()
+		log.Info("Node watcher context cancelled, stopping")
+		// Stop the retrywatcher
+		rw.Stop()
+	})
+
+	ch := rw.ResultChan()
+
+	var watchErr error
+	for event := range ch {
+		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
+		switch event.Type {
+		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
+			node, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Node)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes Node from Annotation watcher")
+			}
+			// Find the node IP address (this isn't foolproof)
+			for x := range node.Status.Addresses {
+				if node.Status.Addresses[x].Type == v1.NodeInternalIP {
+					if checkIfNodeIsReady(node) {
+						err = lb.AddBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Error("adding node to load balancer", "node", node.Name, "ip", node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, "err", err)
+							if errors.Is(err, &utils.PanicError{}) {
+								return fmt.Errorf("add IPVS backend: %w", err)
+							}
+						}
+					} else {
+						err = lb.RemoveBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Error("removing node from load balancer", "node", node.Name, "ip", node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, "err", err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case watch.Deleted:
+			node, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Node)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes Node from Annotation watcher")
+			}
+
+			// Find the node IP address (this isn't foolproof)
+			for x := range node.Status.Addresses {
+				if node.Status.Addresses[x].Type == v1.NodeInternalIP {
+					err = lb.RemoveBackend(node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, port)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error("removing node from load balancer", "node", node.Name, "ip", node.Status.Addresses[x].Address, "err", err)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			log.Info("Node deleted", "name", node.Name)
+
+		case watch.Bookmark:
+			// Un-used
+		case watch.Error:
+			log.Error("Error attempting to watch Kubernetes Nodes")
+
+			// This round trip allows us to handle unstructured status
+			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
+			statusErr, ok := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
+			if !ok {
+				log.Error(spew.Sprintf("Received an error which is not *metav1.Status but %#+v", event.Object))
+			}
+
+			status := statusErr.ErrStatus
+			log.Error("watcher", "status", status)
+			watchErr = fmt.Errorf("node watcher error, status: %s", status.String())
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Exiting Node watcher")
+	return watchErr
+}
+
+func checkIfNodeIsReady(node *v1.Node) bool {
+	if node == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, condition := range node.Status.Conditions {
+		if condition.Type == v1.NodeReady {
+			if condition.Status == v1.ConditionTrue {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/endpoints/endpoints.go

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
@@ -11,10 +15,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/wireguard"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	discoveryv1 "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 )
 
 type Processor struct {
@@ -23,26 +31,29 @@ type Processor struct {
 	bgpServer *bgp.Server
 	worker    endpointWorker
 	instances *[]*instance.Instance
+	leaseMgr  *lease.Manager
 }
 
 func NewEndpointProcessor(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server,
-	instances *[]*instance.Instance) *Processor {
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, tunnelMgr *wireguard.TunnelManager, routeMgr *route.Manager) *Processor {
 	return &Processor{
 		config:    config,
 		provider:  provider,
 		bgpServer: bgpServer,
 		instances: instances,
-		worker:    newEndpointWorker(config, provider, bgpServer, instances),
+		leaseMgr:  leaseMgr,
+		worker:    newEndpointWorker(config, provider, bgpServer, instances, leaseMgr, tunnelMgr, routeMgr),
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) AddOrModify(ctx *servicecontext.Context, event watch.Event,
-	lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, id string, leaderElectionActive *bool,
-	serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error,
-	leaderCtx *context.Context, cancel *context.CancelFunc) (bool, error) {
+func (p *Processor) AddOrModify(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, event watch.Event,
+	lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, id string,
+	serviceFunc func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error, wg *sync.WaitGroup,
+	clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	egressUpdateFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) (bool, error) {
 
 	var err error
-	if err = p.provider.LoadObject(event.Object, *cancel); err != nil {
+	if err = p.provider.LoadObject(event.Object, svcCtx.Cancel); err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error loading k8s object: %w", p.provider.GetLabel(), err)
 	}
 
@@ -51,63 +62,97 @@ func (p *Processor) AddOrModify(ctx *servicecontext.Context, event watch.Event,
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if err := p.worker.setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service, endpoints); err != nil {
+	if err := p.worker.setInstanceEndpointsStatus(svcCtx.Ctx, service, endpoints); err != nil {
 		log.Error("updating instance", "err", err)
 	}
 
+	allowReconcileWithoutEndpoints := shouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(service)
+
 	// Find out if we have any local endpoints
 	// if out endpoint is empty then populate it
 	// if not, go through the endpoints and see if ours still exists
 	// If we have a local endpoint then begin the leader Election, unless it's already running
 	//
 
+	les := atomic.Int64{}
+
 	// Check that we have local endpoints
 	if len(endpoints) != 0 {
 		// Ignore IPv4
-		if service.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true" && net.ParseIP(endpoints[0]).To4() != nil {
+		if service.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true" && !hasV6(endpoints) {
 			return true, nil
 		}
 
-		p.updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, endpoints, service, leaderElectionActive, *cancel)
-		// start leader election if it's enabled and not already started
-		if !*leaderElectionActive && p.config.EnableServicesElection {
-			go func() {
-				*leaderCtx, *cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx.Ctx)
-				startLeaderElection(*leaderCtx, leaderElectionActive, service, serviceFunc)
-			}()
+		p.updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, endpoints, service)
+
+		if err := p.startServiceHandlingIfNeeded(svcCtx, service, serviceFunc, wg, &les); err != nil {
+			return true, err
 		}
 
+		svcCtx.SignalReadiness()
+
 		// There are local endpoints available on the node
-		if !p.config.EnableServicesElection && !p.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-			if err := p.worker.processInstance(ctx, service, leaderElectionActive); err != nil {
+		// Process immediately if:
+		// - No services/leader election is enabled, OR
+		// - WireGuard is enabled (it always needs immediate DNAT rule updates)
+		if (!p.config.EnableServicesElection && !p.config.EnableLeaderElection) || p.config.EnableWireguard {
+			if err := p.worker.processInstance(svcCtx, service); err != nil {
 				return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to process non-empty instance: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		// There are no local endpoints
-		p.worker.clear(ctx, lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, *cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+		if allowReconcileWithoutEndpoints {
+			// Explicit opt-in for controllers that create LoadBalancer services without endpoints
+			if err := p.startServiceHandlingIfNeeded(svcCtx, service, serviceFunc, wg, &les); err != nil {
+				return true, err
+			}
+			svcCtx.SignalReadiness()
+
+			if (!p.config.EnableServicesElection && !p.config.EnableLeaderElection) || p.config.EnableWireguard {
+				if err := p.worker.processInstance(svcCtx, service); err != nil {
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to process endpointless instance: %w", err)
+				}
+			}
+		} else if svcCtx.Signalled.Load() {
+			// There are no local endpoints
+			svcCtx.ResetReadiness()
+			p.worker.clear(svcCtx, lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service)
+			if p.config.EnableARP && !p.config.EnableServicesElection {
+				i := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *p.instances)
+				for _, c := range i.Clusters {
+					c.Stop()
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Set the service accordingly
-	p.updateAnnotations(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+	p.updateAnnotations(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint, clientSet, egressUpdateFunc)
 
 	log.Debug("watcher", "provider",
-		p.provider.GetLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "endpoints", len(endpoints), "last endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint, "active leader election", *leaderElectionActive)
+		p.provider.GetLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "endpoints", len(endpoints), "last endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
 
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) Delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
-	if err := p.worker.delete(service, id); err != nil {
+func (p *Processor) Delete(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+	if err := p.worker.delete(ctx, service, id); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error deleting service: %w", p.provider.GetLabel(), err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, endpoints []string, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool, cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+func (p *Processor) updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, endpoints []string, service *v1.Service) {
 	// if we haven't populated one, then do so
+	family := utils.IPv4Family
+	if service.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true" {
+		family = utils.IPv6Family
+	}
+
+	ep := getEndpoint(endpoints, family)
+
 	if *lastKnownGoodEndpoint == "" {
-		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
+		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = ep
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -121,45 +166,167 @@ func (p *Processor) updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, e
 	}
 	// If the last endpoint no longer exists, we cancel our leader Election, and set another endpoint as last known good
 	if !stillExists {
-		p.worker.removeEgress(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
-		if *leaderElectionActive && (p.config.EnableServicesElection || p.config.EnableLeaderElection) {
-			log.Warn("existing endpoint has been removed, restarting leaderElection", "provider", p.provider.GetLabel(), "endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
-			// Stop the existing leaderElection
-			cancel()
-			// disable last leaderElection flag
-			*leaderElectionActive = false
+		ip := net.ParseIP(*lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+		if (ip.To4() != nil && service.Annotations[kubevip.Egress] == "true") ||
+			(ip.To4() == nil && service.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true") {
+			p.worker.removeEgress(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
 		}
 		// Set our active endpoint to an existing one
-		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
+		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = ep
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) updateAnnotations(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string) {
+func (p *Processor) updateAnnotations(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string,
+	clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	egressUpdateFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) {
 	// Set the service accordingly
 	if service.Annotations[kubevip.Egress] == "true" {
-		activeEndpointAnnotation := kubevip.ActiveEndpoint
+		ip := net.ParseIP(*lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
 
-		if !p.config.EnableEndpoints && p.provider.GetProtocol() == string(discoveryv1.AddressTypeIPv6) {
-			activeEndpointAnnotation = kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6
+		// Store old values from ServiceSnapshot to detect if annotation actually changed
+		// We use the ServiceSnapshot instead of the service parameter because the service parameter
+		// may have stale annotations if the last update failed
+		var oldEndpoint, oldEndpointIPv6 string
+		if p.instances != nil {
+			serviceInstance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *p.instances)
+			if serviceInstance != nil {
+				oldEndpoint = serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint]
+				oldEndpointIPv6 = serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6]
+			}
+		}
+		// Fall back to service annotations if we couldn't find the instance
+		if oldEndpoint == "" && oldEndpointIPv6 == "" {
+			oldEndpoint = service.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint]
+			oldEndpointIPv6 = service.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6]
+		}
+
+		// Determine which annotation to update based on IP version
+		var endpoint, endpointIPv6 string
+		if ip.To4() == nil && !p.config.EnableEndpoints {
+			// IPv6
+			endpointIPv6 = *lastKnownGoodEndpoint
+			endpoint = oldEndpoint // Preserve existing IPv4 if any
+		} else {
+			// IPv4
+			endpoint = *lastKnownGoodEndpoint
+			endpointIPv6 = oldEndpointIPv6 // Preserve existing IPv6 if any
+		}
+
+		// Check if annotation actually changed
+		annotationChanged := (oldEndpoint != endpoint) || (oldEndpointIPv6 != endpointIPv6)
+		if !annotationChanged {
+			return // Nothing to do
+		}
+
+		// Persist to Kubernetes
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		if err := p.provider.UpdateServiceAnnotation(ctx, endpoint, endpointIPv6, service, clientSet); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("failed to update service annotation", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "err", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("updated active endpoint annotation", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+
+		// Trigger egress reconfiguration
+		// For services with leader election, the service watcher doesn't process Modified events
+		// after initial setup, so we need to directly call the update function
+		if egressUpdateFunc != nil {
+			// Create a copy of service with updated annotations
+			svcCopy := service.DeepCopy()
+			svcCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] = endpoint
+			svcCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6] = endpointIPv6
+
+			if err := egressUpdateFunc(ctx, svcCopy); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to reconfigure egress", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
 		}
-		service.Annotations[activeEndpointAnnotation] = *lastKnownGoodEndpoint
 	}
 }
 
-func startLeaderElection(ctx context.Context, leaderElectionActive *bool, service *v1.Service, serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) {
+func (p *Processor) startServiceHandlingIfNeeded(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service,
+	serviceFunc func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error, wg *sync.WaitGroup, les *atomic.Int64) error {
+	if p.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			les.Add(1)
+			p.startLeaderElection(svcCtx, service, serviceFunc, wg)
+		})
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if p.config.EnableARP || (p.config.EnableRoutingTable && p.config.EnableLeaderElection) {
+		if !svcCtx.Signalled.Load() {
+			inst := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *p.instances)
+			if inst == nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("[%s] failed to find an instance for service %s/%s", p.provider.GetLabel(), service.Namespace, service.Name)
+			}
+			for x := range inst.VIPConfigs {
+				log.Debug("starting loadbalancer for service", "name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "uid", service.UID)
+				if err := inst.Clusters[x].StartLoadBalancerService(svcCtx.Ctx, inst.VIPConfigs[x], p.bgpServer, lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service), wg); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("failed to start lb: %w", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) startLeaderElection(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, serviceFunc func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
 	// This is a blocking function, that will restart (in the event of failure)
 	for {
-		// if the context isn't cancelled restart
-		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
-			*leaderElectionActive = true
-			err := serviceFunc(ctx, service)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error(err.Error())
+		select {
+		case <-svcCtx.Ctx.Done():
+			return
+		default:
+			leaseNamespace, serviceLease := lease.ServiceName(service)
+			id := lease.NewID(p.config.LeaderElectionType, leaseNamespace, serviceLease)
+			l := p.leaseMgr.Get(id)
+			l.Lock()
+
+			if !l.Elected.Load() {
+				l.Unlock()
+				err := serviceFunc(svcCtx, service, wg, true)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error(err.Error())
+				}
+			} else {
+				l.Unlock()
+				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 200)
 			}
-			*leaderElectionActive = false
-		} else {
-			*leaderElectionActive = false
-			break
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func shouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(service *v1.Service) bool {
+	if service == nil || service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy != v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return strings.EqualFold(service.Annotations[kubevip.AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints], "true")
+}
+
+func hasV6(endpoints []string) bool {
+	for _, e := range endpoints {
+		ip := net.ParseIP(e)
+		if ip != nil {
+			if ip.To4() == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func getEndpoint(endpoints []string, family string) string {
+	for _, e := range endpoints {
+		ip := net.ParseIP(e)
+		if family == utils.IPv4Family && ip.To4() != nil {
+			return e
+		}
+		if family == utils.IPv6Family && ip.To4() == nil {
+			return e
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

pkg/endpoints/endpoints_bgp.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 )
@@ -23,20 +24,19 @@ func newBGP(generic generic, bgpServer *bgp.Server) endpointWorker {
 	}
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error {
+func (b *BGP) processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
 	if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *b.instances); instance != nil {
 		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				if !ctx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
+				if !svcCtx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
 					log.Debug("attempting to advertise BGP service", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-					err := b.bgpServer.AddHost(cluster.Network[i].CIDR())
+					err := b.bgpServer.AddHost(svcCtx.Ctx, cluster.Network[i].CIDR(), lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service))
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error("error adding BGP host", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "err", err)
 					} else {
 						log.Info("added BGP host", "provider",
 							b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].CIDR(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
-						*leaderElectionActive = true
+						svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -45,20 +45,19 @@ func (b *BGP) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service,
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) clear(ctx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+func (b *BGP) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service) {
 	if !b.config.EnableServicesElection && !b.config.EnableLeaderElection {
 		// If BGP mode is enabled - routes should be deleted
 		if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *b.instances); instance != nil {
 			for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
 				for i := range cluster.Network {
-					err := b.bgpServer.DelHost(cluster.Network[i].CIDR())
+					err := b.bgpServer.DelHost(svcCtx.Ctx, cluster.Network[i].CIDR(), lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service))
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error("deleting BGP host", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
 					} else {
 						log.Info("deleted BGP host", "provider",
 							b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Delete(cluster.Network[i])
-						*leaderElectionActive = false
+						svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Delete(cluster.Network[i].IP())
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -66,14 +65,18 @@ func (b *BGP) clear(ctx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string,
 		}
 	}
 
-	b.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+	b.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service)
+
+	if svcCtx.LeaderCancel != nil {
+		svcCtx.LeaderCancel()
+	}
 }
 
 func (b *BGP) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
 	return b.getAllEndpoints(service, id)
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+func (b *BGP) delete(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, id string) error {
 	// When no-leader-elecition mode
 	if !b.config.EnableServicesElection && !b.config.EnableLeaderElection {
 		// find all existing local endpoints
@@ -84,36 +87,40 @@ func (b *BGP) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
 
 		// If there were local endpoints deleted
 		if len(endpoints) > 0 {
-			b.deleteAction(service)
+			b.deleteAction(ctx, service)
 		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) deleteAction(service *v1.Service) {
-	b.clearBGPHosts(service)
+func (b *BGP) deleteAction(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service) {
+	b.clearBGPHosts(ctx, service)
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) clearBGPHosts(service *v1.Service) {
-	ClearBGPHosts(service, b.instances, b.bgpServer)
+func (b *BGP) clearBGPHosts(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service) {
+	ClearBGPHosts(ctx, service, b.instances, b.bgpServer)
 }
 
-func (b *BGP) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
+func (b *BGP) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ context.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func ClearBGPHosts(service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+func ClearBGPHosts(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
 	if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *instances); instance != nil {
-		ClearBGPHostsByInstance(instance, bgpServer)
+		ClearBGPHostsByInstance(ctx, instance, bgpServer)
 	}
 }
 
-func ClearBGPHostsByInstance(instance *instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+func ClearBGPHostsByInstance(ctx context.Context, instance *instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+	if instance == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to clear BGP host for nil instance")
+		return
+	}
 	for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
 		for i := range cluster.Network {
 			network := cluster.Network[i]
-			err := bgpServer.DelHost(network.CIDR())
+			err := bgpServer.DelHost(ctx, network.CIDR(), lease.ServiceNamespacedName(instance.ServiceSnapshot))
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("[endpoint] error deleting BGP host", "err", err)
 			} else {

pkg/endpoints/endpoints_generic.go

@@ -10,24 +10,31 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/wireguard"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 )
 
 type endpointWorker interface {
-	processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error
-	clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool)
+	processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service) error
+	clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service)
 	getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error)
 	removeEgress(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string)
-	delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error
-	setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error
+	delete(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, id string) error
+	setInstanceEndpointsStatus(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error
 }
 
-func newEndpointWorker(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server, instances *[]*instance.Instance) endpointWorker {
-	generic := newGeneric(config, provider, instances)
+func newEndpointWorker(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server, instances *[]*instance.Instance,
+	leaseMgr *lease.Manager, tunnelMgr *wireguard.TunnelManager, routeMgr *route.Manager) endpointWorker {
+	generic := newGeneric(config, provider, instances, leaseMgr)
 
+	if config.EnableWireguard {
+		return newWireguardWorker(config, provider, bgpServer, instances, leaseMgr, tunnelMgr)
+	}
 	if config.EnableRoutingTable {
-		return newRoutingTable(generic)
+		return newRoutingTable(generic, routeMgr)
 	}
 	if config.EnableBGP {
 		return newBGP(generic, bgpServer)
@@ -40,60 +47,49 @@ type generic struct {
 	config    *kubevip.Config
 	provider  providers.Provider
 	instances *[]*instance.Instance
+	leaseMgr  *lease.Manager
 }
 
-func newGeneric(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, instances *[]*instance.Instance) generic {
+func newGeneric(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, instances *[]*instance.Instance, leaseMgr *lease.Manager) generic {
 	return generic{
 		config:    config,
 		provider:  provider,
 		instances: instances,
+		leaseMgr:  leaseMgr,
 	}
 }
 
-func (g *generic) processInstance(_ *servicecontext.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ *bool) error {
+func (g *generic) processInstance(_ *servicecontext.Context, _ *v1.Service) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (g *generic) clear(_ *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
-	g.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+func (g *generic) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service) {
+	g.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service)
+	if svcCtx.LeaderCancel != nil {
+		svcCtx.LeaderCancel()
+	}
 }
 
-func (g *generic) clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+func (g *generic) clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service) {
 	if *lastKnownGoodEndpoint != "" {
-		log.Warn("existing  endpoint has been removed, no remaining endpoints for leaderElection", "provider", g.provider.GetLabel(), "endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+		log.Warn("existing endpoint has been removed, no remaining endpoints for leaderElection", "provider", g.provider.GetLabel(), "endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
 		if err := egress.Teardown(*lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service.Spec.LoadBalancerIP, service.Namespace, string(service.UID), service.Annotations, g.config.EgressWithNftables); err != nil {
 			log.Error("error removing redundant egress rules", "err", err)
 		}
 
 		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = "" // reset endpoint
-		if g.config.EnableServicesElection || g.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-			cancel() // stop services watcher
-		}
-		*leaderElectionActive = false
 	}
 }
 
-func (g *generic) getEndpoints(_ *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
-	return g.getLocalEndpoints(id)
-}
-
-func (g *generic) getLocalEndpoints(id string) ([]string, error) {
-	// Build endpoints
-	var endpoints []string
-	var err error
-	if endpoints, err = g.provider.GetLocalEndpoints(id, g.config); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting local endpoints: %w", g.provider.GetLabel(), err)
-	}
-
-	return endpoints, nil
+func (g *generic) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	return g.getAllEndpoints(service, id)
 }
 
 func (g *generic) getAllEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
 	// Build endpoints
 	var err error
 	var endpoints []string
-	if !g.config.EnableLeaderElection && !g.config.EnableServicesElection &&
-		service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
+	if service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
 		if endpoints, err = g.provider.GetAllEndpoints(); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting all endpoints: %w", g.provider.GetLabel(), err)
 		}
@@ -109,10 +105,10 @@ func (g *generic) getAllEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, err
 func (g *generic) removeEgress(_ *v1.Service, _ *string) {
 }
 
-func (g *generic) delete(_ *v1.Service, _ string) error {
+func (g *generic) delete(_ context.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (g *generic) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
+func (g *generic) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ context.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
 	return nil
 }

pkg/endpoints/endpoints_routing_table.go

@@ -2,64 +2,46 @@ package endpoints
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"syscall"
+	"sync"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/egress"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 )
 
 type RoutingTable struct {
 	generic
+	mtx      sync.Mutex
+	routeMgr *route.Manager
 }
 
-func newRoutingTable(generic generic) endpointWorker {
+func newRoutingTable(generic generic, routeMgr *route.Manager) endpointWorker {
 	return &RoutingTable{
-		generic: generic,
+		generic:  generic,
+		routeMgr: routeMgr,
 	}
 }
 
-func (rt *RoutingTable) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error {
-	instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *rt.instances)
-	if instance != nil {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+func (rt *RoutingTable) processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
+	inst := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *rt.instances)
+	if inst != nil {
+		for _, cluster := range inst.Clusters {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				if !ctx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) && cluster.Network[i].HasEndpoints() {
-					err := cluster.Network[i].AddRoute(false)
-					if err != nil {
-						if errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
-							// If route exists, but protocol is not set (e.g. the route was created by the older version
-							// of kube-vip) try to update it if necessary
-							isUpdated, err := cluster.Network[i].UpdateRoutes()
-							if err != nil {
-								return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error updating existing routes: %w", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err)
-							}
-							if isUpdated {
-								log.Info("updated route", "provider",
-									rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
-									service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
-							} else {
-								log.Info("route already present", "provider",
-									rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
-									service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
-							}
-						} else {
-							// If other error occurs, return error
-							return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error adding route: %s", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err.Error())
-						}
+				if !svcCtx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) && cluster.Network[i].HasEndpoints() {
+					if err := rt.routeMgr.Add(lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service), cluster.Network[i], false, true); err != nil {
+						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error adding route: %s", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err.Error())
 					} else {
 						log.Info("added route", "provider",
 							rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
 							service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
-						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
-						*leaderElectionActive = true
+						svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -69,9 +51,11 @@ func (rt *RoutingTable) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (rt *RoutingTable) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
-	if !rt.config.EnableServicesElection && !rt.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-		if errs := ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances); len(errs) == 0 {
+func (rt *RoutingTable) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service) {
+	rt.mtx.Lock()
+	defer rt.mtx.Unlock()
+	if !rt.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		if errs := ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances, rt.routeMgr); len(errs) == 0 {
 			svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Clear()
 		} else {
 			for _, err := range errs {
@@ -80,7 +64,11 @@ func (rt *RoutingTable) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpo
 		}
 	}
 
-	rt.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+	rt.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service)
+
+	if svcCtx.LeaderCancel != nil {
+		svcCtx.LeaderCancel()
+	}
 }
 
 func (rt *RoutingTable) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
@@ -94,7 +82,7 @@ func (rt *RoutingTable) removeEgress(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint
 	}
 }
 
-func (rt *RoutingTable) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+func (rt *RoutingTable) delete(_ context.Context, service *v1.Service, id string) error {
 	// When no-leader-elecition mode
 	if !rt.config.EnableServicesElection && !rt.config.EnableLeaderElection {
 		// find all existing local endpoints
@@ -113,23 +101,27 @@ func (rt *RoutingTable) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
 }
 
 func (rt *RoutingTable) deleteAction(service *v1.Service) {
-	ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances)
+	ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances, rt.routeMgr)
 }
 
-func (rt *RoutingTable) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error {
-	instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *rt.instances)
-	if instance == nil {
-		log.Error("failed to find the instance", "service", service.UID, "provider", rt.provider.GetLabel())
+func (rt *RoutingTable) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error {
+	inst := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *rt.instances)
+	if inst == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to find the instance", "namespace", service.Namespace, "name", service.Name, "uid", service.UID, "provider", rt.provider.GetLabel())
 	} else {
-		for _, c := range instance.Clusters {
+		for _, c := range inst.Clusters {
 			for n := range c.Network {
 				// if there are no endpoints set HasEndpoints false just in case
 				if len(endpoints) < 1 {
 					c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(false)
-				}
-				// check if endpoint are available and are of same IP family as service
-				if len(endpoints) > 0 && ((net.ParseIP(c.Network[n].IP()).To4() == nil) == (net.ParseIP(endpoints[0]).To4() == nil)) {
-					c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(true)
+				} else {
+					// check if endpoint are available and are of same IP family as service
+					for _, ep := range endpoints {
+						if (net.ParseIP(c.Network[n].IP()).To4() == nil) == (net.ParseIP(ep).To4() == nil) {
+							c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(true)
+							break
+						}
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -138,41 +130,32 @@ func (rt *RoutingTable) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service *v1.Service, endpoint
 	return nil
 }
 
-func ClearRoutes(service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance) []error {
+func ClearRoutes(service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance, routeMgr *route.Manager) []error {
 	errs := []error{}
-	if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *instances); instance != nil {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				route := cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute()
-				// check if route we are about to delete is not referenced by more than one service
-				if CountRouteReferences(route, instances) <= 1 {
-					err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
-					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
-						log.Error("failed to delete route", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
-						errs = append(errs, err)
-					}
-					log.Debug("deleted route", "ip",
-						cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
-				}
-			}
-		}
+	if svcInst := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *instances); svcInst != nil {
+		clearErrs := ClearRoutesByInstance(service, svcInst, instances, routeMgr)
+		errs = append(errs, clearErrs...)
 	}
 	return errs
 }
 
-func CountRouteReferences(route *netlink.Route, instances *[]*instance.Instance) int {
-	cnt := 0
-	for _, instance := range *instances {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
-			for n := range cluster.Network {
-				if cluster.Network[n].HasEndpoints() {
-					r := cluster.Network[n].PrepareRoute()
-					if r.Dst.String() == route.Dst.String() {
-						cnt++
-					}
-				}
+func ClearRoutesByInstance(service *v1.Service, svcInst *instance.Instance, instances *[]*instance.Instance, routeMgr *route.Manager) []error {
+	if svcInst == nil {
+		return []error{fmt.Errorf("failed to remove routes for nil instance of service %s/%s, uid: %s", service.Namespace, service.Name, service.UID)}
+	}
+	errs := []error{}
+	for _, cluster := range svcInst.Clusters {
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			err := routeMgr.Delete(lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service), cluster.Network[i])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to delete route", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+				errs = append(errs, err)
 			}
+			log.Debug("deleted route", "ip",
+				cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+
 		}
 	}
-	return cnt
+
+	return errs
 }

pkg/endpoints/endpoints_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	discoveryv1 "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+)
+
+func TestShouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
+	if shouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(nil) {
+		t.Fatal("nil service should not be allowed")
+	}
+
+	clusterOptIn := &v1.Service{
+		Spec:       v1.ServiceSpec{ExternalTrafficPolicy: v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster},
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Annotations: map[string]string{kubevip.AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints: "true"}},
+	}
+	if !shouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(clusterOptIn) {
+		t.Fatal("cluster service with opt-in annotation should be allowed")
+	}
+
+	localOptIn := &v1.Service{
+		Spec:       v1.ServiceSpec{ExternalTrafficPolicy: v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal},
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Annotations: map[string]string{kubevip.AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints: "true"}},
+	}
+	if shouldAllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints(localOptIn) {
+		t.Fatal("local service should not be allowed")
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeWorker struct {
+	endpoints     []string
+	clearCalled   bool
+	processCalled bool
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWorker) processInstance(_ *servicecontext.Context, _ *v1.Service) error {
+	f.processCalled = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWorker) clear(_ *servicecontext.Context, _ *string, _ *v1.Service) {
+	f.clearCalled = true
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWorker) getEndpoints(_ *v1.Service, _ string) ([]string, error) { return f.endpoints, nil }
+func (f *fakeWorker) removeEgress(_ *v1.Service, _ *string)                  {}
+func (f *fakeWorker) delete(_ context.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+func (f *fakeWorker) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ context.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestAddOrModify_ZeroEndpointsBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	run := func(t *testing.T, service *v1.Service, presetSignalled bool, expectReady bool, expectClear bool, expectProcess bool) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		worker := &fakeWorker{endpoints: []string{}}
+		p := &Processor{
+			config:   &kubevip.Config{},
+			provider: providers.NewEndpointslices(),
+			worker:   worker,
+		}
+
+		svcCtx := servicecontext.New(context.Background())
+		if presetSignalled {
+			svcCtx.SignalReadiness()
+		}
+
+		restart, err := p.AddOrModify(
+			svcCtx,
+			watch.Event{Type: watch.Modified, Object: &discoveryv1.EndpointSlice{}},
+			new(string),
+			service,
+			"node-1",
+			func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error { return nil },
+			&sync.WaitGroup{},
+			nil,
+			nil,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("AddOrModify returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if restart {
+			t.Fatal("AddOrModify unexpectedly requested restart")
+		}
+
+		if ready := svcCtx.Signalled.Load(); ready != expectReady {
+			t.Fatalf("readiness mismatch: expected %v, got %v", expectReady, ready)
+		}
+		if worker.clearCalled != expectClear {
+			t.Fatalf("clearCalled mismatch: expected %v, got %v", expectClear, worker.clearCalled)
+		}
+		if worker.processCalled != expectProcess {
+			t.Fatalf("processCalled mismatch: expected %v, got %v", expectProcess, worker.processCalled)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("cluster opt-in keeps readiness and skips clear", func(t *testing.T) {
+		service := &v1.Service{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Annotations: map[string]string{kubevip.AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints: "true"}},
+			Spec:       v1.ServiceSpec{ExternalTrafficPolicy: v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster},
+		}
+		run(t, service, false, true, false, true)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cluster without opt-in resets and clears when pre-signalled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		service := &v1.Service{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Annotations: map[string]string{}},
+			Spec:       v1.ServiceSpec{ExternalTrafficPolicy: v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster},
+		}
+		run(t, service, true, false, true, false)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("local opt-in still resets and clears when pre-signalled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		service := &v1.Service{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Annotations: map[string]string{kubevip.AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints: "true"}},
+			Spec:       v1.ServiceSpec{ExternalTrafficPolicy: v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal},
+		}
+		run(t, service, true, false, true, false)
+	})
+}

pkg/endpoints/endpoints_wireguard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/wireguard"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// wireguardWorker handles endpoint changes for WireGuard-based services
+type wireguardWorker struct {
+	config    *kubevip.Config
+	provider  providers.Provider
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance
+	leaseMgr  *lease.Manager
+	tunnelMgr *wireguard.TunnelManager
+}
+
+func newWireguardWorker(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server,
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, tunnelMgr *wireguard.TunnelManager) *wireguardWorker {
+	return &wireguardWorker{
+		config:    config,
+		provider:  provider,
+		bgpServer: bgpServer,
+		instances: instances,
+		leaseMgr:  leaseMgr,
+		tunnelMgr: tunnelMgr,
+	}
+}
+
+// processInstance updates nftables DNAT rules when endpoints change
+// This is called by the endpoint watcher when endpoints are added/modified
+func (w *wireguardWorker) processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
+	log.Debug("[wireguard] processing instance for endpoint change", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+
+	// Get the target endpoint for this service
+	// For ExternalTrafficPolicy=Local, only use local endpoints
+	// For ExternalTrafficPolicy=Cluster, use all endpoints
+	var endpoints []string
+	var err error
+	if service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
+		endpoints, err = w.provider.GetLocalEndpoints(w.config.NodeName, w.config)
+	} else {
+		endpoints, err = w.provider.GetAllEndpoints()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get endpoints: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(endpoints) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("[wireguard] no endpoints available", "service", service.Name)
+		w.clear(svcCtx, nil, service)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Find the service processor to call updateServiceWireguardEndpoints
+	// Note: This requires access to the service processor which we don't have here
+	// So we'll recreate the DNAT rules directly
+
+	// First, clear existing rules
+	w.clear(svcCtx, nil, service)
+
+	// Get service VIPs
+	serviceIPs, err := utils.FetchServiceIPs(service)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get service IPs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create service identifier
+	serviceID := utils.SanitizeServiceID(fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", service.Namespace, service.Name))
+
+	log.Info("[wireguard] updating DNAT rules for endpoint change",
+		"service", service.Name,
+		"namespace", service.Namespace,
+		"endpoints", endpoints,
+		"vips", serviceIPs)
+
+	// Update DNAT rules for each port
+	for _, port := range service.Spec.Ports {
+		// Determine target port (resolve named ports if necessary)
+		targetPort := w.provider.ResolvePort(port)
+		log.Info("[wireguard] resolved port", "service", service.Name, "servicePort", port.Port, "targetPort", targetPort, "targetPortName", port.TargetPort.StrVal)
+
+		// Build targets list from all endpoints
+		targets := make([]nftables.DNATTarget, len(endpoints))
+		for i, ep := range endpoints {
+			targets[i] = nftables.DNATTarget{
+				IP:   ep,
+				Port: uint16(targetPort), //nolint:gosec // Port range validated by Kubernetes
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, vip := range serviceIPs {
+			// Strip CIDR notation if present
+			vipAddr := utils.StripCIDR(vip)
+
+			// Get WireGuard interface name from TunnelManager for this VIP
+			if w.tunnelMgr == nil {
+				log.Error("[wireguard] TunnelManager not configured; cannot update DNAT rules",
+					"service", service.Name,
+					"namespace", service.Namespace)
+				return fmt.Errorf("TunnelManager not configured")
+			}
+			tunnelConfig := w.tunnelMgr.GetConfigForVIP(vipAddr)
+			if tunnelConfig == nil {
+				log.Error("[wireguard] WireGuard interface name not configured; cannot update DNAT rules",
+					"service", service.Name,
+					"namespace", service.Namespace,
+					"vip", vipAddr)
+				return fmt.Errorf("wireguard interface name not configured for VIP %s", vipAddr)
+			}
+			wgInterface := tunnelConfig.InterfaceName
+
+			portServiceID := fmt.Sprintf("%s_p%d", serviceID, port.Port)
+
+			log.Info("[wireguard] applying DNAT rule with load balancing",
+				"service", service.Name,
+				"vip", vipAddr,
+				"interface", wgInterface,
+				"sourcePort", port.Port,
+				"targets", targets,
+				"chainID", portServiceID)
+
+			// Apply the DNAT rule with load balancing across all endpoints
+			// localEndpoint=true when using ExternalTrafficPolicy=Local, which preserves client source IP
+			isLocalEndpoint := service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal
+			err := nftables.ApplyDNAT(
+				wgInterface,
+				vipAddr,
+				uint16(port.Port), //nolint:gosec // Port range validated by Kubernetes
+				targets,
+				portServiceID,
+				port.Protocol,
+				isLocalEndpoint,
+				tunnelConfig.ListenPort,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[wireguard] failed to update DNAT rule",
+					"service", service.Name,
+					"vip", vipAddr,
+					"port", port.Port,
+					"err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			log.Debug("[wireguard] DNAT rule updated successfully",
+				"service", service.Name,
+				"vip", vipAddr,
+				"port", port.Port,
+				"targetCount", len(targets))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// clear removes DNAT rules when no endpoints are available
+func (w *wireguardWorker) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service) {
+	log.Info("[wireguard] clearing DNAT rules (no endpoints)", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+
+	serviceID := utils.SanitizeServiceID(fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", service.Namespace, service.Name))
+
+	// Get service IPs to determine IPv4 vs IPv6
+	serviceIPs, _ := utils.FetchServiceIPs(service)
+
+	// Delete DNAT chains for each port
+	for _, port := range service.Spec.Ports {
+		if port.Protocol != v1.ProtocolTCP && port.Protocol != v1.ProtocolUDP {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		portServiceID := fmt.Sprintf("%s_p%d", serviceID, port.Port)
+
+		// Determine if we have IPv4 or IPv6
+		hasIPv4, hasIPv6 := false, false
+		for _, vip := range serviceIPs {
+			if isIPv6Address(vip) {
+				hasIPv6 = true
+			} else {
+				hasIPv4 = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if hasIPv4 {
+			if err := nftables.DeleteIngressChains(false, portServiceID); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[wireguard] failed to delete IPv4 DNAT chains",
+					"service", service.Name,
+					"port", port.Port,
+					"err", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if hasIPv6 {
+			if err := nftables.DeleteIngressChains(true, portServiceID); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[wireguard] failed to delete IPv6 DNAT chains",
+					"service", service.Name,
+					"port", port.Port,
+					"err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if svcCtx.LeaderCancel != nil {
+		svcCtx.LeaderCancel()
+	}
+}
+
+// getEndpoints retrieves the list of endpoints for a service
+// For ExternalTrafficPolicy=Local, only local endpoints are returned
+// For ExternalTrafficPolicy=Cluster, all endpoints are returned
+func (w *wireguardWorker) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	var endpoints []string
+	var err error
+	if service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
+		endpoints, err = w.provider.GetLocalEndpoints(id, w.config)
+	} else {
+		endpoints, err = w.provider.GetAllEndpoints()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[wireguard] failed to get endpoints: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("[wireguard] retrieved endpoints", "service", service.Name, "count", len(endpoints), "endpoints", endpoints)
+	return endpoints, nil
+}
+
+// removeEgress is a no-op for WireGuard since egress is handled separately
+func (w *wireguardWorker) removeEgress(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string) {
+	// WireGuard doesn't use egress in the same way as other modes
+	log.Debug("[wireguard] removeEgress called (no-op)", "service", service.Name)
+}
+
+// delete removes all DNAT rules for a service
+func (w *wireguardWorker) delete(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+	log.Info("[wireguard] deleting DNAT rules for service", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+
+	w.clear(nil, nil, service)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setInstanceEndpointsStatus updates the endpoint status on the service instance
+func (w *wireguardWorker) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ context.Context, service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error {
+	hasEndpoints := len(endpoints) > 0
+
+	log.Debug("[wireguard] setting instance endpoint status",
+		"service", service.Name,
+		"hasEndpoints", hasEndpoints,
+		"endpointCount", len(endpoints))
+
+	// Find the service instance
+	for _, inst := range *w.instances {
+		if inst.ServiceSnapshot == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if inst.ServiceSnapshot.UID == service.UID {
+			// Update the network status for all clusters
+			for _, cluster := range inst.Clusters {
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					cluster.Network[i].SetHasEndpoints(hasEndpoints)
+				}
+			}
+			log.Debug("[wireguard] updated instance endpoint status",
+				"service", service.Name,
+				"hasEndpoints", hasEndpoints)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("[wireguard] instance not found for endpoint status update", "service", service.Name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isIPv6Address(ip string) bool {
+	// Strip CIDR notation if present before checking
+	addr := utils.StripCIDR(ip)
+	return utils.IsIPv6(addr)
+}

pkg/endpoints/providers/endpoints.go

@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ func (ep *Endpoints) GetLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string,
 	return localEndpoints, nil
 }
 
-func (ep *Endpoints) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint string, _ string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
+func (ep *Endpoints) UpdateServiceAnnotation(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, _ string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
 	retryErr := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
 		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
 		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
-		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(ctx, service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (ep *Endpoints) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint string, _ string, service
 
 		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] = endpoint
 
-		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(ctx, currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("error updating Service Spec", "label", ep.GetLabel(), "name", currentServiceCopy.Name, "err", err)
 			return err
@@ -132,6 +132,15 @@ func (ep *Endpoints) GetLabel() string {
 	return ep.label
 }
 
-func (ep *Endpoints) GetProtocol() string {
-	return ""
+func (ep *Endpoints) ResolvePort(servicePort v1.ServicePort) int32 {
+	return ResolvePortWithLookup(servicePort, func(name string) int32 {
+		for _, subset := range ep.endpoints.Subsets {
+			for _, p := range subset.Ports {
+				if p.Name == name {
+					return p.Port
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return 0
+	})
 }

pkg/endpoints/providers/endpointslices.go

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Endpointslices struct {
-	label     string
-	endpoints *discoveryv1.EndpointSlice
+	label       string
+	endpointsv4 []discoveryv1.Endpoint
+	endpointsv6 []discoveryv1.Endpoint
+	ports       []discoveryv1.EndpointPort
 }
 
 func NewEndpointslices() Provider {
@@ -56,27 +58,42 @@ func (ep *Endpointslices) LoadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel context.Ca
 		cancel()
 		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error casting endpoints to v1.Endpoints struct", ep.label)
 	}
-	ep.endpoints = eps
+
+	if eps.AddressType == discoveryv1.AddressTypeIPv6 {
+		ep.endpointsv6 = eps.Endpoints
+	} else {
+		ep.endpointsv4 = eps.Endpoints
+	}
+
+	// Store ports for resolving named ports
+	ep.ports = eps.Ports
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (ep *Endpointslices) GetAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
 	result := []string{}
-	for _, ep := range ep.endpoints.Endpoints {
-		result = append(result, ep.Addresses...)
+	for _, e := range ep.endpointsv4 {
+		result = append(result, e.Addresses...)
+	}
+	for _, e := range ep.endpointsv6 {
+		result = append(result, e.Addresses...)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
 
 func (ep *Endpointslices) GetLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error) {
 	var localEndpoints []string
-	for _, endpoint := range ep.endpoints.Endpoints {
-		if !*endpoint.Conditions.Serving {
+	tmpEps := []discoveryv1.Endpoint{}
+
+	tmpEps = append(tmpEps, ep.endpointsv4...)
+	tmpEps = append(tmpEps, ep.endpointsv6...)
+
+	for _, endpoint := range tmpEps {
+		if endpoint.Conditions.Serving == nil || !*endpoint.Conditions.Serving {
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, address := range endpoint.Addresses {
-			log.Debug("processing endpoint", "provider", ep.label, "ip", address)
-
 			// 1. Compare the Nodename
 			if endpoint.NodeName != nil && id == *endpoint.NodeName {
 				if endpoint.Hostname != nil {
@@ -98,11 +115,11 @@ func (ep *Endpointslices) GetLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]str
 	return localEndpoints, nil
 }
 
-func (ep *Endpointslices) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6 string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) UpdateServiceAnnotation(ctx context.Context, endpoint, endpointIPv6 string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
 	retryErr := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
 		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
 		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
-		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(ctx, service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -115,7 +132,7 @@ func (ep *Endpointslices) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6 string,
 		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] = endpoint
 		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6] = endpointIPv6
 
-		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(ctx, currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("error updating Service Spec", "provider", ep.label, "service name", currentServiceCopy.Name, "err", err)
 			return err
@@ -134,6 +151,13 @@ func (ep *Endpointslices) GetLabel() string {
 	return ep.label
 }
 
-func (ep *Endpointslices) GetProtocol() string {
-	return string(ep.endpoints.AddressType)
+func (ep *Endpointslices) ResolvePort(servicePort v1.ServicePort) int32 {
+	return ResolvePortWithLookup(servicePort, func(name string) int32 {
+		for _, p := range ep.ports {
+			if p.Name != nil && *p.Name == name && p.Port != nil {
+				return *p.Port
+			}
+		}
+		return 0
+	})
 }

pkg/endpoints/providers/interface.go

@@ -16,7 +16,24 @@ type Provider interface {
 	GetAllEndpoints() ([]string, error)
 	GetLocalEndpoints(string, *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error)
 	GetLabel() string
-	UpdateServiceAnnotation(string, string, *v1.Service, *kubernetes.Clientset) error
+	UpdateServiceAnnotation(context.Context, string, string, *v1.Service, *kubernetes.Clientset) error
 	LoadObject(runtime.Object, context.CancelFunc) error
-	GetProtocol() string
+	// ResolvePort resolves a service port to the actual target port.
+	// For named ports, it looks up the port number from the endpoint.
+	// For numeric ports, it returns the port as-is.
+	ResolvePort(servicePort v1.ServicePort) int32
+}
+
+// ResolvePortWithLookup is a helper that resolves a service port using a lookup function
+// for named ports. This consolidates the common resolution logic.
+func ResolvePortWithLookup(servicePort v1.ServicePort, lookupNamedPort func(string) int32) int32 {
+	if servicePort.TargetPort.IntVal != 0 {
+		return servicePort.TargetPort.IntVal
+	}
+	if servicePort.TargetPort.StrVal != "" {
+		if port := lookupNamedPort(servicePort.TargetPort.StrVal); port != 0 {
+			return port
+		}
+	}
+	return servicePort.Port
 }

pkg/etcd/election.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package etcd
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"hash/fnv"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
@@ -64,10 +66,11 @@ type ClientConfig struct {
 }
 
 // RunElectionOrDie behaves the same way as RunElection but panics if there is an error.
-func RunElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, config *LeaderElectionConfig) {
+func RunElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, config *LeaderElectionConfig) error {
 	if err := RunElection(ctx, config); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("leaderelection error: %w", err)
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // RunElection starts a client with the provided config or panics.
@@ -116,7 +119,12 @@ func RunElection(ctx context.Context, config *LeaderElectionConfig) error {
 		leaseTTL:       lease.TTL,
 	}
 
-	go m.tryToBeLeader(ctx)
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		m.tryToBeLeader(ctx, &wg)
+	})
 	m.watchLeaderChanges(ctx)
 
 	return nil
@@ -185,7 +193,7 @@ watcher:
 	log.Debug("Exiting watcher", "id", m.memberID)
 }
 
-func (m *member) tryToBeLeader(ctx context.Context) {
+func (m *member) tryToBeLeader(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
 	if err := m.election.Campaign(ctx, m.memberID); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed trying to become the leader", "err", err)
 		// Resign just in case we acquired leadership just before failing
@@ -204,7 +212,9 @@ func (m *member) tryToBeLeader(ctx context.Context) {
 	m.weAreTheLeader <- struct{}{}
 
 	// Once we are the leader, start the routine to resign if context is canceled
-	go m.resignOnCancel(ctx)
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		m.resignOnCancel(ctx)
+	})
 
 	// After becoming the leader, we wait for at least a lease TTL to wait for
 	// the previous leader to detect the new leadership (if there was one) and
@@ -221,7 +231,7 @@ func (m *member) tryToBeLeader(ctx context.Context) {
 
 func (m *member) resignOnCancel(ctx context.Context) {
 	<-ctx.Done()
-	if err := m.election.Resign(m.client.Ctx()); err != nil {
+	if err := m.election.Resign(m.client.Ctx()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 		log.Error("Failed to resign after the context was canceled", "err", err)
 	}
 }

pkg/etcd/election_test.go

@@ -20,19 +20,26 @@ import (
 func TestRunElectionWithMemberIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	g := NewWithT(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
 	cli := client(g)
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	electionName := randomElectionNameForTest("memberIDConflict")
 	log.Printf("Election name %s\n", electionName)
 	memberCtx, cancelMember1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	// Use a channel to signal when the first member has observed a new leader
+	// This ensures proper ordering without relying on sleep timing
+	firstMemberObservedLeader := make(chan struct{})
+	var firstMemberObservedOnce sync.Once
+
 	config := &etcd.LeaderElectionConfig{
 		EtcdConfig: etcd.ClientConfig{
 			Client: cli,
 		},
 		Name:                 electionName,
-		MemberID:             "my-host",
+		MemberID:             randomElectionNameForTest("my-host"),
 		LeaseDurationSeconds: 1,
 		Callbacks: etcd.LeaderCallbacks{
 			OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
@@ -42,6 +49,11 @@ func TestRunElectionWithMemberIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
 				log.Printf("New leader: %s\n", identity)
+				// Signal that the first member has observed a leader
+				// This means the lease has been created
+				firstMemberObservedOnce.Do(func() {
+					close(firstMemberObservedLeader)
+				})
 			},
 			OnStoppedLeading: func() {
 				log.Println("I'm not the leader anymore")
@@ -59,8 +71,18 @@ func TestRunElectionWithMemberIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
-		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 50) // make sure the first one becomes leader
-		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(ctx, config)).Should(MatchError(ContainSubstring("creating lease")))
+		// Wait for the first member to observe a leader, which means the lease has been created
+		select {
+		case <-firstMemberObservedLeader:
+			// First member has created the lease, now try to create a conflicting one
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for first member to observe leader")
+			return
+		}
+		// Use a cancellable context to prevent hanging if this goroutine unexpectedly succeeds
+		member2Ctx, cancelMember2 := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancelMember2()
+		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(member2Ctx, config)).Should(MatchError(ContainSubstring("creating lease")))
 	}()
 
 	wg.Wait()
@@ -69,7 +91,8 @@ func TestRunElectionWithMemberIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRunElectionWithTwoMembersAndReelection(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	g := NewWithT(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
 	cli := client(g)
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -85,24 +108,27 @@ func TestRunElectionWithTwoMembersAndReelection(t *testing.T) {
 		LeaseDurationSeconds: 1,
 	}
 
-	member1Ctx, _ := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	member1Ctx, cancelMember1 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	member2Ctx, cancelMember2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
 	config1 := configBase
 	config1.EtcdConfig.Client = cliMember1
-	config1.MemberID = "my-host"
+	config1.MemberID = randomElectionNameForTest("my-host")
 	uniqueID := rand.Uint64()
 	config1.MemberUniqueID = &uniqueID
 	config1.Callbacks = baseCallbacksForName(config1.MemberID)
+	syncMembers := make(chan (any))
 	config1.Callbacks.OnStartedLeading = func(_ context.Context) {
 		log.Println("I'm my-host, the new leader!!!!")
+		close(syncMembers)
 		log.Println("Losing the leadership on purpose by stopping renewing the lease")
 		g.Expect(cliMember1.Lease.Close()).To(Succeed())
 		log.Println("Member1 leases closed")
+		cancelMember1()
 	}
 
 	config2 := configBase
-	config2.MemberID = "my-other-host"
+	config2.MemberID = randomElectionNameForTest("my-other-host")
 	config2.Callbacks = baseCallbacksForName(config2.MemberID)
 	config2.Callbacks.OnStartedLeading = func(_ context.Context) {
 		log.Println("I'm my-other-host, the new leader!!!!")
@@ -116,17 +142,18 @@ func TestRunElectionWithTwoMembersAndReelection(t *testing.T) {
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
 		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(member1Ctx, &config1)).To(Succeed())
-		log.Println("Member1 routine done")
+		log.Printf("%s routine done\n", config1.MemberID)
 	}()
 
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
-		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 50) // Make sure member1 becomes leader
+		<-syncMembers
 		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(member2Ctx, &config2)).To(Succeed())
-		log.Println("Member2 routine done")
+		log.Printf("%s routine done\n", config2.MemberID)
 	}()
 
 	wg.Wait()
+
 }
 
 func baseCallbacksForName(name string) etcd.LeaderCallbacks {

pkg/etcd/etcd_suite_test.go

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ const (
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
 	expectSuccess(startEtcd(ctx), "starting etcd")
 
 	os.Exit(runTestsWithCleanup(m, func() {

pkg/instance/instance.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package instance
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 
-	"log/slog"
 	log "log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
@@ -16,7 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/sysctl"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )
 
@@ -29,18 +34,37 @@ type Instance struct {
 	Clusters []*cluster.Cluster
 
 	// Service uses DHCP
-	IsDHCP              bool
+	IsDHCPv4            bool
+	IsDHCPv6            bool
 	DHCPInterface       string
 	DHCPInterfaceHwaddr string
 	DHCPInterfaceIP     string
+	DHCPInterfaceIPv4   string
+	DHCPInterfaceIPv6   string
 	DHCPHostname        string
-	DHCPClient          *vip.DHCPClient
+	DHCPv4Client        vip.DHCPClient
+	DHCPv6Client        vip.DHCPClient
+	macvlanName         string
+	dhcpBroadcast       bool
+
+	// Service use Vlan
+	IsVLAN        bool
+	VLANInterface string
 
 	// External Gateway IP the service is forwarded from
 	UPNPGatewayIPs []string
 
 	// Kubernetes service mapping
 	ServiceSnapshot *v1.Service
+
+	dnsAddresses []string
+
+	// AddCalled determined that ActionAdd was already performed for the instance
+	AddCalled bool
+
+	// LabelAdded determined that node was labeled with
+	// service-provided.kube-vip.io label
+	LabelAdded bool
 }
 
 type Port struct {
@@ -48,18 +72,42 @@ type Port struct {
 	Type string
 }
 
-func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager) (*Instance, error) {
-	instanceAddresses := FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-	//instanceUID := string(svc.UID)
+func NewInstance(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config,
+	intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager, routeMgr *route.Manager,
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler, wg *sync.WaitGroup) (*Instance, error) {
+	instanceAddresses, instanceHostnames := FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+	log.Info("new instance", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "service", svc.Name, "addresses", instanceAddresses, "hostnames", instanceHostnames)
 
 	var newVips []*kubevip.Config
 	var link netlink.Link
 	var err error
+	var dnsAddresses []string
+
+	// Create new service
+	instance := &Instance{
+		ServiceSnapshot: svc,
+		dnsAddresses:    dnsAddresses,
+	}
 
 	for _, address := range instanceAddresses {
 		// Detect if we're using a specific interface for services
 		var svcInterface string
-		svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceInterface] // If the service has a specific interface defined, then use it
+
+		svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceVlan]
+		if svcInterface != "" {
+			parent, tag, err := utils.ParseVLANInterface(svcInterface)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to validate VLAN", "err", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := instance.addVLAN(parent, tag); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to create VLAN", "err", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// If no vlan defined use specific interface from annotation
+			svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceInterface]
+		}
+
 		if svcInterface == kubevip.Auto {
 			link, err = autoFindInterface(address)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -120,7 +168,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 
 		subnet := ""
 		var err error
-		if vip.IsIPv4(address) {
+		if utils.IsIPv4(address) {
 			if ipv4AutoSubnet {
 				subnet, err = autoFindSubnet(link, address)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -130,7 +178,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 				if cidrs[0] != "" && cidrs[0] != kubevip.Auto {
 					subnet = cidrs[0]
 				} else {
-					subnet = "32"
+					subnet = strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv4)
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -143,19 +191,84 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 				if len(cidrs) > 1 && cidrs[1] != "" && cidrs[1] != kubevip.Auto {
 					subnet = cidrs[1]
 				} else {
-					subnet = "128"
+					subnet = strconv.Itoa(vip.DefaultMaskIPv6)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Generate new Virtual IP configuration
 		newVips = append(newVips, &kubevip.Config{
-			VIP:                    address,
+			VIP:                         address,
+			Interface:                   svcInterface,
+			SingleNode:                  true,
+			EnableARP:                   config.EnableARP,
+			EnableBGP:                   config.EnableBGP,
+			VIPSubnet:                   subnet,
+			EnableRoutingTable:          config.EnableRoutingTable,
+			RoutingTableID:              config.RoutingTableID,
+			RoutingTableType:            config.RoutingTableType,
+			RoutingProtocol:             config.RoutingProtocol,
+			ArpBroadcastRate:            config.ArpBroadcastRate,
+			EnableServiceSecurity:       config.EnableServiceSecurity,
+			DNSMode:                     config.DNSMode,
+			DHCPMode:                    config.DHCPMode,
+			DHCPBackoffAttempts:         config.DHCPBackoffAttempts,
+			DisableServiceUpdates:       config.DisableServiceUpdates,
+			EnableServicesElection:      config.EnableServicesElection,
+			PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss: config.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss,
+			KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
+				EnableLeaderElection: config.EnableLeaderElection,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	for _, hostname := range instanceHostnames {
+		log.Info("hostname", "addr", hostname)
+		// Detect if we're using a specific interface for services
+		var svcInterface string
+
+		svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceVlan]
+		if svcInterface != "" {
+			parent, tag, err := utils.ParseVLANInterface(svcInterface)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to validate VLAN", "err", err)
+			}
+
+			if err := instance.addVLAN(parent, tag); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to create VLAN", "err", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// If no vlan defined use specific interface from annotation
+			svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceInterface]
+		}
+
+		// If it is still blank then use the
+		if svcInterface == "" {
+			switch config.ServicesInterface {
+			case "":
+				svcInterface = config.Interface
+			default:
+				svcInterface = config.ServicesInterface
+			}
+		}
+
+		if link == nil {
+			if link, err = netlink.LinkByName(svcInterface); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface %s: %w", svcInterface, err)
+			}
+			if link == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface %s", svcInterface)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Generate new Virtual IP configuration
+		newVips = append(newVips, &kubevip.Config{
+			VIP:                    hostname,
 			Interface:              svcInterface,
 			SingleNode:             true,
 			EnableARP:              config.EnableARP,
 			EnableBGP:              config.EnableBGP,
-			VIPSubnet:              subnet,
+			VIPSubnet:              config.VIPSubnet,
 			EnableRoutingTable:     config.EnableRoutingTable,
 			RoutingTableID:         config.RoutingTableID,
 			RoutingTableType:       config.RoutingTableType,
@@ -163,6 +276,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 			ArpBroadcastRate:       config.ArpBroadcastRate,
 			EnableServiceSecurity:  config.EnableServiceSecurity,
 			DNSMode:                config.DNSMode,
+			DHCPMode:               config.DHCPMode,
 			DisableServiceUpdates:  config.DisableServiceUpdates,
 			EnableServicesElection: config.EnableServicesElection,
 			KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
@@ -171,23 +285,26 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 		})
 	}
 
-	// Create new service
-	instance := &Instance{
-		//UID:             instanceUID,
-		//VIPs:            instanceAddresses,
-		ServiceSnapshot: svc,
-	}
-	// for _, port := range svc.Spec.Ports {
-	// 	instance.ExternalPorts = append(instance.ExternalPorts, Port{
-	// 		Port: uint16(port.Port), //nolint
-	// 		Type: string(port.Protocol),
-	// 	})
-	// }
-
 	if svc.Annotations != nil {
 		instance.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr = svc.Annotations[kubevip.HwAddrKey]
-		instance.DHCPInterfaceIP = svc.Annotations[kubevip.RequestedIP]
+		requestedIP := svc.Annotations[kubevip.RequestedIP]
+		if requestedIP != "" {
+			requestedIPs := strings.Split(requestedIP, ",")
+			if len(requestedIPs) > 2 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("annotation %q cannot request more than one IPv4 and one Ipv6 address", kubevip.RequestedIP)
+			}
+			for _, ip := range requestedIPs {
+				netip := net.ParseIP(ip)
+				if netip.To4() != nil {
+					instance.DHCPInterfaceIPv4 = ip
+				} else {
+					instance.DHCPInterfaceIPv6 = ip
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		instance.DHCPHostname = svc.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerHostname]
+		instance.macvlanName = svc.Annotations[kubevip.MacvlanName]
+		instance.dhcpBroadcast = svc.Annotations[kubevip.DHCPBroadcast] == "true"
 	}
 
 	configPorts := make([]kubevip.Port, 0)
@@ -210,29 +327,82 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 	// Create Add configuration to the new service
 	instance.VIPConfigs = newVips
 
-	// If this was purposely created with the address 0.0.0.0,
+	// If this was purposely created with the address '0.0.0.0', or '::'
 	// we will create a macvlan on the main interface and a DHCP client
-	// TODO: Consider how best to handle DHCP with multiple addresses
-	if len(instanceAddresses) == 1 && instanceAddresses[0] == "0.0.0.0" {
-		err := instance.startDHCP()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		select {
-		case err := <-instance.DHCPClient.ErrorChannel():
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting DHCP for %s/%s: error: %s",
-				instance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, instance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, err)
-		case ip := <-instance.DHCPClient.IPChannel():
-			instance.VIPConfigs[0].Interface = instance.DHCPInterface
-			instance.VIPConfigs[0].VIP = ip
-			instance.DHCPInterfaceIP = ip
-		}
+	if len(instanceAddresses) > 2 && (slices.Contains(instanceAddresses, "0.0.0.0") || slices.Contains(instanceAddresses, "::")) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("DHCP cannot be used if more than 2 addresses (one IPv4 and one IPv6) were specified")
 	}
+	for i := range instance.VIPConfigs {
+		if instance.VIPConfigs[i].VIP == "0.0.0.0" {
+			err := instance.startDHCP(ctx, i, config.DHCPBackoffAttempts, wg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			select {
+			case err := <-instance.DHCPv4Client.ErrorChannel():
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting DHCPv4 for %s/%s: error: %s",
+					instance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, instance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, err)
+			case ip := <-instance.DHCPv4Client.IPChannel():
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].Interface = instance.DHCPInterface
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].VIP = ip
+				instance.DHCPInterfaceIPv4 = ip
+			}
+		}
+		if instance.VIPConfigs[i].VIP == "::" {
+			err := instance.startDHCP(ctx, i, config.DHCPBackoffAttempts, wg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			select {
+			case err := <-instance.DHCPv6Client.ErrorChannel():
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting DHCPv6 for %s/%s: error: %s",
+					instance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, instance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, err)
+			case ip := <-instance.DHCPv6Client.IPChannel():
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].Interface = instance.DHCPInterface
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].VIP = ip
+				instance.DHCPInterfaceIPv6 = ip
+			}
+		}
 
-	for _, vipConfig := range instance.VIPConfigs {
-		c, err := cluster.InitCluster(vipConfig, false, intfMgr, arpMgr)
+		ddnsAnnotation, exists := svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceDDNS]
+
+		if exists {
+			instance.VIPConfigs[i].DDNS, err = strconv.ParseBool(ddnsAnnotation)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("Failed to add service", "err", err)
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(svc.Spec.IPFamilies) > 0 {
+			if len(svc.Spec.IPFamilies) > 1 {
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].DHCPMode = utils.DualFamily
+				instance.VIPConfigs[i].DNSMode = utils.DualFamily
+				switch *svc.Spec.IPFamilyPolicy {
+				case v1.IPFamilyPolicyRequireDualStack:
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].IsDualStack = true
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].RequireDualStack = true
+				case v1.IPFamilyPolicyPreferDualStack:
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].IsDualStack = true
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].RequireDualStack = false
+				default:
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].IsDualStack = false
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].RequireDualStack = false
+				}
+			} else {
+				if strings.EqualFold(string(svc.Spec.IPFamilies[0]), utils.IPv4Family) {
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].DHCPMode = strings.ToLower(utils.IPv4Family)
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].DNSMode = strings.ToLower(utils.IPv4Family)
+				} else {
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].DHCPMode = strings.ToLower(utils.IPv6Family)
+					instance.VIPConfigs[i].DNSMode = strings.ToLower(utils.IPv6Family)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		c, err := cluster.InitCluster(instance.VIPConfigs[i], false, intfMgr, arpMgr, routeMgr, nodeLabelMgr)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Failed to add Service %s/%s", svc.Namespace, svc.Name)
+			log.Error("failed to add service", "err", err)
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -241,7 +411,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterf
 		}
 
 		instance.Clusters = append(instance.Clusters, c)
-		log.Info("(svcs) adding VIP", "ip", vipConfig.VIP, "interface", vipConfig.Interface, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
+		log.Info("(svcs) adding VIP", "ip", instance.VIPConfigs[i].VIP, "interface", instance.VIPConfigs[i].Interface, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
 	}
 
 	return instance, nil
@@ -304,17 +474,72 @@ func getAutoInterfaceName(link netlink.Link, defaultInterface string) string {
 	return link.Attrs().Name
 }
 
-func (i *Instance) startDHCP() error {
-	if len(i.VIPConfigs) != 1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("DHCP requires exactly 1 VIP config, got: %v", len(i.VIPConfigs))
+func (i *Instance) addVLAN(parentInterface string, tag int) error {
+	var parent netlink.Link
+
+	interfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", parentInterface, tag)
+	iface, err := netlink.LinkByName(interfaceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		// check if parent interface doesnt exist
+		parent, err = netlink.LinkByName(parentInterface)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error finding VLAN parent interface %s:  %v", parentInterface, err)
+		}
+
+		log.Info("Creating new VLAN interface", "interface", interfaceName)
+
+		vlan := &netlink.Vlan{
+			LinkAttrs: netlink.LinkAttrs{
+				Name:        interfaceName,
+				ParentIndex: parent.Attrs().Index,
+			},
+			VlanId:       tag,
+			VlanProtocol: netlink.VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021Q,
+		}
+
+		err = netlink.LinkAdd(vlan)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not add VLAN %s: %v", interfaceName, err)
+		}
+
+		err = netlink.LinkSetUp(vlan)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not bring up VLAN interface [%s] : %v", interfaceName, err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = net.InterfaceByName(interfaceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error finding new VLAN interface by name [%v]", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Info("Using existing VLAN interface", "interface", interfaceName)
+
+		if err := utils.ValidateVLANInterface(iface, parent, tag); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
-	parent, err := netlink.LinkByName(i.VIPConfigs[0].Interface)
+
+	i.VLANInterface = interfaceName
+	i.IsVLAN = true
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (i *Instance) startDHCP(ctx context.Context, index int, backoffAttempts uint, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	if len(i.VIPConfigs) > 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("DHCP can be used with 2 VIP config maximally, got: %v", len(i.VIPConfigs))
+	}
+	parent, err := netlink.LinkByName(i.VIPConfigs[index].Interface)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error finding VIP Interface, for building DHCP Link : %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Generate name from UID
-	interfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("vip-%s", i.ServiceSnapshot.UID[0:8])
+	interfaceName := i.macvlanName
+
+	if interfaceName == "" {
+		// Generate name from UID
+		interfaceName = fmt.Sprintf("vip-%s", i.ServiceSnapshot.UID[0:8])
+	}
 
 	// Check if the interface doesn't exist first
 	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(interfaceName)
@@ -359,34 +584,61 @@ func (i *Instance) startDHCP() error {
 		log.Info("Using existing macvlan interface for DHCP", "interface", interfaceName)
 	}
 
-	// Default rp_filter setting (https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/issues/1170)
-	rpfilterSetting := "0"
+	var initRebootFlag bool
+	ip := net.ParseIP(i.VIPConfigs[index].VIP)
 
-	// Check if we need to set an override rp_filter value for the interface
-	if i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter] != "" {
-		// Check the rp_filter value
-		rpFilter, err := strconv.Atoi(i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter])
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error("[DHCP] unable to process rp_filter", "value", rpFilter)
-		} else {
-			if rpFilter >= 0 && rpFilter < 3 { // Ensure the value is 0,1,2
-				rpfilterSetting = i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter]
+	var client vip.DHCPClient
+	if ip.To4() != nil {
+		// Default rp_filter setting (https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/issues/1170)
+		rpfilterSetting := "0"
+
+		// Check if we need to set an override rp_filter value for the interface
+		if i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter] != "" {
+			// Check the rp_filter value
+			rpFilter, err := strconv.Atoi(i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[DHCP] unable to process rp_filter", "value", rpFilter)
 			} else {
-				slog.Error("[DHCP] rp_filter value not within range 0-2", "value", rpFilter)
+				if rpFilter >= 0 && rpFilter < 3 { // Ensure the value is 0,1,2
+					rpfilterSetting = i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter]
+				} else {
+					log.Error("[DHCP] rp_filter value not within range 0-2", "value", rpFilter)
+				}
 			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	err = sysctl.WriteProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/"+interfaceName+"/rp_filter", rpfilterSetting)
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("[DHCP] unable to write rp_filter", "value", rpfilterSetting, "err", err)
-	}
-	var initRebootFlag bool
-	if i.DHCPInterfaceIP != "" {
-		initRebootFlag = true
-	}
+		err = sysctl.WriteProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/"+interfaceName+"/rp_filter", rpfilterSetting)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("[DHCP] unable to write rp_filter", "value", rpfilterSetting, "err", err)
+		}
 
-	client := vip.NewDHCPClient(iface, initRebootFlag, i.DHCPInterfaceIP)
+		if i.DHCPInterfaceIPv4 != "" {
+			initRebootFlag = true
+		}
+
+		client = vip.NewDHCPv4Client(iface, initRebootFlag, i.DHCPInterfaceIPv4, backoffAttempts, i.dhcpBroadcast)
+
+		// Add the client so that we can call it to stop function
+		i.DHCPv4Client = client
+
+		// Set that DHCPv4 is enabled
+		i.IsDHCPv4 = true
+	} else {
+		if i.DHCPInterfaceIPv6 != "" {
+			initRebootFlag = true
+		}
+
+		client, err = vip.NewDHCPv6Client(iface, parent, initRebootFlag, i.DHCPInterfaceIPv6, backoffAttempts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create client: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Add the client so that we can call it to stop function
+		i.DHCPv6Client = client
+
+		// Set that DHCPv6 is enabled
+		i.IsDHCPv6 = true
+	}
 
 	// Add hostname to dhcp client if annotated
 	if i.DHCPHostname != "" {
@@ -394,89 +646,99 @@ func (i *Instance) startDHCP() error {
 		client.WithHostName(i.DHCPHostname)
 	}
 
-	go client.Start()
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		if err := client.Start(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("[instance] DHCP client error: %w")
+		}
+	})
 
-	// Set that DHCP is enabled
-	i.IsDHCP = true
 	// Set the name of the interface so that it can be removed on Service deletion
 	i.DHCPInterface = interfaceName
 	i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr = iface.HardwareAddr.String()
-	// Add the client so that we can call it to stop function
-	i.DHCPClient = client
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// FetchIngressAddresses tries to get the addresses from status.loadBalancerIP
-func FetchLoadBalancerIngressAddresses(s *v1.Service) []string {
+// FetchLoadBalancerIngressAddresses tries to get the addresses from status.loadBalancerIP
+func FetchLoadBalancerIngress(s *v1.Service) ([]string, []string) {
 	// If the service has no status, return empty
 	lbStatusAddresses := []string{}
-
+	lbStatusHostnames := []string{}
 	if len(s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) == 0 {
-		return lbStatusAddresses
+		return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
 	}
 
 	for _, ingress := range s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
 		if ingress.IP != "" {
 			lbStatusAddresses = append(lbStatusAddresses, ingress.IP)
 		}
-		// TODO: Handle hostname if needed
+		if ingress.Hostname != "" {
+			lbStatusHostnames = append(lbStatusHostnames, ingress.Hostname)
+		}
 	}
-
-	return lbStatusAddresses
+	return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
 }
 
 // FetchServiceAddresses tries to get the addresses from annotations
 // kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs, then from spec.loadbalancerIP
-func FetchServiceAddresses(s *v1.Service) []string {
+func FetchServiceAddresses(s *v1.Service) ([]string, []string) {
 	annotationAvailable := false
 	if s.Annotations != nil {
 
 		if v, annotationAvailable := s.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerIPAnnotation]; annotationAvailable {
 			ips := strings.Split(v, ",")
 			var trimmedIPs []string
-			for _, ip := range ips {
-				trimmedIPs = append(trimmedIPs, strings.TrimSpace(ip))
+			var trimmedHostnames []string
+			for _, a := range ips {
+				a = strings.TrimSpace(a)
+				ip := net.ParseIP(a)
+				if ip == nil {
+					// this is probably a DNS name
+					trimmedHostnames = append(trimmedHostnames, a)
+				} else {
+					trimmedIPs = append(trimmedIPs, ip.String())
+				}
 			}
-			return trimmedIPs
+			return trimmedIPs, trimmedHostnames
 		}
 	}
 
 	lbStatusAddresses := []string{}
+	lbStatusHostnames := []string{}
 	if !annotationAvailable {
-		if len(s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 {
-			for _, ingress := range s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
-				lbStatusAddresses = append(lbStatusAddresses, ingress.IP)
+		lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames = FetchLoadBalancerIngress(s)
+	}
+
+	// Spec.LoadBalancerIP legacy handling
+	// if the loadBalancerIP is different from Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress IPs
+	// return the legacy LB as spec wins over status.
+	if lbIP := net.ParseIP(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP); lbIP != nil && len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 {
+		isLbIPv4 := utils.IsIPv4(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
+		for _, a := range lbStatusAddresses {
+			if lbStatusIP := net.ParseIP(a); lbStatusIP != nil && utils.IsIPv4(a) == isLbIPv4 && !lbIP.Equal(lbStatusIP) {
+				return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}, []string{}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	lbIP := net.ParseIP(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
-	isLbIPv4 := vip.IsIPv4(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
-
-	if len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 {
-		for _, a := range lbStatusAddresses {
-			if lbStatusIP := net.ParseIP(a); lbStatusIP != nil && lbIP != nil && vip.IsIPv4(a) == isLbIPv4 && !lbIP.Equal(lbStatusIP) {
-				return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}
-			}
-		}
-		return lbStatusAddresses
+	if len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 || len(lbStatusHostnames) > 0 {
+		return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
 	}
 
 	if s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP != "" {
-		return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}
+		return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}, []string{}
 	}
 
-	return []string{}
+	return []string{}, []string{}
 }
 
 func FindServiceInstance(svc *v1.Service, instances []*Instance) *Instance {
-	log.Debug("finding service", "UID", svc.UID)
+	log.Debug("finding service", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "UID", svc.UID)
 	for i := range instances {
-		log.Debug("saved service", "instance", i, "UID", instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID)
 		if instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
 			return instances[i]
 		}
 	}
+	log.Debug("instance not found", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "UID", svc.UID)
 	return nil
 }

pkg/kubevip/annotations.go

@@ -40,10 +40,43 @@ const (
 	// Flush the conntrack rules (remove existing sessions) once Egress is configured
 	FlushContrack = "kube-vip.io/flush-conntrack"
 
+	// Configure LoadBalancer IPs instead of relying on a controller
 	LoadbalancerIPAnnotation = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs"
-	LoadbalancerHostname     = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerHostname"
-	ServiceInterface         = "kube-vip.io/serviceInterface"
-	UpnpEnabled              = "kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP"
+
+	// Ignore the LoadBalancer Service
+	LoadbalancerIgnore = "kube-vip.io/ignore"
+
+	// Used to configure DHCP with a Hostname
+	LoadbalancerHostname = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerHostname"
+
+	// Define an interface name to bind the address of the LoadBalancer to
+	ServiceInterface = "kube-vip.io/serviceInterface"
+
+	// Specify VLAN subinterface for service (e.g. eth0.200)
+	ServiceVlan = "kube-vip.io/serviceVLAN"
+
+	ServiceSecurityIgnore = "kube-vip.io/ignore-service-security"
+
+	// Enable UPNP on a Service
+	UpnpEnabled = "kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP"
+
+	// Set the UPNP lease duration for a specific service using duration format (e.g., "30s", "1h")
+	UpnpLeaseDuration = "kube-vip.io/upnp-lease-duration"
 
 	RPFilter = "kube-vip.io/rp_filter" // Set the return path filter for a specific service interface
+
+	// Name of the service lease object
+	ServiceLease = "kube-vip.io/leaseName"
+
+	// Allow service reconciliation even when no endpoints are present (Cluster policy only)
+	AllowReconcileWithoutEndpoints = "kube-vip.io/allow-reconcile-without-endpoints"
+
+	// Enable DDNS for the service
+	ServiceDDNS = "kube-vip.io/ddns"
+
+	// Forces kube-vip to use the specified veth interface when DHCP is being used for a service
+	MacvlanName = "kube-vip.io/macvlanName"
+
+	// Set the BROADCAST flag in DHCP DISCOVER/REQUEST packets
+	DHCPBroadcast = "kube-vip.io/dhcp-broadcast"
 )

pkg/kubevip/config_bgp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/api"
+
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+// Peer defines a BGP Peer
+type BGPPeer struct {
+	Address      string
+	Port         uint16
+	Interface    string
+	AS           uint32
+	Password     string
+	MultiHop     bool
+	MpbgpNexthop string
+	MpbgpIPv4    string
+	MpbgpIPv6    string
+
+	// BFD Configuration
+	BFDEnabled          bool
+	BFDReceiveInterval  uint32
+	BFDTransmitInterval uint32
+	BFDDetectMultiplier uint32
+}
+
+// Config defines the BGP server configuration
+type BGPConfig struct {
+	AS           uint32
+	RouterID     string
+	SourceIP     string
+	SourceIF     string
+	MpbgpNexthop string
+	MpbgpIPv4    string
+	MpbgpIPv6    string
+
+	HoldTime          uint64
+	KeepaliveInterval uint64
+
+	Peers []BGPPeer
+
+	Zebra ZebraConfig
+}
+
+// Defines Zebra connection configuration. More on the topic - https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/blob/master/docs/sources/zebra.md#configuration
+type ZebraConfig struct {
+	Enabled      bool
+	URL          string
+	Version      uint32
+	SoftwareName string
+}
+
+// BGP Peer layout is as follows:
+// <address>:<AS>:<password>:<multihop>:<port>:<optional mpbgp options>:<BFD options>
+
+// <address> - IP address of the peer. For IPv6 addresses, the address should be enclosed in square brackets (e.g. [fd00:100:64::2]). For unnumbered peers, the address should be prefixed with "unnumbered:" followed by the interface name (e.g. unnumbered:eth0).
+// <AS> - Autonomous System number of the peer (e.g. 65000)
+// <password> - Optional password for BGP authentication (e.g. secret)
+// <multihop> - Optional flag to indicate if this is a multihop peer (true/false, default: false)
+// <port> - Optional BGP port number (default: 179)
+// <optional mpbgp options> - Optional MP-BGP parameters in the format of key=value pairs separated by ';' (e.g. mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif;mpbgp_ipv4=)
+// <BFD options> - Optional BFD parameters (if any) in the format of semicolon-separated values (enable, receive_interval, transmit_interval, detect_multiplier) (e.g. true;300;300;3)
+
+// ParseBGPPeerConfig - take a string and parses it into an array of peers
+func ParseBGPPeerConfig(config string) (bgpPeers []BGPPeer, err error) {
+	peers := strings.Split(config, ",")
+	if len(peers) == 0 || config == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no BGP Peer configurations found")
+	}
+
+	for x := range peers {
+		peerStr := peers[x]
+		if peerStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Look at address peer
+		isV6Peer := peerStr[0] == '['
+		isUnnumberedPeer := strings.HasPrefix(peerStr, "unnumbered:")
+
+		address := ""
+		if isV6Peer {
+			addressEndPos := strings.IndexByte(peerStr, ']')
+			if addressEndPos == -1 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("no matching ] found for IPv6 BGP Peer")
+			}
+			address = peerStr[1:addressEndPos]
+			peerStr = peerStr[addressEndPos+1:]
+		} else if isUnnumberedPeer {
+			unnumberedEndPos := strings.IndexByte(peerStr, ':')
+			peerStr = peerStr[unnumberedEndPos+1:]
+		}
+
+		peer := strings.Split(peerStr, ":")
+		if len(peer) < 2 && !isUnnumberedPeer {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mandatory peering params <host>:<AS> incomplete")
+		}
+
+		iface := ""
+		if isUnnumberedPeer {
+			iface = peer[0]
+		} else if !isV6Peer {
+			address = peer[0]
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[1] for AS number
+		var ASNumber uint64
+		if len(peer) >= 2 {
+			ASNumber, err = strconv.ParseUint(peer[1], 10, 32)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[2] for password
+		password := ""
+		if len(peer) >= 3 {
+			password = peer[2]
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[3] for multihop
+		multiHop := false
+		if len(peer) >= 4 && peer[3] != "" {
+			multiHop, err = strconv.ParseBool(peer[3])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP MultiHop format error (true/false) [%s]", peer[3])
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[4] for BGP port
+		var port uint64
+		if len(peer) >= 5 {
+			if peer[4] == "" {
+				port = 179
+			} else {
+				port, err = strconv.ParseUint(peer[4], 10, 16)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer Port format error [%s]", peer[4])
+				}
+			}
+		} else if !isUnnumberedPeer {
+			port = 179
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[5] for optional MP-BGP parameters
+		var mpbgpNexthop, mpbgpIPv4, mpbgpIPv6 string
+
+		if len(peer) >= 6 && peer[5] != "" {
+			configData := strings.Split(peer[5], ";")
+			for _, cfg := range configData {
+				c := strings.Split(cfg, "=")
+				if len(c) < 2 {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("peer configuration parameter '%s' is missing a value (expected key=value)", c[0])
+				}
+				switch c[0] {
+				case "mpbgp_nexthop":
+					mpbgpNexthop = c[1]
+				case "mpbgp_ipv4":
+					mpbgpIPv4 = c[1]
+				case "mpbgp_ipv6":
+					mpbgpIPv6 = c[1]
+				default:
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("peer configuration parameter '%s' is not supported", c[0])
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		// Look at peer[6] for optional BFD parameters (if any)
+		bfdEnabled := false
+		bfdReceiveInterval := uint64(300)
+		bfdTransmitInterval := uint64(300)
+		bfdDetectMultiplier := uint64(3)
+
+		if len(peer) >= 7 && peer[6] != "" {
+			c := strings.Split(peer[6], ";")
+			if len(c) < 4 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BFD configuration error: at least 4 parameters are required (enable, receive_interval, transmit_interval, detect_multiplier) [%s]", peer[6])
+			}
+			bfdEnabled, err = strconv.ParseBool(c[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BFD configuration error: invalid value for bfd_enabled (true/false) [%s]", c[0])
+			}
+
+			if c[1] != "" {
+				bfdReceiveInterval, err = strconv.ParseUint(c[1], 10, 32)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("BFD configuration error: invalid value for bfd_receive_interval [%s]", c[1])
+				}
+			}
+
+			if c[2] != "" {
+				bfdTransmitInterval, err = strconv.ParseUint(c[2], 10, 32)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("BFD configuration error: invalid value for bfd_transmit_interval [%s]", c[2])
+				}
+			}
+			if c[3] != "" {
+				bfdDetectMultiplier, err = strconv.ParseUint(c[3], 10, 32)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("BFD configuration error: invalid value for bfd_detect_multiplier [%s]", c[3])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		peerConfig := BGPPeer{
+			Address: address,
+			//nolint:gosec // previously parsed into uint32
+			AS:                  uint32(ASNumber),
+			Port:                uint16(port),
+			Interface:           iface,
+			Password:            password,
+			MultiHop:            multiHop,
+			MpbgpNexthop:        mpbgpNexthop,
+			MpbgpIPv4:           mpbgpIPv4,
+			MpbgpIPv6:           mpbgpIPv6,
+			BFDEnabled:          bfdEnabled,
+			BFDReceiveInterval:  uint32(bfdReceiveInterval),
+			BFDTransmitInterval: uint32(bfdTransmitInterval),
+			BFDDetectMultiplier: uint32(bfdDetectMultiplier),
+		}
+
+		bgpPeers = append(bgpPeers, peerConfig)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *BGPPeer) FindMpbgpAddresses(ap *api.Peer, server *BGPConfig) (string, string, error) {
+	var ipv4Address, ipv6Address string
+	switch p.MpbgpNexthop {
+	case "fixed":
+		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
+		if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" && p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("to use MP-BGP with fixed address at least one IPv4 or IPv6 address has to be provided [current - IPv4: %s, IPv6: %s]",
+				p.MpbgpIPv4, p.MpbgpIPv6)
+		}
+
+		if p.MpbgpIPv4 != "" {
+			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv4) == nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv4 address", p.MpbgpIPv4)
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MpbgpIPv6 != "" {
+			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv6) == nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv6 address", p.MpbgpIPv6)
+			}
+		}
+
+		ipv4Address = p.MpbgpIPv4
+		ipv6Address = p.MpbgpIPv6
+	case "auto_sourceip":
+		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
+
+		// Resolve the local interface by SourceIP
+		iface, err := utils.GetInterfaceByIP(server.SourceIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by IP: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if utils.IsIPv4(server.SourceIP) {
+			// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
+			ipv6Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
+			ipv4Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	case "auto_sourceif":
+		ap.Transport.BindInterface = server.SourceIF
+
+		iface, err := netlink.LinkByName(server.SourceIF)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by name: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
+		ipv4Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
+		ipv6Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("option %s for MP-BPG nexthop is not supported", server.MpbgpNexthop)
+	}
+
+	return ipv4Address, ipv6Address, nil
+}
+
+func (p *BGPPeer) SetMpbgpOptions(server *BGPConfig) {
+	if p.MpbgpNexthop == "" {
+		p.MpbgpNexthop = server.MpbgpNexthop
+	}
+
+	if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" {
+		p.MpbgpIPv4 = server.MpbgpIPv4
+	}
+
+	if p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
+		p.MpbgpIPv6 = server.MpbgpIPv6
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_bgp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		config string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		args         args
+		wantBgpPeers []BGPPeer
+		wantErr      bool
+	}{
+
+		{
+			name: "IPv4, default port",
+			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false,192.168.0.11:65000::false"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv4, different port",
+			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false:180,192.168.0.11:65000::false:190"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 180, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 190, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6, multi-protocol",
+			args: args{config: "[fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52]:65501::false::mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52", Port: 179, AS: 65501, MultiHop: false, MpbgpNexthop: "auto_sourceif", BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6, multi-protocol, BFD, no multi-protocol options",
+			args: args{config: "[fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52]:65501::false:::true;300;300;3"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52", Port: 179, AS: 65501, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: true, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6, multi-protocol, BFD",
+			args: args{config: "[fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52]:65501::false::mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif:true;300;300;3"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52", Port: 179, AS: 65501, MultiHop: false, MpbgpNexthop: "auto_sourceif", BFDEnabled: true, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 bracketed, with password and multihop",
+			args: args{config: "[fd00:100:64::2]:65000:secret:true"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "fd00:100:64::2", Port: 179, AS: 65000, Password: "secret", MultiHop: true, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 bracketed, empty fields",
+			args: args{config: "[fd00:100:64::2]:65000::false"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Address: "fd00:100:64::2", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Unnumbered",
+			args: args{config: "unnumbered:eth0,unnumbered:eth1:65000::true::mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif"},
+			wantBgpPeers: []BGPPeer{
+				{Interface: "eth0", MultiHop: false, BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+				{Interface: "eth1", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: true, MpbgpNexthop: "auto_sourceif", BFDEnabled: false, BFDReceiveInterval: 300, BFDTransmitInterval: 300, BFDDetectMultiplier: 3},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Completely empty config",
+			args:    args{config: ""},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Completely empty config (but with the seperators)",
+			args:    args{config: ":::::::"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Malformed parameter (no value)",
+			args:    args{config: "1.2.3.4:65000/mpbgp_nexthop"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Unsupported parameter",
+			args:    args{config: "1.2.3.4:65000;unknown=value"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Malformed IPv6 (no matching bracket)",
+			args:    args{config: "[fd00:100:64::2:65000"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gotBgpPeers, err := ParseBGPPeerConfig(tt.args.config)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("ParseBGPPeerConfig() error = \n%v, wantErr \n%v %v", err, tt.wantErr, gotBgpPeers)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotBgpPeers, tt.wantBgpPeers) {
+				t.Errorf("ParseBGPPeerConfig() = \n%v, want \n%v", gotBgpPeers, tt.wantBgpPeers)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_environment.go

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"math/bits"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/detector"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )
 
 // ParseEnvironment - will popultate the configuration from environment variables
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 	if env != "" {
 		logLevel, err := strconv.ParseInt(env, 10, 32)
 		if err != nil {
-			panic("Unable to parse environment variable [vip_loglevel], should be int")
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse environment variable [vip_loglevel], should be int: %w", err)
 		}
 		c.Logging = int32(logLevel)
 	}
@@ -290,6 +292,18 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
 	}
 
+	// Determine if VIP should be preserved on leadership loss
+	// true: VIP addresses remain on interface, only ARP/NDP broadcasting stops
+	// false (default): VIP addresses are deleted on leadership loss (legacy behavior)
+	env = os.Getenv(vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss)
+	if env != "" {
+		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss = b
+	}
+
 	// Wireguard Mode
 	env = os.Getenv(vipWireguard)
 	if env != "" {
@@ -363,6 +377,30 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.DNSMode = env
 	}
 
+	// DHCP mode
+	env = os.Getenv(dhcpMode)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.DHCPMode = env
+	} else {
+		if c.DNSMode != "first" {
+			c.DHCPMode = c.DNSMode
+		} else {
+			c.DHCPMode = strings.ToLower(utils.IPv4Family)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// DHCP backoff attempts
+	env = os.Getenv(dhcpBackoffAttempts)
+	if env != "" {
+		tmp, err := strconv.ParseInt(env, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if tmp >= 0 {
+			c.DHCPBackoffAttempts = uint(tmp)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Disable updates for services (status.LoadBalancer.Ingress will not be updated)
 	env = os.Getenv(disableServiceUpdates)
 	if env != "" {
@@ -422,7 +460,7 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 	// Peer AS
 	env = os.Getenv(bgpPeers)
 	if env != "" {
-		peers, err := bgp.ParseBGPPeerConfig(env)
+		peers, err := ParseBGPPeerConfig(env)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -501,6 +539,40 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.BGPConfig.KeepaliveInterval = u64
 	}
 
+	// BGP health check options
+	env = os.Getenv(controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address = env
+	}
+	env = os.Getenv(controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds)
+	if env != "" {
+		i, err := strconv.ParseInt(env, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parsing env var %s (value: %s): %w", controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds, env, err)
+		}
+		c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.PeriodSeconds = int(i)
+	}
+	env = os.Getenv(controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds)
+	if env != "" {
+		i, err := strconv.ParseInt(env, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parsing env var %s (value: %s): %w", controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds, env, err)
+		}
+		c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.TimeoutSeconds = int(i)
+	}
+	env = os.Getenv(controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold)
+	if env != "" {
+		i, err := strconv.ParseInt(env, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parsing env var %s (value: %s): %w", controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold, env, err)
+		}
+		c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold = int(i)
+	}
+	env = os.Getenv(controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath = env
+	}
+
 	env = os.Getenv(zebraEnable)
 	if env != "" {
 		result, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
@@ -667,5 +739,317 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.EgressClean = b
 	}
 
+	// check for configuration file path
+	env = os.Getenv(configFile)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.ConfigFile = env
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
+
+// LoadConfigFromFile loads configuration from a JSON or YAML file
+func LoadConfigFromFile(configFilePath string) (*Config, error) {
+	if configFilePath == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config file path is empty")
+	}
+
+	// Check if file exists
+	if _, err := os.Stat(configFilePath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config file does not exist: %s", configFilePath)
+	}
+
+	// Read file content
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+	}
+
+	var config Config
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(configFilePath))
+
+	switch ext {
+	case ".json":
+		err = json.Unmarshal(data, &config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse JSON config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+		}
+	case ".yaml", ".yml":
+		err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse YAML config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported config file format %s. Supported formats: .json, .yaml, .yml", ext)
+	}
+
+	return &config, nil
+}
+
+// MergeConfigFromFile merges configuration loaded from file with existing config
+// Priority: command line flags > environment variables > config file
+func MergeConfigFromFile(c *Config, configFilePath string) error {
+	if configFilePath == "" {
+		return nil // No config file specified, nothing to merge
+	}
+
+	fileConfig, err := LoadConfigFromFile(configFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Merge file config with existing config
+	// Only set values from file if they haven't been set by flags or env vars
+	mergeConfigValues(c, fileConfig)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mergeConfigValues merges values from fileConfig into baseConfig
+// Only overwrites zero values in baseConfig
+func mergeConfigValues(baseConfig, fileConfig *Config) {
+	// Basic configuration
+	if baseConfig.Logging == 0 && fileConfig.Logging != 0 {
+		baseConfig.Logging = fileConfig.Logging
+	}
+
+	// Network configuration
+	if baseConfig.Interface == "" && fileConfig.Interface != "" {
+		baseConfig.Interface = fileConfig.Interface
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServicesInterface == "" && fileConfig.ServicesInterface != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServicesInterface = fileConfig.ServicesInterface
+	}
+	if baseConfig.VIP == "" && fileConfig.VIP != "" {
+		baseConfig.VIP = fileConfig.VIP
+	}
+	if baseConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && fileConfig.VIPSubnet != "" {
+		baseConfig.VIPSubnet = fileConfig.VIPSubnet
+	}
+	if baseConfig.Address == "" && fileConfig.Address != "" {
+		baseConfig.Address = fileConfig.Address
+	}
+	if baseConfig.Port == 0 && fileConfig.Port != 0 {
+		baseConfig.Port = fileConfig.Port
+	}
+	if baseConfig.NodeName == "" && fileConfig.NodeName != "" {
+		baseConfig.NodeName = fileConfig.NodeName
+	}
+
+	// Boolean flags - only merge if not explicitly set
+	if !baseConfig.EnableARP && fileConfig.EnableARP {
+		baseConfig.EnableARP = fileConfig.EnableARP
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableBGP && fileConfig.EnableBGP {
+		baseConfig.EnableBGP = fileConfig.EnableBGP
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableWireguard && fileConfig.EnableWireguard {
+		baseConfig.EnableWireguard = fileConfig.EnableWireguard
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableRoutingTable && fileConfig.EnableRoutingTable {
+		baseConfig.EnableRoutingTable = fileConfig.EnableRoutingTable
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableControlPlane && fileConfig.EnableControlPlane {
+		baseConfig.EnableControlPlane = fileConfig.EnableControlPlane
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.DetectControlPlane && fileConfig.DetectControlPlane {
+		baseConfig.DetectControlPlane = fileConfig.DetectControlPlane
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableServices && fileConfig.EnableServices {
+		baseConfig.EnableServices = fileConfig.EnableServices
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableServicesElection && fileConfig.EnableServicesElection {
+		baseConfig.EnableServicesElection = fileConfig.EnableServicesElection
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableNodeLabeling && fileConfig.EnableNodeLabeling {
+		baseConfig.EnableNodeLabeling = fileConfig.EnableNodeLabeling
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableLoadBalancer && fileConfig.EnableLoadBalancer {
+		baseConfig.EnableLoadBalancer = fileConfig.EnableLoadBalancer
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.DDNS && fileConfig.DDNS {
+		baseConfig.DDNS = fileConfig.DDNS
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.SingleNode && fileConfig.SingleNode {
+		baseConfig.SingleNode = fileConfig.SingleNode
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.StartAsLeader && fileConfig.StartAsLeader {
+		baseConfig.StartAsLeader = fileConfig.StartAsLeader
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss && fileConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+		baseConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss = fileConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss
+	}
+
+	// Service configuration
+	if baseConfig.Namespace == "" && fileConfig.Namespace != "" {
+		baseConfig.Namespace = fileConfig.Namespace
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServiceNamespace == "" && fileConfig.ServiceNamespace != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServiceNamespace = fileConfig.ServiceNamespace
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServicesLeaseName == "" && fileConfig.ServicesLeaseName != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServicesLeaseName = fileConfig.ServicesLeaseName
+	}
+
+	// LoadBalancer configuration
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerPort == 0 && fileConfig.LoadBalancerPort != 0 {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerPort = fileConfig.LoadBalancerPort
+	}
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod == "" && fileConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod != "" {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod = fileConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod
+	}
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerClassName == "" && fileConfig.LoadBalancerClassName != "" {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerClassName = fileConfig.LoadBalancerClassName
+	}
+
+	// Routing Table configuration
+	if baseConfig.RoutingTableID == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingTableID != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingTableID = fileConfig.RoutingTableID
+	}
+	if baseConfig.RoutingTableType == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingTableType != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingTableType = fileConfig.RoutingTableType
+	}
+	if baseConfig.RoutingProtocol == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingProtocol != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingProtocol = fileConfig.RoutingProtocol
+	}
+
+	// BGP configuration
+	mergeBGPConfig(&baseConfig.BGPConfig, &fileConfig.BGPConfig)
+
+	// Kubernetes configuration
+	if baseConfig.K8sConfigFile == "" && fileConfig.K8sConfigFile != "" {
+		baseConfig.K8sConfigFile = fileConfig.K8sConfigFile
+	}
+
+	// Leader Election configuration
+	mergeLeaderElectionConfig(&baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection, &fileConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection)
+
+	// BGP health check configuration
+	mergeHealthCheck(&baseConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck, &fileConfig.ControlPlaneHealthCheck)
+
+	// Prometheus configuration
+	if baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer == "" && fileConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer != "" {
+		baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer = fileConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer
+	}
+
+	// DNS configuration
+	if baseConfig.DNSMode == "" && fileConfig.DNSMode != "" {
+		baseConfig.DNSMode = fileConfig.DNSMode
+	}
+
+	// DHCP configuration - mode
+	if baseConfig.DHCPMode == "" && fileConfig.DHCPMode != "" {
+		baseConfig.DHCPMode = fileConfig.DHCPMode
+	}
+
+	// DHCP configuration - backoff attempts
+	if baseConfig.DHCPBackoffAttempts == DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts && fileConfig.DHCPBackoffAttempts != DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts {
+		baseConfig.DHCPBackoffAttempts = fileConfig.DHCPBackoffAttempts
+	}
+
+	// Health check configuration (HTTP listener for kube-vip readiness)
+	if baseConfig.HealthCheckPort == 0 && fileConfig.HealthCheckPort != 0 {
+		baseConfig.HealthCheckPort = fileConfig.HealthCheckPort
+	}
+
+	// Egress configuration
+	if baseConfig.EgressPodCidr == "" && fileConfig.EgressPodCidr != "" {
+		baseConfig.EgressPodCidr = fileConfig.EgressPodCidr
+	}
+	if baseConfig.EgressServiceCidr == "" && fileConfig.EgressServiceCidr != "" {
+		baseConfig.EgressServiceCidr = fileConfig.EgressServiceCidr
+	}
+
+	// Mirror configuration
+	if baseConfig.MirrorDestInterface == "" && fileConfig.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
+		baseConfig.MirrorDestInterface = fileConfig.MirrorDestInterface
+	}
+
+	// Iptables configuration
+	if baseConfig.IptablesBackend == "" && fileConfig.IptablesBackend != "" {
+		baseConfig.IptablesBackend = fileConfig.IptablesBackend
+	}
+
+	// Backend health check interval
+	if baseConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval == 0 && fileConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval != 0 {
+		baseConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval = fileConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval
+	}
+
+	// ARP broadcast rate
+	if baseConfig.ArpBroadcastRate == 0 && fileConfig.ArpBroadcastRate != 0 {
+		baseConfig.ArpBroadcastRate = fileConfig.ArpBroadcastRate
+	}
+
+	// Annotations
+	if baseConfig.Annotations == "" && fileConfig.Annotations != "" {
+		baseConfig.Annotations = fileConfig.Annotations
+	}
+
+	// Load balancers slice
+	if len(baseConfig.LoadBalancers) == 0 && len(fileConfig.LoadBalancers) > 0 {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancers = fileConfig.LoadBalancers
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeBGPConfig merges BGP configuration
+func mergeBGPConfig(base, file *BGPConfig) {
+	if base.RouterID == "" && file.RouterID != "" {
+		base.RouterID = file.RouterID
+	}
+	if base.AS == 0 && file.AS != 0 {
+		base.AS = file.AS
+	}
+	if base.SourceIF == "" && file.SourceIF != "" {
+		base.SourceIF = file.SourceIF
+	}
+	if base.SourceIP == "" && file.SourceIP != "" {
+		base.SourceIP = file.SourceIP
+	}
+	if base.HoldTime == 0 && file.HoldTime != 0 {
+		base.HoldTime = file.HoldTime
+	}
+	if base.KeepaliveInterval == 0 && file.KeepaliveInterval != 0 {
+		base.KeepaliveInterval = file.KeepaliveInterval
+	}
+	if len(base.Peers) == 0 && len(file.Peers) > 0 {
+		base.Peers = file.Peers
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeLeaderElectionConfig merges leader election configuration
+func mergeLeaderElectionConfig(base, file *KubernetesLeaderElection) {
+	if base.LeaseName == "" && file.LeaseName != "" {
+		base.LeaseName = file.LeaseName
+	}
+	if base.LeaseDuration == 0 && file.LeaseDuration != 0 {
+		base.LeaseDuration = file.LeaseDuration
+	}
+	if base.RenewDeadline == 0 && file.RenewDeadline != 0 {
+		base.RenewDeadline = file.RenewDeadline
+	}
+	if base.RetryPeriod == 0 && file.RetryPeriod != 0 {
+		base.RetryPeriod = file.RetryPeriod
+	}
+	if len(base.LeaseAnnotations) == 0 && len(file.LeaseAnnotations) > 0 {
+		base.LeaseAnnotations = file.LeaseAnnotations
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeHealthCheck merges HTTP health check configuration for BGP route advertisement.
+func mergeHealthCheck(base, file *HealthCheck) {
+	if base.Address == "" && file.Address != "" {
+		base.Address = file.Address
+	}
+	if base.PeriodSeconds == 0 && file.PeriodSeconds != 0 {
+		base.PeriodSeconds = file.PeriodSeconds
+	}
+	if base.TimeoutSeconds == 0 && file.TimeoutSeconds != 0 {
+		base.TimeoutSeconds = file.TimeoutSeconds
+	}
+	if base.FailureThreshold == 0 && file.FailureThreshold != 0 {
+		base.FailureThreshold = file.FailureThreshold
+	}
+	if base.CAPath == "" && file.CAPath != "" {
+		base.CAPath = file.CAPath
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_envvar.go

@@ -9,22 +9,25 @@ const (
 	// vip_arpRate - defines the rate of gARP broadcasts
 	vipArpRate = "vip_arpRate"
 
+	// vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss - if true, VIP addresses will remain on interface when leadership is lost
+	vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss = "vip_preserve_on_leadership_loss"
+
 	// vipLeaderElection - defines if the kubernetes algorithm should be used
 	vipLeaderElection = "vip_leaderelection"
 
 	// vipLeaseName - defines the name of the lease lock
 	vipLeaseName = "vip_leasename"
 
-	// vipLeaderElection - defines if the kubernetes algorithm should be used
+	// vipLeaseDuration - defines how long the current leader is considered valid
 	vipLeaseDuration = "vip_leaseduration"
 
-	// vipLeaderElection - defines if the kubernetes algorithm should be used
+	// vipRenewDeadline - defines how long the leader has to renew the lease before losing leadership
 	vipRenewDeadline = "vip_renewdeadline"
 
-	// vipLeaderElection - defines if the kubernetes algorithm should be used
+	// vipRetryPeriod - defines the time between attempts to acquire/renew the lease
 	vipRetryPeriod = "vip_retryperiod"
 
-	// vipLeaderElection - defines the annotations given to the lease lock
+	// vipLeaseAnnotations - defines the annotations given to the lease lock
 	vipLeaseAnnotations = "vip_leaseannotations"
 
 	// vipLogLevel - defines the level of logging to produce (5 being the most verbose)
@@ -109,6 +112,16 @@ const (
 	bgpHoldTime = "bgp_hold_time"
 	// bgpKeepaliveInterval defines bgp timers keepalive interval
 	bgpKeepaliveInterval = "bgp_keepalive_interval"
+	// controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress defines the URL for control-plane health checks (BGP route withdrawal)
+	controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress = "control_plane_health_check_address"
+	// controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds defines the period between control-plane health checks
+	controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds = "control_plane_health_check_period_seconds"
+	// controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds defines the timeout for each control-plane health check request
+	controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds = "control_plane_health_check_timeout_seconds"
+	// controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold defines consecutive failures before BGP route withdrawal
+	controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold = "control_plane_health_check_failure_threshold"
+	// controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath defines the path to a CA certificate for control-plane health check TLS verification
+	controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath = "control_plane_health_check_ca_path"
 
 	// zebraEnable defines if Zebra integraton should be enabled
 	zebraEnable = "zebra_enable"
@@ -209,6 +222,12 @@ const (
 	// dnsMode defines mode that DNS lookup will be performed with (first, ipv4, ipv6, dual)
 	dnsMode = "dns_mode"
 
+	// dhcpMode defines mode that DHCP lookup will be performed with (ipv4, ipv6, dual)
+	dhcpMode = "dhcp_mode"
+
+	// dhcpBackoffAttempts defines how many times DHCP client will try to obtain an IP address
+	dhcpBackoffAttempts = "dhcp_backoff_attempts"
+
 	// disableServiceUpdates disables service updating
 	disableServiceUpdates = "disable_service_updates"
 
@@ -234,4 +253,7 @@ const (
 
 	// egressClean enables egress cleaning on kube-vip's start
 	egressClean = "egress_clean"
+
+	// configFile defines the path to a JSON/YAML configuration file
+	configFile = "config_file"
 )

pkg/kubevip/config_file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLoadConfigFromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "kube-vip-config-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		filename       string
+		content        string
+		expectedConfig *Config
+		wantErr        bool
+		errContains    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Valid YAML config",
+			filename: "config.yaml",
+			content: `
+logging: 2
+enableARP: true
+enableControlPlane: true
+enableServices: true
+address: "192.168.1.100"
+port: 6443
+interface: "eth0"
+namespace: "kube-system"
+vipSubnet: "192.168.1.0/24"
+leaseName: "test-lease"
+leaseDuration: 15
+renewDeadline: 10
+retryPeriod: 2
+prometheusHTTPServer: ":2112"
+`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:              2,
+				EnableARP:            true,
+				EnableControlPlane:   true,
+				EnableServices:       true,
+				Address:              "192.168.1.100",
+				Port:                 6443,
+				Interface:            "eth0",
+				Namespace:            "kube-system",
+				VIPSubnet:            "192.168.1.0/24",
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":2112",
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "test-lease",
+					LeaseDuration: 15,
+					RenewDeadline: 10,
+					RetryPeriod:   2,
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Valid JSON config",
+			filename: "config.json",
+			content: `{
+  "logging": 3,
+  "enableBGP": true,
+  "enableServices": true,
+  "address": "10.0.0.100",
+  "port": 8443,
+  "interface": "ens192",
+  "namespace": "kube-system",
+  "loadBalancers": [
+    {
+      "name": "control-plane",
+      "ports": [
+        {
+          "type": "TCP",
+          "port": 6443
+        }
+      ],
+      "bindToVip": true,
+      "forwardingMethod": "local"
+    }
+  ]
+}`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:        3,
+				EnableBGP:      true,
+				EnableServices: true,
+				Address:        "10.0.0.100",
+				Port:           8443,
+				Interface:      "ens192",
+				Namespace:      "kube-system",
+				LoadBalancers: []LoadBalancer{
+					{
+						Name: "control-plane",
+						Ports: []Port{
+							{
+								Type: "TCP",
+								Port: 6443,
+							},
+						},
+						BindToVip:        true,
+						ForwardingMethod: "local",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Complex BGP config",
+			filename: "bgp-config.yaml",
+			content: `
+enableBGP: true
+bgpConfig:
+  routerID: "192.168.1.1"
+  as: 65000
+  sourceIF: "eth0"
+  holdTime: 60
+  keepaliveInterval: 20
+  peers:
+    - address: "192.168.1.2"
+      as: 65001
+      port: 179
+      multiHop: false
+    - address: "192.168.1.3"
+      as: 65002
+      port: 179
+      multiHop: true
+`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				EnableBGP: true,
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "192.168.1.1",
+					AS:                65000,
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",
+					HoldTime:          60,
+					KeepaliveInterval: 20,
+					Peers: []BGPPeer{
+						{
+							Address:  "192.168.1.2",
+							AS:       65001,
+							Port:     179,
+							MultiHop: false,
+						},
+						{
+							Address:  "192.168.1.3",
+							AS:       65002,
+							Port:     179,
+							MultiHop: true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid JSON",
+			filename:    "invalid.json",
+			content:     `{"logging": 2, "invalid": }`,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "failed to parse JSON config file",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid YAML",
+			filename:    "invalid.yaml",
+			content:     "logging: 2\ninvalid: [unclosed",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "failed to parse YAML config file",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Unsupported format",
+			filename:    "config.txt",
+			content:     "logging=2",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "unsupported config file format",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Empty path",
+			filename:    "",
+			content:     "",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "config file path is empty",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var filePath string
+			if tt.filename != "" {
+				filePath = filepath.Join(tmpDir, tt.filename)
+				if err := os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(tt.content), 0600); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to write test file: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			config, err := LoadConfigFromFile(filePath)
+
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() expected error, got nil")
+					return
+				}
+				if tt.errContains != "" && !containsString(err.Error(), tt.errContains) {
+					t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() error = %v, expected to contain %v", err, tt.errContains)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			if config == nil {
+				t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() returned nil config")
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Compare key fields
+			if config.Logging != tt.expectedConfig.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", config.Logging, tt.expectedConfig.Logging)
+			}
+			if config.EnableARP != tt.expectedConfig.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", config.EnableARP, tt.expectedConfig.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if config.EnableBGP != tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableBGP = %v, expected %v", config.EnableBGP, tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP)
+			}
+			if config.Address != tt.expectedConfig.Address {
+				t.Errorf("Address = %v, expected %v", config.Address, tt.expectedConfig.Address)
+			}
+			if config.Port != tt.expectedConfig.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", config.Port, tt.expectedConfig.Port)
+			}
+			if config.Interface != tt.expectedConfig.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", config.Interface, tt.expectedConfig.Interface)
+			}
+
+			// Test BGP config if present
+			if tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP {
+				if config.BGPConfig.RouterID != tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.RouterID = %v, expected %v", config.BGPConfig.RouterID, tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+				}
+				if config.BGPConfig.AS != tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.AS {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.AS = %v, expected %v", config.BGPConfig.AS, tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.AS)
+				}
+				if len(config.BGPConfig.Peers) != len(tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.Peers) {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.Peers length = %v, expected %v", len(config.BGPConfig.Peers), len(tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.Peers))
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Test LoadBalancers if present
+			if len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers) > 0 {
+				if len(config.LoadBalancers) != len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers) {
+					t.Errorf("LoadBalancers length = %v, expected %v", len(config.LoadBalancers), len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeConfigFromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "kube-vip-merge-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	// Create test config file
+	configFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test-config.yaml")
+	configContent := `
+logging: 3
+enableARP: true
+enableServices: true
+address: "192.168.1.200"
+port: 6443
+interface: "eth1"
+namespace: "test-namespace"
+leaseName: "file-lease"
+leaseDuration: 20
+prometheusHTTPServer: ":3000"
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(configContent), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write test config file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		baseConfig     *Config
+		configFilePath string
+		expected       *Config
+		wantErr        bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Merge with empty base config",
+			baseConfig:     &Config{},
+			configFilePath: configFile,
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging:              3,
+				EnableARP:            true,
+				EnableServices:       true,
+				Address:              "192.168.1.200",
+				Port:                 6443,
+				Interface:            "eth1",
+				Namespace:            "test-namespace",
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":3000",
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease",
+					LeaseDuration: 20,
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge respects existing values (priority test)",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:   5,      // Should not be overridden
+				Port:      8443,   // Should not be overridden
+				Interface: "eth0", // Should not be overridden
+			},
+			configFilePath: configFile,
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging:              5,                // From base (higher priority)
+				EnableARP:            true,             // From file
+				EnableServices:       true,             // From file
+				Address:              "192.168.1.200",  // From file
+				Port:                 8443,             // From base (higher priority)
+				Interface:            "eth0",           // From base (higher priority)
+				Namespace:            "test-namespace", // From file
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":3000",          // From file
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease", // From file
+					LeaseDuration: 20,           // From file
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty config file path",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			configFilePath: "",
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging: 1, // Unchanged
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Non-existent config file",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			configFilePath: "/non/existent/file.yaml",
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := MergeConfigFromFile(tt.baseConfig, tt.configFilePath)
+
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("MergeConfigFromFile() expected error, got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("MergeConfigFromFile() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Compare key fields
+			if tt.baseConfig.Logging != tt.expected.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Logging, tt.expected.Logging)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableARP != tt.expected.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableARP, tt.expected.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Address != tt.expected.Address {
+				t.Errorf("Address = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Address, tt.expected.Address)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Port != tt.expected.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Port, tt.expected.Port)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Interface != tt.expected.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Interface, tt.expected.Interface)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Namespace != tt.expected.Namespace {
+				t.Errorf("Namespace = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Namespace, tt.expected.Namespace)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer != tt.expected.PrometheusHTTPServer {
+				t.Errorf("PrometheusHTTPServer = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer, tt.expected.PrometheusHTTPServer)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		baseConfig   *Config
+		fileConfig   *Config
+		expectedBase *Config
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Merge basic configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 5, // Should not be overridden
+				Port:    0, // Should be overridden
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:   2,
+				Port:      6443,
+				Interface: "eth0",
+				Address:   "192.168.1.100",
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				Logging:   5,               // From base (non-zero)
+				Port:      6443,            // From file (base was zero)
+				Interface: "eth0",          // From file (base was empty)
+				Address:   "192.168.1.100", // From file (base was empty)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge boolean flags",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				EnableARP: true, // Should not be overridden
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				EnableARP:       false, // Should not override true
+				EnableBGP:       true,  // Should be set
+				EnableServices:  true,  // Should be set
+				EnableWireguard: false, // Should not be set (false doesn't override false)
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				EnableARP:       true,  // From base (true has priority)
+				EnableBGP:       true,  // From file
+				EnableServices:  true,  // From file
+				EnableWireguard: false, // Remains false
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge BGP configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID: "1.1.1.1", // Should not be overridden
+				},
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "2.2.2.2", // Should not override
+					AS:                65000,     // Should be set
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",    // Should be set
+					HoldTime:          30,        // Should be set
+					KeepaliveInterval: 10,        // Should be set
+				},
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "1.1.1.1", // From base (non-empty)
+					AS:                65000,     // From file (base was zero)
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",    // From file (base was empty)
+					HoldTime:          30,        // From file (base was zero)
+					KeepaliveInterval: 10,        // From file (base was zero)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge leader election configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName: "base-lease", // Should not be overridden
+				},
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease", // Should not override
+					LeaseDuration: 15,           // Should be set
+					RenewDeadline: 10,           // Should be set
+					RetryPeriod:   2,            // Should be set
+				},
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "base-lease", // From base (non-empty)
+					LeaseDuration: 15,           // From file (base was zero)
+					RenewDeadline: 10,           // From file (base was zero)
+					RetryPeriod:   2,            // From file (base was zero)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mergeConfigValues(tt.baseConfig, tt.fileConfig)
+
+			// Compare results
+			if tt.baseConfig.Logging != tt.expectedBase.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Logging, tt.expectedBase.Logging)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Port != tt.expectedBase.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Port, tt.expectedBase.Port)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Interface != tt.expectedBase.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Interface, tt.expectedBase.Interface)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableARP != tt.expectedBase.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableARP, tt.expectedBase.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableBGP != tt.expectedBase.EnableBGP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableBGP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableBGP, tt.expectedBase.EnableBGP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID != tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.RouterID {
+				t.Errorf("BGPConfig.RouterID = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID, tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.AS != tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.AS {
+				t.Errorf("BGPConfig.AS = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.AS, tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.AS)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName != tt.expectedBase.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName {
+				t.Errorf("KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName, tt.expectedBase.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadConfigFromFile_FileNotExists(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := LoadConfigFromFile("/non/existent/path/config.yaml")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("LoadConfigFromFile() expected error for non-existent file, got nil")
+	}
+	if !containsString(err.Error(), "config file does not exist") {
+		t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() error = %v, expected to contain 'config file does not exist'", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to check if a string contains a substring
+func containsString(str, substr string) bool {
+	return len(str) >= len(substr) && (str == substr || len(substr) == 0 ||
+		(len(substr) > 0 && func() bool {
+			for i := 0; i <= len(str)-len(substr); i++ {
+				if str[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
+		}()))
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_generator.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/name"
 	appv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	applyCoreV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/core/v1"
 	applyMetaV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/meta/v1"
 	applyRbacV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/rbac/v1"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )
 
@@ -167,7 +167,11 @@ func GenerateRoleBinding(rolebinding bool, saCfg *applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountAppl
 }
 
 // generatePodSpec will take a kube-vip config and generate a Pod spec
-func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod {
+func generatePodSpec(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) (*corev1.Pod, error) {
+	imageRef, err := name.NewTag(image, name.WeakValidation, name.WithDefaultTag(imageVersion))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %q: %w", image, err)
+	}
 	command := "manager"
 
 	// Determine where the pods should be living (for multi-tenancy)
@@ -251,6 +255,28 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, dnsModeSelector...)
 	}
 
+	if c.DHCPMode != "" {
+		// build environment variables
+		dhcpModeSelector := []corev1.EnvVar{
+			{
+				Name:  dhcpMode,
+				Value: c.DHCPMode,
+			},
+		}
+		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, dhcpModeSelector...)
+	}
+
+	if c.DHCPBackoffAttempts != DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts {
+		// build environment variables
+		dhcpBackoff := []corev1.EnvVar{
+			{
+				Name:  dhcpBackoffAttempts,
+				Value: strconv.FormatUint(uint64(c.DHCPBackoffAttempts), 10),
+			},
+		}
+		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, dhcpBackoff...)
+	}
+
 	// If we're doing the hybrid mode
 	if c.EnableControlPlane {
 		cp := []corev1.EnvVar{
@@ -481,6 +507,40 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 
 	}
 
+	if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address != "" {
+		healthCheckVars := []corev1.EnvVar{
+			{
+				Name:  controlPlaneHealthCheckAddress,
+				Value: c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address,
+			},
+		}
+		if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.PeriodSeconds > 0 {
+			healthCheckVars = append(healthCheckVars, corev1.EnvVar{
+				Name:  controlPlaneHealthCheckPeriodSeconds,
+				Value: fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.PeriodSeconds),
+			})
+		}
+		if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.TimeoutSeconds > 0 {
+			healthCheckVars = append(healthCheckVars, corev1.EnvVar{
+				Name:  controlPlaneHealthCheckTimeoutSeconds,
+				Value: fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.TimeoutSeconds),
+			})
+		}
+		if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold > 0 {
+			healthCheckVars = append(healthCheckVars, corev1.EnvVar{
+				Name:  controlPlaneHealthCheckFailureThreshold,
+				Value: fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.FailureThreshold),
+			})
+		}
+		if c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath != "" {
+			healthCheckVars = append(healthCheckVars, corev1.EnvVar{
+				Name:  controlPlaneHealthCheckCAPath,
+				Value: c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.CAPath,
+			})
+		}
+		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, healthCheckVars...)
+	}
+
 	// If the load-balancer is enabled then add the configuration to the manifest
 	if c.EnableLoadBalancer {
 		lb := []corev1.EnvVar{
@@ -561,7 +621,7 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 
 	var securityContext *corev1.SecurityContext
 	if c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod == "masquerade" {
-		var privileged = true
+		privileged := true
 		securityContext = &corev1.SecurityContext{
 			Privileged: &privileged,
 		}
@@ -579,6 +639,16 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		}
 	}
 
+	if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+		preserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss := []corev1.EnvVar{
+			{
+				Name:  vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss,
+				Value: strconv.FormatBool(c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss),
+			},
+		}
+		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, preserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss...)
+	}
+
 	newManifest := &corev1.Pod{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
 			Kind:       "Pod",
@@ -592,7 +662,7 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 			Containers: []corev1.Container{
 				{
 					Name:            "kube-vip",
-					Image:           fmt.Sprintf("ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip:%s", imageVersion),
+					Image:           imageRef.Name(),
 					ImagePullPolicy: corev1.PullIfNotPresent,
 					SecurityContext: securityContext,
 					Args: []string{
@@ -633,18 +703,24 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		newManifest.Spec.HostAliases = append(newManifest.Spec.HostAliases, hostAlias)
 	}
 
-	return newManifest
+	return newManifest, nil
 }
 
 // GeneratePodManifestFromConfig will take a kube-vip config and generate a manifest
-func GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) string {
-	newManifest := generatePodSpec(c, imageVersion, inCluster)
-	b, _ := yaml.Marshal(newManifest)
-	return string(b)
+func GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) (string, error) {
+	newManifest, err := generatePodSpec(c, image, imageVersion, inCluster)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	b, err := yaml.Marshal(newManifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal manifest: %w", err)
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
 }
 
 // GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig will take a kube-vip config and generate a manifest
-func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster, taint bool) string {
+func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster, taint bool) (string, error) {
 	// Determine where the pod should be deployed
 	var namespace string
 	if c.ServiceNamespace != "" {
@@ -653,7 +729,11 @@ func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inClust
 		namespace = metav1.NamespaceSystem
 	}
 
-	podSpec := generatePodSpec(c, imageVersion, inCluster).Spec
+	pod, err := generatePodSpec(c, image, imageVersion, inCluster)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
 	newManifest := &appv1.DaemonSet{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
 			Kind:       "DaemonSet",
@@ -680,7 +760,7 @@ func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inClust
 						"app.kubernetes.io/version": imageVersion,
 					},
 				},
-				Spec: podSpec,
+				Spec: pod.Spec,
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -730,5 +810,5 @@ func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inClust
 	delete(m, "status")
 
 	b, _ = yaml.Marshal(m)
-	return string(b)
+	return string(b), nil
 }

pkg/kubevip/config_generator_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package kubevip
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
 
 func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 
@@ -9,8 +12,8 @@ func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 		c       *Config
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		{"", nil, false},
-		{"", &Config{Interface: "eth0", ServicesInterface: "eth1"}, false},
+		{"nil config", nil, false},
+		{"basic config", &Config{Interface: "eth0", ServicesInterface: "eth1"}, false},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Logf("%v", tt.c)
@@ -21,3 +24,53 @@ func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseEnvironmentConfigFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Save original environment
+	originalConfigFile := os.Getenv("config_file")
+	defer func() {
+		if originalConfigFile != "" {
+			os.Setenv("config_file", originalConfigFile)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("config_file")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		envValue       string
+		expectedConfig string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "config_file environment variable set",
+			envValue:       "/etc/kube-vip/config.yaml",
+			expectedConfig: "/etc/kube-vip/config.yaml",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config_file environment variable empty",
+			envValue:       "",
+			expectedConfig: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Set environment variable
+			if tt.envValue != "" {
+				os.Setenv("config_file", tt.envValue)
+			} else {
+				os.Unsetenv("config_file")
+			}
+
+			config := &Config{}
+			err := ParseEnvironment(config)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("ParseEnvironment() unexpected error = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if config.ConfigFile != tt.expectedConfig {
+				t.Errorf("ConfigFile = %v, expected %v", config.ConfigFile, tt.expectedConfig)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_manager.go

@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ const (
 	Auto = "auto"
 )
 
+func (c *Config) CheckSubnetExists() error {
+	if c.VIPSubnet == "" && c.VIP != "" && c.Address == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vip_subnet must be set if using vip_address instead of address environment variable")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (c *Config) CheckInterface() error {
 	if c.Interface != "" {
 		if err := isValidInterface(c.Interface); err != nil {

pkg/kubevip/config_manager_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestCheckSubnetExists(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		config  Config
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "vip only without subnet returns error",
+			config: Config{
+				VIP: "172.18.0.20",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vip with subnet does not return error",
+			config: Config{
+				VIP:       "172.18.0.20",
+				VIPSubnet: "32",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "address only without subnet does not return error",
+			config: Config{
+				Address: "172.18.0.20",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "address overrides vip without subnet",
+			config: Config{
+				VIP:     "172.18.0.20",
+				Address: "172.18.0.30",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty config does not return error",
+			config:  Config{},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := tt.config.CheckSubnetExists()
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("CheckSubnetExists() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_types.go

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 package kubevip
 
-import (
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-)
-
 // Config defines all of the settings for the Kube-Vip Pod
 type Config struct {
 	// Logging, settings
@@ -54,6 +50,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// ArpBroadcastRate, defines how often kube-vip will update the network about updates to the network
 	ArpBroadcastRate int64 `yaml:"arpBroadcastRate"`
 
+	// PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss, if true, VIP addresses will remain on interface when leadership is lost (only ARP/NDP broadcasting stops)
+	// If false, VIP addresses are deleted on leadership loss (legacy behavior)
+	PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss bool `yaml:"preserveVipOnLeadershipLoss"`
+
 	// Annotations will define if we're going to wait and lookup configuration from Kubernetes node annotations
 	Annotations string
 
@@ -128,10 +128,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	CleanRoutingTable bool `yaml:"cleanRoutingTable"`
 
 	// BGP Configuration
-	BGPConfig     bgp.Config
-	BGPPeerConfig bgp.Peer
+	BGPConfig     BGPConfig
+	BGPPeerConfig BGPPeer
 	BGPPeers      []string
 
+	// ControlPlaneHealthCheck configures HTTP polling of the control plane when using BGP without
+	// leader election. If the health check fails, the BGP route will be withdrawn.
+	ControlPlaneHealthCheck HealthCheck `yaml:"controlPlaneHealthCheck,omitempty"`
+
 	// LoadBalancers are the various services we can load balance over
 	LoadBalancers []LoadBalancer `yaml:"loadBalancers,omitempty"`
 
@@ -158,6 +162,16 @@ type Config struct {
 	// DNSMode, this will set the mode DSN lookup will be performed (first, ipv4, ipv6, dual)
 	DNSMode string `yaml:"dnsDualStackMode"`
 
+	// IsDualStack reports if service is DualStack.
+	IsDualStack bool
+
+	// RequireDualStack defines if DualStack is required for the service. Based on service's Spec.ipFamilyPolicy field.
+	RequireDualStack bool
+
+	// DNSMode, this will set the mode DHCP lookup will be performed for DDNS (ipv4, ipv6, dual). By default will be the same as DNSMode.
+	// If DNSMode is 'first', IPv4 will be used.
+	DHCPMode string `yaml:"dhcpDualStackMode"`
+
 	// DisableServiceUpdates, if true, kube-vip will only advertise service, but it will not update service's Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress slice
 	DisableServiceUpdates bool `yaml:"disableServiceUpdates"`
 
@@ -186,6 +200,12 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	// EgressClean, enables egress cleaning on Kube-vip's start
 	EgressClean bool `yaml:"egressClean"`
+
+	// ConfigFile defines the path to a JSON/YAML configuration file
+	ConfigFile string `yaml:"configFile"`
+
+	// DHCPBackoffAttempts defaines how many times will DHCP client try to obtain address (unlimited when 0)
+	DHCPBackoffAttempts uint `yaml:"dhcpBackoffAttempts"`
 }
 
 // KubernetesLeaderElection defines all of the settings for Kubernetes KubernetesLeaderElection
@@ -217,12 +237,29 @@ type Etcd struct {
 	Endpoints      []string
 }
 
+// HealthCheck defines HTTP health-check settings for control-plane polling when using BGP
+// without leader election.
+type HealthCheck struct {
+	// Address is the URL to poll to check the health of the control-plane. If the health
+	// check fails, the BGP route will be withdrawn.
+	Address string `yaml:"address"`
+	// PeriodSeconds is the interval in seconds between health checks.
+	PeriodSeconds int `yaml:"periodSeconds"`
+	// TimeoutSeconds is the timeout per health check request. If a request takes longer
+	// than this timeout, the health check is considered failed.
+	TimeoutSeconds int `yaml:"timeoutSeconds"`
+	// FailureThreshold is the number of consecutive failures before route withdrawal.
+	FailureThreshold int `yaml:"failureThreshold"`
+	// CAPath is the CA certificate path used for TLS verification when Address is an HTTPS URL.
+	CAPath string `yaml:"caPath"`
+}
+
 // LoadBalancer contains the configuration of a load balancing instance
 type LoadBalancer struct {
 	// Name of a LoadBalancer
 	Name string `yaml:"name"`
 
-	//Ports exposed by a LoadBalancer
+	// Ports exposed by a LoadBalancer
 	Ports []Port
 
 	// BindToVip will bind the load balancer port to the VIP itself

pkg/kubevip/config_validation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Validate runs configuration checks that are independent of host state.
+// This should be called after all config sources (flags, file, env vars) are merged.
+func (c *Config) Validate() error {
+	if err := validateHealthCheckAddress(c.ControlPlaneHealthCheck.Address); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateHealthCheckAddress(address string) error {
+	if address == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	parsedURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("control_plane_health_check_address %q is not a valid URL: %w", address, err)
+	}
+
+	scheme := strings.ToLower(parsedURL.Scheme)
+	if scheme != "http" && scheme != "https" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("control_plane_health_check_address %q has unsupported scheme %q, expected http or https", address, parsedURL.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/kubevip/config_validation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestValidate_HealthCheckAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		address string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"empty address (disabled)", "", false},
+		{"valid http URL", "http://localhost:6443/livez", false},
+		{"valid https URL", "https://localhost:6443/livez", false},
+		{"https with path", "https://127.0.0.1:6443/readyz?verbose", false},
+		{"invalid URL", "not-a-url", true},
+		{"ftp scheme", "ftp://localhost/file", true},
+		{"tcp scheme", "tcp://localhost:6443", true},
+		{"missing scheme", "localhost:6443/livez", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := &Config{ControlPlaneHealthCheck: HealthCheck{Address: tt.address}}
+			err := c.Validate()
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("Validate() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/kubevip/constants.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package kubevip
+
+const (
+	LBClassName = "kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class"
+
+	DefaultDHCPBackoffAttempts = 3
+)

pkg/kubevip/labels.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+)
+
+const (
+	// ServiceProvided is the name of the label that will be added to the node
+	ServiceProvided = "service-provided.kube-vip.io"
+
+	// label used on nodes, which announce the LoadBalancer IP
+	HasIP = "kube-vip.io/has-ip"
+)
+
+var kubevipLabelKeys = []string{
+	ServiceProvided,
+	HasIP,
+}
+
+func GetKeysForCleanup() []string {
+	return slices.Clone(kubevipLabelKeys)
+}

pkg/lease/lease.go

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package lease
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// Manager is used to manage leases.
+type Manager struct {
+	leases map[string]*Lease
+	lock   sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// NewManager creates new lease manager.
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		leases: make(map[string]*Lease),
+	}
+}
+
+// Add adds lease to the manager.
+// It returns three values:
+// - lease for the object
+// - isNewObject, which reports if it is a new object that is being handled
+// - isSharedLease, which is true if object shares the lease with another object
+// If object is new but not shared, we should start leaderelection and sync it
+// If object is new and shared, we should only sync it as the leaderelection should be already handled
+// If object is not new we should do nothing
+func (m *Manager) Add(ctx context.Context, id ID) *Lease {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	if _, exists := m.leases[id.NamespacedName()]; !exists {
+		leaseCtx, leaseCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		m.leases[id.NamespacedName()] = newLease(leaseCtx, leaseCancel)
+	}
+
+	return m.leases[id.NamespacedName()]
+}
+
+// Delete removes the lease and cancels it if the lease counter equals 0.
+func (m *Manager) Delete(id ID, objectName string) {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	if _, exist := m.leases[id.NamespacedName()]; exist {
+		m.leases[id.NamespacedName()].delete(objectName)
+		if m.leases[id.NamespacedName()].cnt.Load() < 1 {
+			m.leases[id.NamespacedName()].Cancel()
+			delete(m.leases, id.NamespacedName())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns lease for the service.
+func (m *Manager) Get(id ID) *Lease {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if lease, exist := m.leases[id.NamespacedName()]; exist {
+		return lease
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Lease holds lease data.
+type Lease struct {
+	Ctx      context.Context
+	Cancel   context.CancelFunc
+	Started  chan any
+	services sync.Map
+	cnt      atomic.Int64
+	Elected  atomic.Bool
+	Mtx      sync.Mutex
+	locked   bool
+}
+
+func newLease(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc) *Lease {
+	return &Lease{
+		Ctx:     ctx,
+		Cancel:  cancel,
+		Started: make(chan any),
+	}
+}
+
+// Add adds the object to the lease and increments counter
+// it will return true if object was added
+func (l *Lease) Add(name string) bool {
+	if _, exists := l.services.Load(name); !exists {
+		l.services.Store(name, true)
+		l.cnt.Add(1)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// delete removes the service from the lease and decrements the counter
+func (l *Lease) delete(service string) {
+	if _, exists := l.services.Load(service); exists {
+		l.services.Delete(service)
+		l.cnt.Add(-1)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) Lock() {
+	l.Mtx.Lock()
+	l.locked = true
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) Unlock() {
+	if l.locked {
+		l.locked = false
+		l.Mtx.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+// ServiceName gets lease name and id for the service.
+func ServiceName(service *v1.Service) (string, string) {
+	name, exists := service.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceLease]
+	if !exists || name == "" {
+		name = fmt.Sprintf("kubevip-%s", service.Name)
+	}
+
+	serviceLeaseParts := strings.Split(name, "/")
+	namespace := service.Namespace
+
+	if len(serviceLeaseParts) > 1 {
+		namespace = serviceLeaseParts[0]
+		name = serviceLeaseParts[1]
+	}
+
+	return namespace, name
+}
+
+func ServiceNamespacedName(service *v1.Service) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", service.Namespace, service.Name)
+}
+
+func ObjectName(id ID, suffix string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", id.NamespacedName(), suffix)
+}
+
+func NamespaceName(lease string, c *kubevip.Config) (string, string) {
+	leaseName := lease
+	leasnameParts := strings.Split(lease, "/")
+	var ns string
+	var err error
+	if len(leasnameParts) > 1 {
+		ns = leasnameParts[0]
+		leaseName = leasnameParts[1]
+	} else {
+		ns, err = returnNamespace()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("unable to auto-detect namespace, dropping to config", "namespace", c.Namespace)
+			ns = c.Namespace
+		}
+	}
+	return ns, leaseName
+}
+
+func returnNamespace() (string, error) {
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile("/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace"); err == nil {
+		if ns := strings.TrimSpace(string(data)); len(ns) > 0 {
+			return ns, nil
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to find Namespace")
+}
+
+type ID interface {
+	Name() string
+	Namespace() string
+	NamespacedName() string
+}
+
+type CommonID struct {
+	namespace string
+	name      string
+}
+
+func NewID(leaseType, namespace, name string) ID {
+	if leaseType == "etcd" {
+		return newEtcdID(namespace, name)
+	}
+	return newKubernetesID(namespace, name)
+}
+
+func newKubernetesID(namespace, name string) ID {
+	return &KubernetesID{
+		CommonID: CommonID{
+			namespace: namespace,
+			name:      name,
+		},
+	}
+}
+func newEtcdID(namespace, name string) ID {
+	return &EtcdID{
+		CommonID: CommonID{
+			namespace: namespace,
+			name:      name,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *CommonID) Name() string {
+	return c.name
+}
+
+func (c *CommonID) Namespace() string {
+	return c.namespace
+}
+
+type KubernetesID struct {
+	CommonID
+}
+
+func (k *KubernetesID) NamespacedName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", k.namespace, k.name)
+}
+
+type EtcdID struct {
+	CommonID
+}
+
+func (e *EtcdID) NamespacedName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", e.namespace, e.name)
+}

pkg/lease/lease_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+package lease
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+)
+
+func createTestService(name, namespace string, annotations map[string]string) *v1.Service {
+	return &v1.Service{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:        name,
+			Namespace:   namespace,
+			Annotations: annotations,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func getSvcID(svc *v1.Service) ID {
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("kubernetes", namespace, name)
+	return id
+}
+
+func getSvcData(svc *v1.Service) (context.Context, ID) {
+	return context.TODO(), getSvcID(svc)
+}
+
+const serviceLeaseAnnotation = kubevip.ServiceLease
+
+// TestManager_Add_NewLease tests adding a new service with a new lease
+func TestManager_Add_NewLease(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	leaseID := mgr.Add(getSvcData(svc))
+	isNew := leaseID.Add(ServiceNamespacedName(svc))
+
+	if !isNew {
+		t.Error("expected isNew to be true for first Add")
+	}
+	if leaseID == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected lease to be non-nil")
+	}
+	if leaseID.Ctx == nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease context to be non-nil")
+	}
+	if leaseID.Cancel == nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease cancel func to be non-nil")
+	}
+	if leaseID.Started == nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease Started channel to be non-nil")
+	}
+
+}
+
+// TestManager_Add_ExistingLease tests adding a service with an existing lease
+func TestManager_Add_ExistingLease(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	leaseID1 := mgr.Add(getSvcData(svc))
+	isNew1 := leaseID1.Add(ServiceNamespacedName(svc))
+
+	leaseID2 := mgr.Add(getSvcData(svc))
+	isNew2 := leaseID2.Add(ServiceNamespacedName(svc))
+
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Error("expected first Add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second Add to return isNew=false")
+	}
+	if leaseID1 != leaseID2 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease to be returned for same service")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_Delete_DecrementCounter tests the decrement counter functionality
+func TestManager_Delete_DecrementCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	// Add twice (simulating adding same service twice)
+	objectName := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	_ = lease1.Add(objectName)
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	_ = lease2.Add(objectName)
+
+	// Delete once - should remove the lease
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName)
+
+	lease := mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc))
+	if lease != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after first delete if same service was processed twice")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_Delete_CancelsContext tests the context cancellation on delete
+func TestManager_Delete_CancelsContext(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	objectName := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	_ = lease1.Add(objectName)
+
+	// Verify context is not cancelled
+	select {
+	case <-lease1.Ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("expected context to not be cancelled initially")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+
+	// Delete the lease
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName)
+
+	// Verify context is cancelled
+	select {
+	case <-lease1.Ctx.Done():
+		// Expected
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Error("expected context to be cancelled after delete")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_Add_AfterDelete_CreatesNewLease tests adding a service after deleting it
+func TestManager_Add_AfterDelete_CreatesNewLease(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	objectName := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	_ = lease1.Add(objectName)
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName)
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew := lease2.Add(objectName)
+
+	if !isNew {
+		t.Error("expected isNew to be true after delete and re-add")
+	}
+	if lease1 == lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected new lease to be different from old lease")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_Add_DifferentServices tests adding services with different names
+func TestManager_Add_DifferentServices(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc1 := createTestService("svc1", "default", nil)
+	svc2 := createTestService("svc2", "default", nil)
+
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc1)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc1)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	objectName2 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc2)
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc2)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName2)
+
+	if !isNew1 || !isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected both adds to return isNew=true")
+	}
+	if lease1 == lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected different leases for different services")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_Add_SameNameDifferentNamespace tests adding services with the same name but different namespaces
+func TestManager_Add_SameNameDifferentNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc1 := createTestService("test-svc", "namespace1", nil)
+	svc2 := createTestService("test-svc", "namespace2", nil)
+
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc1)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc1)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	objectName2 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc2)
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc2)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName2)
+
+	if !isNew1 || !isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected both adds to return isNew=true")
+	}
+	if lease1 == lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected different leases for services in different namespaces")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_ConcurrentAccess tests concurrent access to the lease manager
+func TestManager_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("test-svc", "default", nil)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	const numGoroutines = 100
+
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+
+	added := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if !added {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be added")
+	}
+
+	// Concurrent adds
+	for range numGoroutines {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			added := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+			if added {
+				t.Error("expected lease to already exist")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+
+	// After a one delete, lease should be gone
+	lease := mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc))
+	if lease != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after all concurrent deletes")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLease_StartedChannel tests the Started channel behavior
+func TestLease_StartedChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	lease := newLease(ctx, cancel)
+
+	// Started channel should be open initially
+	select {
+	case <-lease.Started:
+		t.Fatal("expected Started channel to be open initially")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+
+	// Close the channel
+	close(lease.Started)
+
+	// Now it should be closed
+	select {
+	case <-lease.Started:
+		// Expected
+	default:
+		t.Error("expected Started channel to be closed after close()")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithoutAnnotation tests with no annotation
+func TestGetName_WithoutAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", nil)
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("kubernetes", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "kubevip-my-service"
+	expectedID := "my-namespace/kubevip-my-service"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithAnnotation tests with a shared lease annotation
+func TestGetName_WithAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", map[string]string{
+		serviceLeaseAnnotation: "shared-lease",
+	})
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("kubernetes", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "shared-lease"
+	expectedID := "my-namespace/shared-lease"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithAnnotation tests with a shared lease annotation
+func TestGetName_WithAnnotationAndOverriddenNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", map[string]string{
+		serviceLeaseAnnotation: "other-namespace/shared-lease",
+	})
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("kubernetes", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "shared-lease"
+	expectedID := "other-namespace/shared-lease"
+	expectedNamespace := "other-namespace"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+	if id.Namespace() != expectedNamespace {
+		t.Errorf("expected namespace %q, got %q", expectedNamespace, id.Namespace())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithoutAnnotation_Etcd tests with no annotation
+func TestGetName_WithoutAnnotation_Etcd(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", nil)
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("etcd", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "kubevip-my-service"
+	expectedID := "my-namespace-kubevip-my-service"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithAnnotation_Etcd tests with a shared lease annotation
+func TestGetName_WithAnnotation_Etcd(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", map[string]string{
+		serviceLeaseAnnotation: "shared-lease",
+	})
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("etcd", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "shared-lease"
+	expectedID := "my-namespace-shared-lease"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetName_WithAnnotation_Etcd tests with a shared lease annotation
+func TestGetName_WithAnnotationAndOverriddenNamespace_Etcd(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := createTestService("my-service", "my-namespace", map[string]string{
+		serviceLeaseAnnotation: "other-namespace/shared-lease",
+	})
+
+	namespace, name := ServiceName(svc)
+	id := NewID("etcd", namespace, name)
+
+	expectedName := "shared-lease"
+	expectedID := "other-namespace-shared-lease"
+	expectedNamespace := "other-namespace"
+
+	if id.Name() != expectedName {
+		t.Errorf("expected name %q, got %q", expectedName, id.Name())
+	}
+	if id.NamespacedName() != expectedID {
+		t.Errorf("expected id %q, got %q", expectedID, id.NamespacedName())
+	}
+	if id.Namespace() != expectedNamespace {
+		t.Errorf("expected namespace %q, got %q", expectedNamespace, id.Namespace())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_LeaderElectionRestartScenario simulates the bug scenario where
+// leadership is lost and the restartable service watcher tries to restart
+// the leader election. This test verifies that after deleting the lease,
+// a new lease can be created.
+func TestManager_LeaderElectionRestartScenario_etcd(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("traefik", "traefik", nil)
+
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate leadership acquired - close Started channel
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Simulate leadership lost - the leader election function should delete the lease
+	// This is the fix: delete the lease when RunOrDie returns
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+
+	// Verify lease is removed
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after delete")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate restartable service watcher calling StartServicesLeaderElection again
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if !isNew2 {
+		t.Fatal("expected second add after delete to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Verify we got a new lease with a fresh Started channel
+	if lease1 == lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected new lease to be different from old lease")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the new Started channel is not closed
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Started:
+		t.Error("expected new lease's Started channel to be open")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_CommonLeaseScenario tests the common lease feature where
+// multiple services share the same lease.
+func TestManager_CommonLeaseScenario(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+
+	// Two services sharing the same lease via annotation
+	sharedLeaseAnnotations := map[string]string{
+		serviceLeaseAnnotation: "shared-lease",
+	}
+	svc1 := createTestService("svc1", "default", sharedLeaseAnnotations)
+	svc2 := createTestService("svc2", "default", sharedLeaseAnnotations)
+
+	// First service gets a new lease
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc1)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc1)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Error("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate first service starting leadership
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	objectName2 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc2)
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc2)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease2.Add(objectName2)
+
+	// Second service should get the same lease
+	if !isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second add with same lease name to return isNew=true")
+	}
+	if lease1 != lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease for services with same lease annotation")
+	}
+
+	// Delete first service - lease should still exist
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc1)) == nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to still exist after first delete")
+	}
+
+	// Delete second service - lease should be removed
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID2, objectName2)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc2)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after all services deleted")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_RaceCondition_LeaseExistsBeforeDelete tests the scenario where
+// a second goroutine calls Add before the first goroutine's defer deletes the lease.
+// This simulates the race condition that could cause the gaps in the logs where there is no leader.
+func TestManager_RaceCondition_LeaseExistsBeforeDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("traefik", "traefik", nil)
+
+	// Simulate first leader election start
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate leadership acquired - close Started channel
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Simulate a second goroutine calling Add BEFORE the first goroutine's defer deletes the lease
+	// This is the race condition scenario
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second add before delete to return isNew=false")
+	}
+	if lease1 != lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease to be returned")
+	}
+
+	// The Started channel should be closed (from the first run)
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Started:
+		// Expected - channel is closed
+	default:
+		t.Error("expected Started channel to be closed")
+	}
+
+	// Now the first goroutine's defer deletes the lease
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+
+	// The lease should not still exist because same service was processed twice, so we do not increment the counter
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease tonot exist")
+	}
+
+	// Second delete does nothing
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID2, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to not exist")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_NonCommonLease_MultipleAdds tests that multiple Adds for a non-common
+// lease service increment the counter correctly.
+func TestManager_NonCommonLease_MultipleAdds(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("traefik", "traefik", nil) // No common lease annotation
+
+	// First Add
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Error("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Close Started to simulate leadership acquired
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Second Add (simulating another goroutine or restart attempt)
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second add to return isNew=false")
+	}
+	if lease1 != lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease")
+	}
+
+	// Third Add
+	ctx3, leaseID3 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease3 := mgr.Add(ctx3, leaseID3)
+	isNew3 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	if isNew3 {
+		t.Error("expected third add to return isNew=false")
+	}
+	if lease1 != lease3 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease")
+	}
+
+	// Need one delete to remove the lease, another delete runs do nothing
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be deleted")
+	}
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID2, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be deleted")
+	}
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID3, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be deleted")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_LeaseContextCancelledBeforeStarted tests the scenario where
+// the lease context is cancelled before the Started channel is closed.
+// This can happen if leadership is never acquired and the context times out.
+func TestManager_LeaseContextCancelledBeforeStarted(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("traefik", "traefik", nil)
+
+	// First Add
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second add to return isNew=false")
+	}
+
+	// Verify Started is not closed yet
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Started:
+		t.Error("expected Started channel to be open")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+
+	// Cancel the lease context (simulating timeout or leadership loss before acquiring)
+	lease1.Cancel()
+
+	// Verify context is cancelled
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Ctx.Done():
+		// Expected
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Error("expected context to be cancelled")
+	}
+
+	// Delete should still work
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID2, objectName1)
+
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_RestartAfterLeaseContextCancelled tests that after the lease
+// context is cancelled and the lease is deleted, a new lease can be created.
+func TestManager_RestartAfterLeaseContextCancelled(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("traefik", "traefik", nil)
+
+	// First Add
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	_ = lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	// Cancel context before Started is closed
+	lease1.Cancel()
+
+	// Delete the lease
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+
+	// Verify lease is gone
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after delete")
+	}
+
+	// Add again - should create new lease
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if !isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected new lease after delete")
+	}
+
+	// Verify new lease has fresh context and Started channel
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Ctx.Done():
+		t.Error("expected new lease context to be active")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Started:
+		t.Error("expected new lease Started channel to be open")
+	default:
+		// Expected
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_NonCommonLease_WaitForLeaseContextDone tests the scenario where
+// a non-common lease service calls Add while another leader election is running.
+// The caller should wait for the lease context to be done before returning.
+// This test verifies the fix for the tight spin loop issue.
+func TestManager_NonCommonLease_WaitForLeaseContextDone(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("egress-service", "default", nil) // Non-common lease
+
+	// First Add - simulates the first leader election starting
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate leadership acquired
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Second Add - simulates another goroutine trying to start leader election
+	// This should return isNew=false
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected second add to return isNew=false")
+	}
+
+	if lease1 != lease2 {
+		t.Error("expected same lease to be returned")
+	}
+
+	// Verify Started channel is closed (leadership was acquired by first)
+	select {
+	case <-lease2.Started:
+		// Expected - channel is closed
+	default:
+		t.Error("expected Started channel to be closed")
+	}
+
+	// In the actual code (leader.go), when isNew=false for non-common lease,
+	// the code waits on either svcCtx.Ctx.Done() or svcLease.Ctx.Done()
+	// Here we verify that the lease context gets cancelled when we delete the lease
+
+	// Start a goroutine that waits for the lease context to be done
+	// This simulates what the leader.go code does
+	waitDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-lease2.Ctx.Done():
+			close(waitDone)
+		case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+			// Timeout - test will fail
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Verify the goroutine is still waiting (lease context not yet cancelled)
+	select {
+	case <-waitDone:
+		t.Fatal("goroutine should still be waiting")
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+		// Expected - still waiting
+	}
+
+	// Now simulate the first leader election ending (defer deletes the lease)
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+
+	// The lease context should now be cancelled (because counter went to 0)
+	// But we added twice, so we need to delete twice
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID2, objectName1)
+
+	// Now the goroutine should have completed
+	select {
+	case <-waitDone:
+		// Expected - lease context was cancelled
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Error("expected goroutine to complete after lease context cancelled")
+	}
+
+	// Verify lease is removed
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_NonCommonLease_SpinLoopPrevention tests that the fix prevents
+// a tight spin loop when a non-common lease service repeatedly calls Add
+// while leader election is running. The key behavior is that when isNew=false,
+// the lease context should be used to block until the leader election ends.
+func TestManager_NonCommonLease_SpinLoopPrevention(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("egress-service", "default", nil) // Non-common lease
+
+	// First Add - leader election starts
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	isNew1 := lease1.Add(objectName1)
+
+	if !isNew1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected first add to return isNew=true")
+	}
+
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Track how many times Add is called in a tight loop
+	// In the buggy code, this would spin forever
+	// In the fixed code, Add returns isNew=false and the caller blocks on lease.Ctx.Done()
+	addCount := 0
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+			ctxTmp, leaseIDTmp := getSvcData(svc)
+			leaseTmp := mgr.Add(ctxTmp, leaseIDTmp)
+			isNewTmp := leaseTmp.Add(objectName1)
+			addCount++
+			if isNewTmp {
+				// This shouldn't happen while the first lease exists
+				t.Error("unexpected isNew=true")
+				break
+			}
+			// In the fixed code, we would block here on lease.Ctx.Done()
+			// For this test, we just verify that isNew=false is returned
+			// and the same lease is returned each time
+			if leaseTmp != lease1 {
+				t.Error("expected same lease")
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for the loop to complete
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// Expected
+	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("loop timed out")
+	}
+
+	// All 100 adds should have completed (returning isNew=false)
+	if addCount != 100 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 100 adds, got %d", addCount)
+	}
+
+	mgr.Delete(leaseID1, objectName1)
+	if mgr.Get(getSvcID(svc)) != nil {
+		t.Error("expected lease to be removed after first delete")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManager_NonCommonLease_ServiceContextCancellation tests that when
+// a service is deleted (svcCtx.Ctx cancelled), the waiting goroutine
+// should also unblock. This is the other exit path from the wait.
+func TestManager_NonCommonLease_ServiceContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := NewManager()
+	svc := createTestService("egress-service", "default", nil)
+
+	// First Add - leader election starts
+	objectName1 := ServiceNamespacedName(svc)
+
+	ctx1, leaseID1 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease1 := mgr.Add(ctx1, leaseID1)
+	_ = lease1.Add(objectName1)
+	close(lease1.Started)
+
+	// Second Add - returns isNew=false
+	ctx2, leaseID2 := getSvcData(svc)
+	lease2 := mgr.Add(ctx2, leaseID2)
+	isNew2 := lease2.Add(objectName1)
+	if isNew2 {
+		t.Error("expected isNew=false")
+	}
+
+	// Create a simulated service context
+	svcCtx, svcCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	// Start a goroutine that waits on either svcCtx or lease context
+	// This simulates the behavior in leader.go
+	waitDone := make(chan string)
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-svcCtx.Done():
+			waitDone <- "svcCtx"
+		case <-lease2.Ctx.Done():
+			waitDone <- "leaseCtx"
+		case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+			waitDone <- "timeout"
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Cancel the service context (simulates service deletion)
+	svcCancel()
+
+	// The goroutine should unblock via svcCtx.Done()
+	select {
+	case result := <-waitDone:
+		if result != "svcCtx" {
+			t.Errorf("expected to unblock via svcCtx, got %s", result)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Error("goroutine should have unblocked")
+	}
+}

pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cloudflare/ipvs/netmask"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/backend"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/sysctl"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 )
@@ -50,49 +51,53 @@ type IPVSLoadBalancer struct {
 	backendMap          backend.Map
 	interval            int
 	lock                sync.Mutex
-	stop                chan struct{}
-	networkInterface    string
-	leaderCancel        context.CancelFunc
-	signal              chan os.Signal
+	killFunc            func()
 	address             string
 	family              ipvs.AddressFamily
 }
 
-func NewIPVSLB(address string, port uint16, forwardingMethod string, backendHealthCheckInterval int, networkInterface string, leaderCancel context.CancelFunc, signal chan os.Signal) (*IPVSLoadBalancer, error) {
+func NewIPVSLB(ctx context.Context, address string, port uint16, forwardingMethod string, backendHealthCheckInterval int,
+	killFunc func(), wg *sync.WaitGroup) (*IPVSLoadBalancer, error) {
 	log.Info("Starting IPVS LoadBalancer", "address", address)
 
 	// Create IPVS client
 	c, err := ipvs.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("ensure IPVS kernel modules are loaded")
-		log.Error("Error starting IPVS", "err", err)
-		panic("")
+		log.Error("error starting IPVS", "err", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("starting IPVS: %w", err)
 	}
 	i, err := c.Info()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("ensure IPVS kernel modules are loaded")
-		log.Error("Error retrieving IPVS info", "err", err)
+		log.Error("error retrieving IPVS info", "err", err)
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission) {
 			log.Error("no permission to get IPVS info - please ensure that kube-vip is running with proper capabilities/privileged mode")
 		}
-		panic("")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("retrieving IPVS: %w", err)
 	}
 	log.Info("IPVS Loadbalancer enabled", "version", fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d", i.Version[0], i.Version[1], i.Version[2]))
 
 	ip, family := ipAndFamily(address)
 
 	if strings.ToLower(forwardingMethod) == "masquerade" {
-		enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/vs/conntrack", "net.ipv4.vs.conntrack")
+		if err := enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/vs/conntrack", "net.ipv4.vs.conntrack"); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		if family == ipvs.INET6 {
-			enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding", "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding")
+			if err := enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding", "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding"); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 		} else {
-			enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward", "net.ipv4.ip_forward")
+			if err := enableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward", "net.ipv4.ip_forward"); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	netMask := netmask.MaskFrom(31, 32) // For ipv4
+	netMask := netmask.MaskFrom(31, vip.DefaultMaskIPv4) // For ipv4
 	if family == ipvs.INET6 {
-		netMask = netmask.MaskFrom(128, 128) // For ipv6
+		netMask = netmask.MaskFrom(128, vip.DefaultMaskIPv6) // For ipv6
 	}
 
 	// Generate out API Server LoadBalancer instance
@@ -133,34 +138,32 @@ func NewIPVSLB(address string, port uint16, forwardingMethod string, backendHeal
 		forwardingMethod:    m,
 		interval:            backendHealthCheckInterval,
 		backendMap:          make(backend.Map),
-		stop:                make(chan struct{}),
-		networkInterface:    networkInterface,
-		leaderCancel:        leaderCancel,
-		signal:              signal,
+		killFunc:            killFunc,
 		address:             address,
 		family:              family,
 	}
 
-	go lb.healthCheck()
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		lb.healthCheck(ctx)
+	})
 
 	// Return our created load-balancer
 	return lb, nil
 }
 
-func enableProcSys(path, name string) {
+func enableProcSys(path, name string) error {
 	isSet, err := sysctl.EnableProcSys(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error(fmt.Sprintf("ensuring %s enabled", name), "err", err)
-		panic("")
+		return fmt.Errorf("ensuring %s enabled: %w", name, err)
 	}
 	if isSet {
 		log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("sysctl set %s to 1", name))
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) RemoveIPVSLB() error {
 	log.Info("Stopping IPVS LoadBalancer", "address", lb.address)
-	close(lb.stop)
 	err := lb.client.RemoveService(lb.loadBalancerService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error removing existing IPVS service: %v", err)
@@ -183,6 +186,7 @@ func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) AddBackend(address string, port uint16) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("checking if backend is local", "err", err)
 		}
+		log.Info("checked if backend is local", "addr", address, "local", isLocal)
 	}
 
 	backend := backend.Entry{Addr: address, Port: port, IsLocal: isLocal}
@@ -227,7 +231,7 @@ func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) addBackend(address string, port uint16) error {
 			// Fatal error at this point as IPVS is probably not working
 			log.Error("Unable to create an IPVS service, ensure IPVS kernel modules are loaded")
 			log.Error("IPVS service", "err", err)
-			panic("")
+			return utils.NewPanicError(fmt.Sprintf("unable to create an IPVS service - %s", err))
 
 		}
 		log.Info("load-Balancer services created", "address", lb.addrString(), "port", lb.Port)
@@ -312,8 +316,8 @@ func ipAndFamily(address string) (netip.Addr, ipvs.AddressFamily) {
 	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(ipAddr.To4())), ipvs.INET
 }
 
-func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) healthCheck() {
-	backend.Watch(func() {
+func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) healthCheck(ctx context.Context) {
+	backend.Watch(ctx, lb.interval, func() {
 		lb.lock.Lock()
 		defer lb.lock.Unlock()
 		for backend, oldStatus := range lb.backendMap {
@@ -338,43 +342,50 @@ func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) healthCheck() {
 					lb.backendMap[backend] = newStatus
 				}
 				if lb.forwardingMethod == ipvs.Local && !lb.localBackendExists() {
-					if lb.signal != nil {
-						close(lb.signal)
-					}
-
-					if lb.leaderCancel != nil {
-						lb.leaderCancel()
+					if lb.killFunc != nil {
+						log.Error("no local backends available, restarting kube-vip")
+						lb.killFunc()
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	}, lb.interval, lb.stop)
+	})
 }
 
 func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) isLocal(address string) (bool, error) {
-	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(lb.networkInterface)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("getting link '%s': %w", lb.networkInterface, err)
-	}
-
-	family := netlink.FAMILY_V6
-	if vip.IsIPv4(address) {
-		family = netlink.FAMILY_V4
-	}
-
 	target := net.ParseIP(address)
 	if target == nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("address '%s' is not a valid IP address", address)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse IP address %s", address)
 	}
 
-	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, family)
+	links, err := netlink.LinkList()
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("listing addresses for link '%s': %w", lb.networkInterface, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("listing links: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		if addr.IP.Equal(target) {
-			return true, nil
+	family := netlink.FAMILY_V4
+	if utils.IsIPv6(address) {
+		family = netlink.FAMILY_V6
+	}
+
+	for _, link := range links {
+		if link.Type() == "veth" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, family)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("listing addresses", "link", link.Attrs().Name, "error", err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			if addr.Scope != int(netlink.SCOPE_UNIVERSE) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if addr.IP.Equal(target) {
+				return true, nil
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/cloudflare/ipvs"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 )
 
 func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
 		want1 ipvs.AddressFamily
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "IPv4",
+			name: utils.IPv4Family,
 			args: args{
 				address: "192.168.0.20",
 			},
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
 			want1: ipvs.INET,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "IPv6",
+			name: utils.IPv6Family,
 			args: args{
 				address: "ff02::3",
 			},

pkg/manager/cluster.go

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/etcd"
-)
-
-func initClusterManager(sm *Manager) (*cluster.Manager, error) {
-	m := &cluster.Manager{
-		SignalChan: sm.signalChan,
-	}
-
-	switch sm.config.LeaderElectionType {
-	case "kubernetes", "":
-		m.KubernetesClient = sm.clientSet
-		m.RetryWatcherClient = sm.rwClientSet
-	case "etcd":
-		client, err := etcd.NewClient(sm.config)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		m.EtcdClient = client
-	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid LeaderElectionMode %s not supported", sm.config.LeaderElectionType)
-	}
-
-	return m, nil
-}

pkg/manager/manager.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package manager
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
@@ -16,19 +18,26 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/manager/worker"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/upnp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 )
 
-const plunderLock = "plndr-svcs-lock"
-
 // Manager degines the manager of the load-balancing services
 type Manager struct {
 	clientSet   *kubernetes.Clientset
@@ -45,8 +54,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// This channel is used to catch an OS signal and trigger a shutdown
 	signalChan chan os.Signal
 
-	// This channel is used to signal a shutdown
-	shutdownChan chan struct{}
+	sigint sync.Once
 
 	svcProcessor *services.Processor
 
@@ -54,10 +62,6 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// from the service watcher
 	countServiceWatchEvent *prometheus.CounterVec
 
-	// This is a prometheus gauge indicating the state of the sessions.
-	// 1 means "ESTABLISHED", 0 means "NOT ESTABLISHED"
-	bgpSessionInfoGauge *prometheus.GaugeVec
-
 	// This mutex is to protect calls from various goroutines
 	mutex sync.Mutex
 
@@ -66,10 +70,27 @@ type Manager struct {
 
 	// This tracks VIPs and performs ARP/NDP advertisement.
 	arpMgr *arp.Manager
+
+	// This tracks node labels and performs label management
+	// implementation will be decided in constructor
+	// based on config.EnableNodeLabeling
+	nodeLabelManager node.LabelManager
+
+	// This variable reports if manager is being closed
+	closing atomic.Bool
+
+	// Will be used for leaderelection when required
+	electionMgr *election.Manager
+
+	// Will handle leases
+	leaseMgr *lease.Manager
+
+	// Will handle routes
+	routeMgr *route.Manager
 }
 
 // New will create a new managing object
-func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
+func New(ctx context.Context, configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 
 	// Instance identity should be the same as k8s node name to ensure better compatibility.
 	// By default k8s sets node name to `hostname -s`,
@@ -84,6 +105,7 @@ func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 		}
 		config.NodeName = hostname
 	}
+	config.NodeName = normalizeNodeName(config.NodeName)
 	log.Info("using node name", "name", config.NodeName)
 
 	adminConfigPath := "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
@@ -181,21 +203,46 @@ func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
 	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)
 
-	// All watchers and other goroutines should have an additional goroutine that blocks on this, to shut things down
-	shutdownChan := make(chan struct{})
+	// Add Notification for SIGUSR1 (for configuration dump)
+	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGUSR1)
 
 	intfMgr := networkinterface.NewManager()
 	arpMgr := arp.NewManager(config)
 
+	// create the node label manager
+	// constructor will decide if it should be a noop or not
+	nodeLabelManager := node.NewManager(config, clientset)
+
 	var bgpServer *bgp.Server
+	// If BGP is enabled then we start a server instance that will broadcast VIPs
 	if config.EnableBGP {
-		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(&config.BGPConfig)
+		var err error
+		// If Annotations have been set then we will look them up
+		if config.Annotations != "" {
+			err = annotationsWatcher(ctx, clientset, rwClientSet, config)
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("No Node annotations to parse")
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(config.BGPConfig, log.Level(config.Logging))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating BGP server: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	svcProcessor := services.NewServicesProcessor(config, bgpServer, clientset, rwClientSet, shutdownChan, intfMgr, arpMgr)
+	electionMgr, err := election.NewManager(config, clientset, rwClientSet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating election manager: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	leaseMgr := lease.NewManager()
+	routeMgr := route.NewManager()
+
+	svcProcessor := services.NewServicesProcessor(config, bgpServer, clientset, rwClientSet,
+		intfMgr, arpMgr, nodeLabelManager, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr)
 
 	return &Manager{
 		clientSet:   clientset,
@@ -208,35 +255,22 @@ func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 			Name:      "all_services_events",
 			Help:      "Count all events fired by the service watcher categorised by event type",
 		}, []string{"type"}),
-		bgpSessionInfoGauge: prometheus.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Namespace: "kube_vip",
-			Subsystem: "manager",
-			Name:      "bgp_session_info",
-			Help:      "Display state of session by setting metric for label value with current state to 1",
-		}, []string{"state", "peer"}),
-		signalChan:   signalChan,
-		shutdownChan: shutdownChan,
-		svcProcessor: svcProcessor,
-		intfMgr:      intfMgr,
-		arpMgr:       arpMgr,
-		bgpServer:    bgpServer,
+		signalChan:       signalChan,
+		svcProcessor:     svcProcessor,
+		intfMgr:          intfMgr,
+		arpMgr:           arpMgr,
+		bgpServer:        bgpServer,
+		nodeLabelManager: nodeLabelManager,
+		electionMgr:      electionMgr,
+		leaseMgr:         leaseMgr,
+		routeMgr:         routeMgr,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 // Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
-func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
-	// listen for interrupts or the Linux SIGTERM signal and cancel
-	// our context, which the leader election code will observe and
-	// step down
-	sm.signalChan = make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	// Add Notification for Userland interrupt
-	signal.Notify(sm.signalChan, syscall.SIGINT)
-
-	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
-	signal.Notify(sm.signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-	// All watchers and other goroutines should have an additional goroutine that blocks on this, to shut things down
-	sm.shutdownChan = make(chan struct{})
+func (sm *Manager) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
 
 	// HealthCheck
 	if sm.config.HealthCheckPort != 0 {
@@ -246,7 +280,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 		http.HandleFunc("/healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, "OK")
 		})
-		go func() {
+		wg.Go(func() {
 			server := &http.Server{
 				Addr:              fmt.Sprintf(":%d", sm.config.HealthCheckPort),
 				ReadHeaderTimeout: 3 * time.Second,
@@ -255,25 +289,19 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("healthcheck", "unable to start", err)
 			}
-		}()
+		})
 	}
 
-	// If BGP is enabled then we start a server instance that will broadcast VIPs
-	if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-
-		// If Annotations have been set then we will look them up
-		err := sm.parseAnnotations()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	// on exit, clean up the node labels
+	defer func() {
+		if err := sm.nodeLabelManager.CleanUpLabels(10 * time.Second); err != nil {
+			log.Error("CleanUpNodeLabels", "unable to cleanup node labels", err)
 		}
-
-		log.Info("Starting Kube-vip Manager with the BGP engine")
-		return sm.startBGP()
-	}
+	}()
 
 	if sm.config.EnableARP || sm.config.EnableWireguard {
 		if sm.config.EnableUPNP {
-			clients := upnp.GetConnectionClients(context.TODO())
+			clients := upnp.GetConnectionClients(ctx)
 			if len(clients) == 0 {
 				log.Error("Error Enabling UPNP. No Clients found")
 				// Set the struct to false so nothing should use it in future
@@ -287,50 +315,131 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 					log.Info("Found UPNP IGD2 Gateway address", "ip", ip)
 				}
 			}
+			// TODO: It would be nice to run the UPNP refresh only on the leader.
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				sm.svcProcessor.RefreshUPNPForwards(ctx)
+			})
 		}
-		// TODO: It would be nice to run the UPNP refresh only on the leader.
-		go sm.svcProcessor.RefreshUPNPForwards()
 	}
 
-	// If ARP is enabled then we start a LeaderElection that will use ARP to advertise VIPs
-	if sm.config.EnableARP {
-		log.Info("Starting Kube-vip Manager with the ARP engine")
-		return sm.startARP(sm.config.NodeName)
+	return sm.startMode(ctx)
+}
+
+// Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
+func (sm *Manager) startMode(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var cpCluster *cluster.Cluster
+	var err error
+
+	w := worker.New(sm.arpMgr, sm.intfMgr, sm.config, &sm.closing, sm.Kill,
+		sm.svcProcessor, &sm.mutex, sm.clientSet, sm.bgpServer, sm.electionMgr,
+		sm.leaseMgr, sm.routeMgr, sm.nodeLabelManager)
+
+	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
+	// want to step down
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	modeCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer func() {
+
+		wg.Wait()
+		w.Cleanup()
+		cancel()
+		log.Info("Shutting down Kube-Vip")
+	}()
+
+	log.Info("starting Kube-vip Manager", "mode", w.Name())
+	if err := w.Configure(modeCtx, &wg); err != nil {
+		defer cancel()
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure %s mode: %w", w.Name(), err)
 	}
 
-	if sm.config.EnableWireguard {
-		log.Info("Starting Kube-vip Manager with the Wireguard engine")
-		return sm.startWireguard(sm.config.NodeName)
+	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+		err = w.InitControlPlane()
+		if err != nil {
+			defer cancel()
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
-	if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-		log.Info("Starting Kube-vip Manager with the Routing Table engine")
-		return sm.startTableMode(sm.config.NodeName)
+	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		sm.waitForShutdown(modeCtx, cancel, cpCluster)
+	})
+
+	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			w.StartControlPlane(modeCtx, sm.electionMgr)
+		})
+	}
+
+	if sm.config.EnableServices {
+		// This will tidy any dangling kube-vip iptables rules
+		if sm.config.EgressClean {
+			err := nftables.ClearTables()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[egress]", "mode", "nftables-internal", "clearing error", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Info("[egress]", "mode", "nftables-internal", "tables", "cleared")
+			}
+			// TODO: Deprecate the iptables code v1.2.x
+			err = vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Info("[egress]", "legacy-iptables", sm.config.EgressWithNftables, "mode", "IPv4", "error", err)
+			}
+			err = vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Info("[egress]", "legacy-iptables", sm.config.EgressWithNftables, "mode", "IPv6", "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+		w.ConfigureServices()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-modeCtx.Done():
+				return nil
+			default:
+				if err = w.StartServices(modeCtx); err != nil {
+					if errors.Is(err, &utils.PanicError{}) {
+						sm.Kill()
+						return fmt.Errorf("failed to reconcile services, non-recoverable error: %w", err)
+					} else {
+						log.Error("failed to reconcile services, restarting", "error", err)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	log.Error("prematurely exiting Load-balancer as no modes [ARP/BGP/Wireguard] are enabled")
 	return nil
 }
 
-func returnNameSpace() (string, error) {
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile("/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace"); err == nil {
-		if ns := strings.TrimSpace(string(data)); len(ns) > 0 {
-			return ns, nil
+func (sm *Manager) waitForShutdown(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, cpCluster *cluster.Cluster) {
+	for {
+		sig := <-sm.signalChan
+		switch sig {
+		case syscall.SIGUSR1:
+			log.Info("Received SIGUSR1, dumping configuration")
+			sm.dumpConfiguration(ctx)
+		case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
+			sm.closing.Store(true)
+			log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
+			if cpCluster != nil {
+				cpCluster.Stop()
+			}
+			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership and all goroutines
+			cancel()
+			return
 		}
-		return "", err
 	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to find Namespace")
 }
 
-func (sm *Manager) parseAnnotations() error {
-	if sm.config.Annotations == "" {
-		log.Debug("No Node annotations to parse")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err := sm.annotationsWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+func (sm *Manager) Kill() {
+	sm.sigint.Do(func() {
+		sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
+	})
+}
+
+// normalizeNodeName ensures the local machine hostname conforms to
+// Kubernetes RFC1123 node naming conventions (lowercase).
+func normalizeNodeName(name string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(name)
 }

pkg/manager/manager_arp.go

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-)
-
-// Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
-func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
-	var cpCluster *cluster.Cluster
-	var ns string
-	var err error
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	log.Info("Start ARP/NDP advertisement")
-	go sm.arpMgr.StartAdvertisement(ctx)
-
-	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
-	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			cpCluster.Stop()
-		}
-		// Close all go routines
-		close(sm.shutdownChan)
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		clusterManager, err := initClusterManager(sm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		go func() {
-			err := cpCluster.StartCluster(sm.config, clusterManager, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("starting control plane", "err", err)
-				// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
-				sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// Check if we're also starting the services, if not we can sit and wait on the closing channel and return here
-		if !sm.config.EnableServices {
-			<-sm.shutdownChan
-			log.Info("Shutting down Kube-Vip")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		ns = sm.config.Namespace
-	} else {
-
-		ns, err = returnNameSpace()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("unable to auto-detect namespace, dropping to config", "namespace", sm.config.Namespace)
-			ns = sm.config.Namespace
-		}
-	}
-
-	// This will tidy any dangling kube-vip iptables rules
-	if sm.config.EgressClean {
-		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
-	}
-
-	// Start a services watcher (all kube-vip pods will watch services), upon a new service
-	// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
-	if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
-		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-		err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-
-		log.Info("beginning services leadership", "namespace", ns, "lock name", sm.config.ServicesLeaseName, "id", id)
-		// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-		// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-		lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-			LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-				Name:      sm.config.ServicesLeaseName,
-				Namespace: ns,
-			},
-			Client: sm.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
-			LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-				Identity: id,
-			},
-		}
-
-		// start the leader election code loop
-		leaderelection.RunOrDie(ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-			Lock: lock,
-			// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-			// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-			// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-			// loop still running and another process could
-			// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-			// the stated goal of the lease.
-			ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-			LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(sm.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-			RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(sm.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-			RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-			Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-				OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-					err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Error("service watcher", "err", err)
-						panic("") // TODO: - emulating log.fatal here
-					}
-				},
-				OnStoppedLeading: func() {
-					// we can do cleanup here
-					sm.mutex.Lock()
-					defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
-					log.Info("leader lost", "new leader", id)
-					sm.svcProcessor.Stop()
-
-					log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
-					panic("") // TODO: - emulating log.fatal here
-				},
-				OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-					// we're notified when new leader elected
-					if sm.config.EnableNodeLabeling {
-						applyNodeLabel(sm.clientSet, sm.config.Address, id, identity)
-					}
-					if identity == id {
-						// I just got the lock
-						return
-					}
-					log.Info("new leader elected", "new leader", identity)
-				},
-			},
-		})
-	}
-	return nil
-}

pkg/manager/manager_bgp.go

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"syscall"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-)
-
-// Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
-func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {
-	var cpCluster *cluster.Cluster
-	// var ns string
-	var err error
-
-	if sm.bgpServer == nil {
-		sm.bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(&sm.config.BGPConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating BGP server: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Info("Starting the BGP server to advertise VIP routes to BGP peers")
-	if err := sm.bgpServer.Start(func(p *api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent) {
-		ipaddr := p.GetPeer().GetState().GetNeighborAddress()
-		port := uint64(179)
-		peerDescription := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ipaddr, port)
-
-		for stateName, stateValue := range api.PeerState_SessionState_value {
-			metricValue := 0.0
-			if stateValue == int32(p.GetPeer().GetState().GetSessionState().Number()) {
-				metricValue = 1
-			}
-
-			sm.bgpSessionInfoGauge.With(prometheus.Labels{
-				"state": stateName,
-				"peer":  peerDescription,
-			}).Set(metricValue)
-		}
-	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting BGP server: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// Defer a function to check if the bgpServer has been created and if so attempt to close it
-	defer func() {
-		if sm.bgpServer != nil {
-			sm.bgpServer.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
-	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			if cpCluster != nil {
-				cpCluster.Stop()
-			}
-		}
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		clusterManager, err := initClusterManager(sm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		go func() {
-			if sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-				err = cpCluster.StartCluster(sm.config, clusterManager, sm.bgpServer)
-			} else {
-				err = cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, sm.bgpServer)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
-				// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
-				sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// Check if we're also starting the services, if not we can sit and wait on the closing channel and return here
-		if !sm.config.EnableServices {
-			<-sm.signalChan
-			log.Info("Shutting down Kube-Vip")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	log.Info("Shutting down Kube-Vip")
-
-	return nil
-}

pkg/manager/manager_dump.go

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+)
+
+// dumpConfiguration prints the current configuration to stdout when SIGUSR1 is received
+func (sm *Manager) dumpConfiguration(ctx context.Context) {
+	sm.mutex.Lock()
+	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("                   KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Timestamp: %s\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339))
+	fmt.Printf("Node Name: %s\n", sm.config.NodeName)
+	fmt.Printf("Process ID: %d\n", os.Getpid())
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+
+	sm.dumpConfigSection()
+	sm.dumpBGPSection(ctx)
+	sm.dumpARPSection()
+	sm.dumpServicesSection(ctx)
+	sm.dumpNetworkInterfacesSection()
+	sm.dumpLeaderElectionSection()
+	sm.dumpRuntimeSection()
+	sm.dumpNFTablesSection()
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("                   END OF CONFIGURATION DUMP\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpConfigSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- BASIC CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("VIP: %s\n", sm.config.Address)
+	fmt.Printf("VIP Subnet: %s\n", sm.config.VIPSubnet)
+	fmt.Printf("Port: %d\n", sm.config.Port)
+	fmt.Printf("Namespace: %s\n", sm.config.Namespace)
+	fmt.Printf("Service Namespace: %s\n", sm.config.ServiceNamespace)
+	fmt.Printf("Interface: %s\n", sm.config.Interface)
+	fmt.Printf("Services Interface: %s\n", sm.config.ServicesInterface)
+	fmt.Printf("Single Node Mode: %t\n", sm.config.SingleNode)
+	fmt.Printf("Start As Leader: %t\n", sm.config.StartAsLeader)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpBGPSection(ctx context.Context) {
+	fmt.Printf("--- BGP CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("BGP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableBGP)
+	if sm.config.EnableBGP {
+		fmt.Printf("BGP AS: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.AS)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Router ID: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Source IP: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.SourceIP)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Source Interface: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.SourceIF)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Hold Time: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.HoldTime)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Keepalive Interval: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.KeepaliveInterval)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Peers: %d\n", len(sm.config.BGPConfig.Peers))
+		for i, peer := range sm.config.BGPConfig.Peers {
+			fmt.Printf("  Peer %d: %s:%d (AS: %d, MultiHop: %t)\n",
+				i+1, peer.Address, peer.Port, peer.AS, peer.MultiHop)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("\n--- ACTIVE BGP RIB STATE ---\n")
+		sm.dumpBGPRoutes(ctx)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpARPSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- ARP/NDP CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("ARP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableARP)
+	if sm.config.EnableARP {
+		fmt.Printf("ARP Broadcast Rate: %d\n", sm.config.ArpBroadcastRate)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Wireguard Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableWireguard)
+	fmt.Printf("Routing Table Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableRoutingTable)
+	if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		fmt.Printf("Routing Table ID: %d\n", sm.config.RoutingTableID)
+		fmt.Printf("Routing Protocol: %d\n", sm.config.RoutingProtocol)
+		fmt.Printf("Clean Routing Table: %t\n", sm.config.CleanRoutingTable)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpServicesSection(ctx context.Context) {
+	fmt.Printf("--- SERVICES CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Services Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServices)
+	if sm.config.EnableServices {
+		fmt.Printf("Services Election: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServicesElection)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Class Only: %t\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassOnly)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Class Name: %s\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName)
+		fmt.Printf("Disable Service Updates: %t\n", sm.config.DisableServiceUpdates)
+		fmt.Printf("Enable Endpoints: %t\n", sm.config.EnableEndpoints)
+		fmt.Printf("Service Security Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServiceSecurity)
+
+		if sm.svcProcessor != nil {
+			instances := sm.svcProcessor.ServiceInstances
+			fmt.Printf("Kube-vip Active Service Instances: %d\n", len(instances))
+			for i, inst := range instances {
+				if inst.ServiceSnapshot != nil {
+					svc := inst.ServiceSnapshot
+					vipConfigs := ""
+					for j, cfg := range svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
+						if j > 0 {
+							vipConfigs += ", "
+						}
+						vipConfigs += cfg.IP
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("  Service %d: %s/%s (Type: %s, VIPs: %s)\n",
+						i+1, svc.Namespace, svc.Name, svc.Spec.Type, vipConfigs)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if sm.clientSet != nil {
+			fmt.Println()
+			// Kubernetes configuration
+			fmt.Println("--- KUBERNETES CONFIGURATION (SERVICES/ENDPOINTSLICES) ---")
+
+			fmt.Println("Service Configuration:")
+			svcList, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(v1.NamespaceAll).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Unable to retrieve all Services")
+			} else {
+				for x := range svcList.Items {
+
+					// Build all addresses
+					vipConfigs := ""
+					for j, cfg := range svcList.Items[x].Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
+						if j > 0 {
+							vipConfigs += ", "
+						}
+						vipConfigs += cfg.IP
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("Name=%s, UUID=%s, Addresses=%s\n", svcList.Items[x].Name, string(svcList.Items[x].UID), vipConfigs)
+				}
+				fmt.Println()
+			}
+
+			fmt.Println("EndpointSlice Configuration (note endpoint names have -XXXXX prefixed):")
+			epList, err := sm.clientSet.DiscoveryV1().EndpointSlices(v1.NamespaceAll).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Unable to retrieve all EndpointSlices")
+			} else {
+				for x := range epList.Items {
+					// Build all addresses
+					fmt.Printf("  Endpoint Slice Name: %s\n", epList.Items[x].Name)
+					for _, ep := range epList.Items[x].Endpoints {
+						endpoints := ""
+						for i, addresses := range ep.Addresses {
+							if i > 0 {
+								endpoints += ", "
+							}
+							endpoints += addresses
+						}
+						nodeName := "Unknown"
+						targetPod := "Unknown"
+						if ep.NodeName != nil {
+							nodeName = *ep.NodeName
+						}
+						if ep.TargetRef != nil {
+							targetPod = ep.TargetRef.Name
+						}
+						fmt.Printf("\tNode: %s, Target Pod:%s, Addresses: %s\n", nodeName, targetPod, endpoints)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpNetworkInterfacesSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- NETWORK INTERFACES ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Network Interface Manager: %t\n", sm.intfMgr != nil)
+	fmt.Printf("ARP Manager: %t\n", sm.arpMgr != nil)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpLeaderElectionSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- LEADER ELECTION CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Control Plane Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableControlPlane)
+	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+		fmt.Printf("Detect Control Plane: %t\n", sm.config.DetectControlPlane)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Leader Election Type: %s\n", sm.config.LeaderElectionType)
+	fmt.Printf("Leader Election Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableLeaderElection)
+	if sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		fmt.Printf("Lease Name: %s\n", sm.config.LeaseName)
+		fmt.Printf("Lease Duration: %d seconds\n", sm.config.LeaseDuration)
+		fmt.Printf("Renew Deadline: %d seconds\n", sm.config.RenewDeadline)
+		fmt.Printf("Retry Period: %d seconds\n", sm.config.RetryPeriod)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Services Lease Name: %s\n", sm.config.ServicesLeaseName)
+	fmt.Printf("Node Labeling Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableNodeLabeling)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpRuntimeSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- RUNTIME STATISTICS ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableLoadBalancer)
+	if sm.config.EnableLoadBalancer {
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Port: %d\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerPort)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Forwarding Method: %s\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancers Configured: %d\n", len(sm.config.LoadBalancers))
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Prometheus HTTP Server: %s\n", sm.config.PrometheusHTTPServer)
+	fmt.Printf("Health Check Port: %d\n", sm.config.HealthCheckPort)
+	fmt.Printf("UPNP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableUPNP)
+	fmt.Printf("Egress Clean Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EgressClean)
+	if sm.config.EgressClean {
+		fmt.Printf("Egress with nftables: %t\n", sm.config.EgressWithNftables)
+		fmt.Printf("Egress Pod CIDR: %s\n", sm.config.EgressPodCidr)
+		fmt.Printf("Egress Service CIDR: %s\n", sm.config.EgressServiceCidr)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpNFTablesSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- NFTABLES CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	chains, err := nftables.ListChains()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Unable to retrieve NFTables chains, error=%s", err)
+	}
+	for x := range chains {
+		fmt.Printf("Chain: %s\n", chains[x])
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpBGPRoutes(ctx context.Context) {
+	if sm.bgpServer == nil {
+		fmt.Printf("  BGP Server instance is inactive or uninitialized\n")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Create a short-lived execution window so a stuck BGP loop won't hang the entire SIGUSR1 routine
+	queryCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for _, isIPv6 := range []bool{false, true} {
+		label := "IPv4"
+		if isIPv6 {
+			label = "IPv6"
+		}
+
+		routes, err := sm.bgpServer.ListAdvertisedRoutes(queryCtx, isIPv6)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("  Error fetching %s routes: %v\n", label, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if len(routes) == 0 {
+			fmt.Printf("  No %s routes found in global RIB\n", label)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fmt.Printf("  %-18s | %-15s | %s\n", "Prefix", "Next Hop", "Discovered/Updated")
+		fmt.Printf("  ------------------------------------------------------------\n")
+
+		for _, dest := range routes {
+			for _, path := range dest.Paths {
+				nextHop := "N/A"
+				if path.NeighborIp != "" {
+					nextHop = path.NeighborIp
+				}
+
+				var timeStr string
+				if path.Age != nil {
+					timeStr = path.Age.AsTime().Format("15:04:05")
+				} else {
+					timeStr = "Unknown"
+				}
+
+				fmt.Printf("  %-18s | %-15s | %s\n", dest.Prefix, nextHop, timeStr)
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+}

pkg/manager/manager_dump_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDumpConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		Address:            "192.168.1.100",
+		Interface:          "eth0",
+		Port:               6443,
+		EnableARP:          true,
+		EnableBGP:          false,
+		EnableControlPlane: true,
+		EnableServices:     true,
+		LeaderElectionType: "kubernetes",
+		Namespace:          "kube-system",
+		NodeName:           "test-node",
+		KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
+			EnableLeaderElection: true,
+			LeaseName:            "test-lease",
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := &Manager{
+		config: config,
+	}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpConfiguration(context.TODO())
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP", "should contain header")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Node Name: test-node", "should contain node name")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP: 192.168.1.100", "should contain VIP address")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Interface: eth0", "should contain interface")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Port: 6443", "should contain port")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: true", "should contain ARP status")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: false", "should contain BGP status")
+}
+
+func TestDumpConfigSection(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		Address:            "192.168.1.100",
+		Interface:          "eth0",
+		Port:               6443,
+		VIPSubnet:          "/24",
+		EnableARP:          true,
+		EnableBGP:          false,
+		EnableControlPlane: true,
+		EnableServices:     true,
+		LeaderElectionType: "kubernetes",
+		Namespace:          "kube-system",
+		KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
+			EnableLeaderElection: true,
+			LeaseName:            "test-lease",
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpConfigSection()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "--- BASIC CONFIGURATION ---")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP: 192.168.1.100")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP Subnet: /24")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Interface: eth0")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Port: 6443")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Namespace: kube-system")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Single Node Mode: false")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Start As Leader: false")
+}
+
+func TestDumpBGPSection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("BGP disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableBGP: false,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpBGPSection(t.Context())
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("BGP enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableBGP: true,
+			BGPConfig: kubevip.BGPConfig{
+				RouterID: "192.168.1.1",
+				AS:       65000,
+				Peers: []kubevip.BGPPeer{
+					{Address: "192.168.1.2", AS: 65001},
+					{Address: "192.168.1.3", AS: 65002},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpBGPSection(t.Context())
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: true")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Router ID: 192.168.1.1")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP AS: 65000")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Peers: 2")
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "--- ACTIVE BGP RIB STATE ---")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Server instance is inactive or uninitialized")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDumpARPSection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("ARP disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableARP: false,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpARPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ARP enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableARP:        true,
+			ArpBroadcastRate: 5,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpARPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: true")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Broadcast Rate: 5")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDumpRuntimeSection(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableLoadBalancer:   false,
+		PrometheusHTTPServer: "",
+		HealthCheckPort:      0,
+		EnableUPNP:           false,
+		EgressClean:          false,
+	}
+	mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpRuntimeSection()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "--- RUNTIME STATISTICS ---", "should contain runtime section header")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Load Balancer Enabled: false", "should contain load balancer status")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "UPNP Enabled: false", "should contain UPNP status")
+}

pkg/manager/manager_table.go

@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
-)
-
-// Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
-func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
-	var cpCluster *cluster.Cluster
-	var err error
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-	log.Info("destination for routes", "table", sm.config.RoutingTableID, "protocol", sm.config.RoutingProtocol)
-
-	if sm.config.CleanRoutingTable {
-		go func() {
-			// we assume that after 10s all services should be configured so we can delete redundant routes
-			time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
-			if err := sm.cleanRoutes(); err != nil {
-				log.Error("error checking for old routes", "err", err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	if sm.config.EgressClean {
-		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
-		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
-		log.Debug("IPtables rules cleaned on startup")
-	}
-
-	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
-	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			cpCluster.Stop()
-		}
-
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cluster initialization error: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		clusterManager, err := initClusterManager(sm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cluster manager initialization error: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, nil); err != nil {
-			log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
-			// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
-			sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
-		}
-	} else {
-		ns, err := returnNameSpace()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("unable to auto-detect namespace", "dropping to", sm.config.Namespace)
-			ns = sm.config.Namespace
-		}
-
-		// Start a services watcher (all kube-vip pods will watch services), upon a new service
-		// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
-		if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
-			log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-			err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else if sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-
-			log.Info("beginning services leadership", "namespace", ns, "lock name", plunderLock, "id", id)
-			// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-			// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-			lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-				LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Name:      plunderLock,
-					Namespace: ns,
-				},
-				Client: sm.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
-				LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-					Identity: id,
-				},
-			}
-			// start the leader election code loop
-			leaderelection.RunOrDie(ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-				Lock: lock,
-				// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-				// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-				// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-				// loop still running and another process could
-				// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-				// the stated goal of the lease.
-				ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-				LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(sm.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-				RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(sm.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-				RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-				Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-					OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-						err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error(err.Error())
-							panic("")
-						}
-					},
-					OnStoppedLeading: func() {
-						// we can do cleanup here
-						sm.mutex.Lock()
-						defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
-						log.Info("leader lost", "id", id)
-						sm.svcProcessor.Stop()
-
-						log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
-						panic("")
-					},
-					OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-						// we're notified when new leader elected
-						if identity == id {
-							// I just got the lock
-							return
-						}
-						log.Info("new leader elected", "id", identity)
-					},
-				},
-			})
-		} else {
-			log.Info("beginning watching services without leader election")
-			err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Cannot watch services", "err", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) cleanRoutes() error {
-	sm.mutex.Lock()
-	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
-	routes, err := vip.ListRoutes(sm.config.RoutingTableID, sm.config.RoutingProtocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error getting routes: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for i := range routes {
-		found := false
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			found = (routes[i].Dst.IP.String() == sm.config.Address)
-		} else {
-			found = endpoints.CountRouteReferences(&routes[i], &sm.svcProcessor.ServiceInstances) > 0
-		}
-
-		if !found {
-			err = netlink.RouteDel(&(routes[i]))
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("[route] deletion", "route", routes[i], "err", err)
-			}
-			log.Debug("[route] deletion", "route", routes[i])
-		}
-
-	}
-	return nil
-}

pkg/manager/manager_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeNodeName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		hostname string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "All lowercase hostname remains unchanged",
+			hostname: "worker-node-1",
+			expected: "worker-node-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Mixed case hostname is lowercased",
+			hostname: "Worker-Node-1",
+			expected: "worker-node-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "All uppercase hostname is lowercased",
+			hostname: "MASTER-NODE",
+			expected: "master-node",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := normalizeNodeName(tt.hostname)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, "The normalized node name did not match the expected RFC1123 compliant name")
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/manager/manager_wireguard.go

@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/wireguard"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
-)
-
-// Start will begin the Manager, which will start services and watch the configmap
-func (sm *Manager) startWireguard(id string) error {
-	var ns string
-	var err error
-
-	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
-	// want to step down
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-	log.Info("reading wireguard peer configuration from Kubernetes secret")
-	s, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Secrets(sm.config.Namespace).Get(ctx, "wireguard", metav1.GetOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	// parse all the details needed for Wireguard
-	peerPublicKey := s.Data["peerPublicKey"]
-	peerEndpoint := s.Data["peerEndpoint"]
-	privateKey := s.Data["privateKey"]
-
-	// Configure the interface to join the Wireguard VPN
-	err = wireguard.ConfigureInterface(string(privateKey), string(peerPublicKey), string(peerEndpoint))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
-	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
-
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	ns, err = returnNameSpace()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warn("unable to auto-detect namespace", "dropping to", sm.config.Namespace)
-		ns = sm.config.Namespace
-	}
-
-	// Start a services watcher (all kube-vip pods will watch services), upon a new service
-	// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
-	if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
-		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-		err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-
-		log.Info("beginning services leadership", "namespace", ns, "lock name", plunderLock, "id", id)
-		// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-		// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-		lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-			LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-				Name:      plunderLock,
-				Namespace: ns,
-			},
-			Client: sm.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
-			LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-				Identity: id,
-			},
-		}
-
-		// start the leader election code loop
-		leaderelection.RunOrDie(ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-			Lock: lock,
-			// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-			// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-			// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-			// loop still running and another process could
-			// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-			// the stated goal of the lease.
-			ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-			LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(sm.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-			RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(sm.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-			RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-			Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-				OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-					err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Error(err.Error())
-						panic("")
-					}
-				},
-				OnStoppedLeading: func() {
-					// we can do cleanup here
-					sm.mutex.Lock()
-					defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
-					log.Info("leader lost", "id", id)
-					sm.svcProcessor.Stop()
-
-					log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
-					panic("")
-				},
-				OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-					// we're notified when new leader elected
-					if identity == id {
-						// I just got the lock
-						return
-					}
-					log.Info("new leader elected", "id", identity)
-				},
-			},
-		})
-	}
-	return nil
-}

pkg/manager/node_labeling.go

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-)
-
-const (
-	nodeLabelIndex    = "kube-vip.io/has-ip"
-	nodeLabelJSONPath = `kube-vip.io~1has-ip`
-)
-
-type patchStringLabel struct {
-	Op    string `json:"op"`
-	Path  string `json:"path"`
-	Value string `json:"value"`
-}
-
-// applyNodeLabel add/remove node label `kube-vip.io/has-ip=<VIP-Address>` to/from
-// the node where the virtual IP was added to/removed from.
-func applyNodeLabel(clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset, address, id, identity string) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	node, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Get(ctx, id, metav1.GetOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("can't query node labels", "node", id, "err", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("node %s labels: %+v", id, node.Labels))
-
-	value, ok := node.Labels[nodeLabelIndex]
-	path := fmt.Sprintf("/metadata/labels/%s", nodeLabelJSONPath)
-	log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Received identity: %s - id: %s", identity, id))
-	if ok && value == address {
-		log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("removing node label `has-ip=%s` on %s", address, id))
-		// Remove label
-		applyPatchLabels(ctx, clientSet, id, "remove", path, address)
-	} else {
-		log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("setting node label `has-ip=%s` on %s", address, id))
-		// Append label
-		applyPatchLabels(ctx, clientSet, id, "add", path, address)
-	}
-}
-
-// applyPatchLabels add/remove node labels
-func applyPatchLabels(ctx context.Context, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
-	name, operation, path, value string) {
-	patchLabels := []patchStringLabel{{
-		Op:    operation,
-		Path:  path,
-		Value: value,
-	}}
-	patchData, err := json.Marshal(patchLabels)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("node patch marshaling failed", "err", err)
-		return
-	}
-	// patch node
-	node, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Patch(ctx,
-		name, types.JSONPatchType, patchData, metav1.PatchOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("node patching failed", "err", err)
-		return
-	}
-	log.Debug("updated", "node", name, "labels", node.Labels)
-}

pkg/manager/prom.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-
-// PrometheusCollector defines a service watch event counter.
-func (sm *Manager) PrometheusCollector() []prometheus.Collector {
-	collectors := []prometheus.Collector{}
-	if sm.svcProcessor != nil {
-		collectors = append(collectors, sm.svcProcessor.CountServiceWatchEvent)
-	}
-	if sm.bgpServer != nil {
-		collectors = append(collectors, sm.bgpServer.BGPSessionInfoGauge)
-	}
-	return collectors
-}

pkg/manager/watch_annotations.go

@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import (
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 
 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
 
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
@@ -25,18 +26,19 @@ import (
 
 // This file handles the watching of node annotations for configuration, it will exit once the annotations are
 // present
-func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
+func annotationsWatcher(ctx context.Context, clientSet,
+	rwClientSet kubernetes.Interface, config *kubevip.Config) error {
 	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
-	log.Info("Kube-Vip is waiting for annotation prefix to be present on this node", "prefix", sm.config.Annotations)
+	log.Info("Kube-Vip is waiting for annotation prefix to be present on this node", "prefix", config.Annotations)
 
-	labelSelector := metav1.LabelSelector{MatchLabels: map[string]string{"kubernetes.io/hostname": sm.config.NodeName}}
+	labelSelector := metav1.LabelSelector{MatchLabels: map[string]string{"kubernetes.io/hostname": config.NodeName}}
 	listOptions := metav1.ListOptions{
 		LabelSelector: labels.Set(labelSelector.MatchLabels).String(),
 	}
 
 	// First we'll check the annotations for the node and if
 	// they aren't what are expected, we'll drop into the watch until they are
-	nodeList, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(context.Background(), listOptions)
+	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, listOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -45,11 +47,11 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 	// there's probably bigger problems
 	node := nodeList.Items[0]
 
-	bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(sm.config.BGPConfig, &node, sm.config.Annotations)
+	bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(config.BGPConfig, &node, config.Annotations)
 	if err == nil {
 		// No error, the annotations already exist
-		sm.config.BGPConfig = bgpConfig
-		sm.config.BGPPeerConfig = bgpPeer
+		config.BGPConfig = bgpConfig
+		config.BGPPeerConfig = bgpPeer
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -57,30 +59,19 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 	// they're as needed
 	log.Warn(err.Error())
 
-	// TODO, will need refactoring as part of rikatz work
-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(context.TODO(), node.ResourceVersion, &cache.ListWatch{
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctx, node.ResourceVersion, &cache.ListWatch{
 		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
-			return sm.rwClientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(context.Background(), listOptions)
+			return rwClientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(ctx, listOptions)
 		},
 	})
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error creating annotations watcher: %s", err.Error())
 	}
 
-	exitFunction := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		select {
-		case <-sm.shutdownChan:
-			log.Debug("[annotations] shutdown called")
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			return
-		case <-exitFunction:
-			log.Debug("[annotations] function ending")
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			return
-		}
+	defer func() {
+		rw.Stop()
+		log.Debug("[annotations] watcher stopped")
 	}()
 
 	ch := rw.ResultChan()
@@ -94,16 +85,17 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes Node from Annotation watcher")
 			}
 
-			bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(sm.config.BGPConfig, node, sm.config.Annotations)
+			bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(config.BGPConfig, node, config.Annotations)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error(err.Error())
 				continue
 			}
 
-			sm.config.BGPConfig = bgpConfig
-			sm.config.BGPPeerConfig = bgpPeer
+			config.BGPConfig = bgpConfig
+			config.BGPPeerConfig = bgpPeer
 
-			rw.Stop()
+			log.Info("[annotations] exiting Annotations watcher - annotations found")
+			return nil
 		case watch.Deleted:
 			node, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Node)
 			if !ok {
@@ -130,10 +122,8 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 		default:
 		}
 	}
-	close(exitFunction)
-	log.Info("Exiting Annotations watcher")
+	log.Info("[annotations] exiting annotations watcher")
 	return nil
-
 }
 
 // parseNodeAnnotations parses the annotations on the node and updates the configuration
@@ -151,12 +141,14 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 // * `<info>` is the relevant information, such as `node-asn` or `peer-ip`
 // * `{{n}}` is the number of the peer, always starting with `0`
 // * kube-vip is only designed to manage one peer, just look for {{n}} == 0
-func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bgp.Config, bgp.Peer, error) {
-	bgpPeer := bgp.Peer{}
+func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig kubevip.BGPConfig, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (kubevip.BGPConfig, kubevip.BGPPeer, error) {
+	bgpPeer := kubevip.BGPPeer{}
+
+	prefix = regexp.QuoteMeta(prefix)
 
 	nodeASN := ""
+	regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?node-asn$", prefix))
 	for k, v := range node.Annotations {
-		regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?node-asn", prefix))
 		if regex.Match([]byte(k)) {
 			nodeASN = v
 		}
@@ -173,8 +165,8 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 	bgpConfig.AS = uint32(u64)
 
 	srcIP := ""
+	regex = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?src-ip$", prefix))
 	for k, v := range node.Annotations {
-		regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?src-ip", prefix))
 		if regex.Match([]byte(k)) {
 			srcIP = v
 		}
@@ -188,8 +180,8 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 	bgpConfig.RouterID, bgpConfig.SourceIP = srcIP, srcIP
 
 	peerASN := ""
+	regex = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?peer-asn$", prefix))
 	for k, v := range node.Annotations {
-		regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?peer-asn", prefix))
 		if regex.Match([]byte(k)) {
 			peerASN = v
 		}
@@ -206,8 +198,8 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 	bgpPeer.AS = uint32(u64)
 
 	peerIPString := ""
+	regex = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-[0-9]+-)?peer-ip$", prefix))
 	for k, v := range node.Annotations {
-		regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-[0-9]+-)?peer-ip", prefix))
 		if regex.Match([]byte(k)) {
 			peerIPString += v + ","
 		}
@@ -215,8 +207,13 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 	peerIPString = strings.TrimRight(peerIPString, ",")
 
 	peerIPs := strings.Split(peerIPString, ",")
+	if len(peerIPs) >= 1 && peerIPs[0] == "" || len(peerIPs) == 0 {
+		return bgpConfig, bgpPeer, fmt.Errorf("peer-ip value missing or empty")
+	}
 
-	bgpConfig.Peers = make([]bgp.Peer, 0, len(peerIPs))
+	bgpConfig.Peers = make([]kubevip.BGPPeer, 0, len(peerIPs))
+	regexPass := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?bgp-pass$", prefix))
+	regexMultiHop := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?peer-multi-hop$", prefix))
 	for _, peerIP := range peerIPs {
 		ipAddr := strings.TrimSpace(peerIP)
 
@@ -225,8 +222,7 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 			// Check if we're also expecting a password for this peer
 			base64BGPPassword := ""
 			for k, v := range node.Annotations {
-				regex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s/(bgp-peers-0-)?bgp-pass", prefix))
-				if regex.Match([]byte(k)) {
+				if regexPass.Match([]byte(k)) {
 					base64BGPPassword = v
 				}
 			}
@@ -239,6 +235,21 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg
 				// Set the password for each peer
 				bgpPeer.Password = string(decodedPassword)
 			}
+
+			// Check if multi-hop is enabled.
+			for k, v := range node.Annotations {
+				if regexMultiHop.MatchString(k) {
+					switch v {
+					case "true":
+						bgpPeer.MultiHop = true
+					case "false":
+						bgpPeer.MultiHop = false
+					default:
+						return bgpConfig, bgpPeer,
+							fmt.Errorf("invalid %q annotation value: %q, must be \"true\" or \"false\"", k, v)
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			bgpConfig.Peers = append(bgpConfig.Peers, bgpPeer)
 		}
 	}

pkg/manager/watcher_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "test", Annotations: map[string]string{}},
 	}
 
-	bgpConfigBase := bgp.Config{
+	bgpConfigBase := kubevip.BGPConfig{
 		HoldTime:          15,
 		KeepaliveInterval: 5,
 	}
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	node.Annotations = map[string]string{
-		"bgp/node-asn": "65000",
-		"bgp/peer-asn": "64000",
-		"bgp/src-ip":   "10.0.0.254",
+		"bgp/node-asn":       "65000",
+		"bgp/peer-asn":       "64000",
+		"bgp/src-ip":         "10.0.0.254",
+		"bgp/peer-ip":        "10.0.0.1",
+		"bgp/peer-multi-hop": "true",
 	}
 
 	bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfigBase, node, "bgp")
@@ -38,15 +40,17 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, uint32(65000), bgpConfig.AS, "bgpConfig.AS parsed incorrectly")
 	assert.Equal(t, uint32(64000), bgpPeer.AS, "bgpPeer.AS parsed incorrectly")
 	assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.254", bgpConfig.RouterID, "bgpConfig.RouterID parsed incorrectly")
+	assert.Equal(t, true, bgpPeer.MultiHop, "bgpPeer.MultiHop parsed incorrectly")
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 15, bgpConfig.HoldTime, "base bgpConfig.HoldTime should not be overwritten")
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 5, bgpConfig.KeepaliveInterval, "base bgpConfig.KeepaliveInterval should not be overwritten")
 
-	node.Annotations = map[string]string{
-		"bgp/node-asn": "65000",
-		"bgp/peer-asn": "64000",
-		"bgp/src-ip":   "10.0.0.254",
-		"bgp/peer-ip":  "10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.3",
-		"bgp/bgp-pass": "cGFzc3dvcmQ=", // password
+	node.Annotations = map[string]string{ //nolint:gosec
+		"bgp/node-asn":       "65000",
+		"bgp/peer-asn":       "64000",
+		"bgp/src-ip":         "10.0.0.254",
+		"bgp/peer-ip":        "10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.3",
+		"bgp/bgp-pass":       "cGFzc3dvcmQ=", // dummy password for the test, gosec linter disabled
+		"bgp/peer-multi-hop": "true",
 	}
 
 	bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err = parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfigBase, node, "bgp")
@@ -54,10 +58,10 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Parsing BGP annotations should return nil when minimum config is met")
 	}
 
-	bgpPeers := []bgp.Peer{
-		{Address: "10.0.0.1", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
-		{Address: "10.0.0.2", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
-		{Address: "10.0.0.3", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
+	bgpPeers := []kubevip.BGPPeer{
+		{Address: "10.0.0.1", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password", MultiHop: true},
+		{Address: "10.0.0.2", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password", MultiHop: true},
+		{Address: "10.0.0.3", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password", MultiHop: true},
 	}
 	assert.Equal(t, bgpPeers, bgpConfig.Peers, "bgpConfig.Peers parsed incorrectly")
 	assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.3", bgpPeer.Address, "bgpPeer.Address parsed incorrectly")
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ func TestParseNewBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "test", Annotations: map[string]string{}},
 	}
 
-	bgpConfigBase := bgp.Config{
+	bgpConfigBase := kubevip.BGPConfig{
 		HoldTime:          15,
 		KeepaliveInterval: 5,
 	}
@@ -86,12 +90,12 @@ func TestParseNewBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Parsing BGP annotations should return an error when no annotations exist")
 	}
 
-	node.Annotations = map[string]string{
+	node.Annotations = map[string]string{ //nolint:gosec
 		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-node-asn": "65000",
 		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-peer-asn": "64000",
 		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-peer-ip":  "10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.3",
 		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-src-ip":   "10.0.0.254",
-		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-bgp-pass": "cGFzc3dvcmQ=", // password
+		"bgp/bgp-peers-0-bgp-pass": "cGFzc3dvcmQ=", // dummy password for the test, gosec linter disabled
 	}
 
 	bgpConfig, bgpPeer, err := parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfigBase, node, "bgp")
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ func TestParseNewBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Parsing BGP annotations should return nil when minimum config is met [%v]", err)
 	}
 
-	bgpPeers := []bgp.Peer{
+	bgpPeers := []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 		{Address: "10.0.0.1", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.2", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.3", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
@@ -121,15 +125,15 @@ func Test_parseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
 		args    args
-		want    bgp.Config
-		want1   bgp.Peer
+		want    kubevip.BGPConfig
+		want1   kubevip.BGPPeer
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
 		// TODO: Add test cases.
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, got1, err := parseBgpAnnotations(bgp.Config{}, tt.args.node, tt.args.prefix)
+			got, got1, err := parseBgpAnnotations(kubevip.BGPConfig{}, tt.args.node, tt.args.prefix)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
 				t.Errorf("parseBgpAnnotations() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 				return

pkg/manager/worker/arp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type ARP struct {
+	Common
+}
+
+func NewARP(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFunc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, routeMgr *route.Manager,
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) *ARP {
+	return &ARP{
+		Common: *newCommon(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr),
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *ARP) Configure(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	log.Info("Start ARP/NDP advertisement Global")
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		a.arpMgr.StartAdvertisement(ctx)
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *ARP) StartControlPlane(ctx context.Context, electionManager *election.Manager) {
+	err := a.cpCluster.StartCluster(ctx, a.config, electionManager, nil, a.leaseMgr, a.killFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("starting control plane", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
+	a.killFunc()
+}
+
+func (a *ARP) ConfigureServices() {
+
+}
+
+func (a *ARP) StartServices(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Start a services watcher (all kube-vip pods will watch services), upon a new service
+	// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
+	if a.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		if err := a.PerServiceLeader(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		a.GlobalLeader(ctx, a.config.ServicesLeaseName)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *ARP) Name() string {
+	return "ARP"
+}

pkg/manager/worker/bgp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/metrics"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/api"
+	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v4/pkg/apiutil"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type BGP struct {
+	Common
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server
+}
+
+func NewBGP(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFunc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server, electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager,
+	routeMgr *route.Manager, nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) *BGP {
+	return &BGP{
+		Common: *newCommon(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr),
+		bgpServer: bgpServer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) Configure(ctx context.Context, _ *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	var err error
+	if b.bgpServer == nil {
+		b.bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(b.config.BGPConfig, log.Level(b.config.Logging))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("creating BGP server: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Starting the BGP server to advertise VIP routes to BGP peers")
+	if err := b.bgpServer.Start(ctx, func(p *apiutil.WatchEventMessage_PeerEvent) {
+		ipaddr := p.Peer.State.NeighborAddress.String()
+		port := uint64(179)
+		peerDescription := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ipaddr, port)
+
+		for stateName, stateValue := range api.PeerState_SessionState_value {
+			metricValue := 0.0
+			if int(p.Peer.State.SessionState) == int(stateValue) {
+
+				metricValue = 1
+			}
+
+			metrics.BGPSessionInfoGauge.With(prometheus.Labels{
+				"state": stateName,
+				"peer":  peerDescription,
+			}).Set(metricValue)
+		}
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("starting BGP server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) Cleanup() {
+	// Defer a function to check if the bgpServer has been created and if so attempt to close it
+	if b.bgpServer != nil {
+		b.bgpServer.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) StartControlPlane(ctx context.Context, electionManager *election.Manager) {
+	var err error
+	if b.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		err = b.cpCluster.StartCluster(ctx, b.config, electionManager, b.bgpServer, b.leaseMgr, b.killFunc)
+	} else {
+		err = b.cpCluster.StartVipService(ctx, b.config, electionManager, b.bgpServer, b.killFunc)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
+		// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
+		b.killFunc()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) ConfigureServices() {
+	// No configuration required
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) StartServices(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if b.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		if err := b.PerServiceLeader(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := b.ServicesNoLeader(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) ServicesGlobalLeader(ctx context.Context, id string) {
+	// NOT IMPLEMENTED
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) Name() string {
+	return "BGP"
+}

pkg/manager/worker/common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/metrics"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type Common struct {
+	arpMgr       *arp.Manager
+	cpCluster    *cluster.Cluster
+	intfMgr      *networkinterface.Manager
+	config       *kubevip.Config
+	closing      *atomic.Bool
+	killFunc     func()
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor
+	mutex        *sync.Mutex
+	clientSet    *kubernetes.Clientset
+	electionMgr  *election.Manager
+	leaseMgr     *lease.Manager
+	routeMgr     *route.Manager
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler
+}
+
+func newCommon(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFunc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, routeMgr *route.Manager,
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) *Common {
+	return &Common{
+		arpMgr:       arpMgr,
+		intfMgr:      intfMgr,
+		config:       config,
+		closing:      closing,
+		killFunc:     killFunc,
+		svcProcessor: svcProcessor,
+		mutex:        mutex,
+		clientSet:    clientSet,
+		electionMgr:  electionMgr,
+		leaseMgr:     leaseMgr,
+		routeMgr:     routeMgr,
+		nodeLabelMgr: nodeLabelMgr,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Common) InitControlPlane() error {
+	var err error
+	c.cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(c.config, false, c.intfMgr, c.arpMgr, c.routeMgr, c.nodeLabelMgr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cluster initialization error: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Common) PerServiceLeader(ctx context.Context) error {
+	log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
+	err := c.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Common) GlobalLeader(ctx context.Context, leaseName string) {
+	c.runGlobalElection(ctx, c, leaseName, c.config, c.electionMgr)
+}
+
+func (c *Common) ServicesNoLeader(ctx context.Context) error {
+	log.Info("beginning watching services without leader election")
+	err := c.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, services.NewCallback(c.svcProcessor.SyncServices, false))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error while watching services: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Common) Cleanup() {
+	// NOT IMPLEMENTED
+}
+
+func (c *Common) OnStartedLeading(ctx context.Context) {
+	err := c.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, services.NewCallback(c.svcProcessor.SyncServices, false))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("service watcher", "err", err)
+		c.killFunc()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Common) OnStoppedLeading() {
+	// we can do cleanup here
+	c.mutex.Lock()
+	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
+	log.Info("leader lost", "former leader", c.config.NodeName)
+	c.svcProcessor.Stop()
+
+	log.Error("lost services leadership, restarting kube-vip")
+	c.killFunc()
+}
+
+func (c *Common) OnNewLeader(identity string) {
+	if identity == c.config.NodeName {
+		// I just got the lock
+		return
+	}
+	log.Info("new leader elected", "new leader", identity)
+}
+
+func (c *Common) runGlobalElection(ctx context.Context, a election.Actions, leaseName string,
+	config *kubevip.Config, electionManager *election.Manager) {
+
+	ns, leaseName := lease.NamespaceName(leaseName, config)
+
+	leaseID := lease.NewID(config.LeaderElectionType, ns, leaseName)
+	objectName := lease.ObjectName(leaseID, "svcs0")
+
+	// objLease, isNew, isSharedLease := c.leaseMgr.Add(leaseID, objectName)
+
+	objLease := c.leaseMgr.Add(ctx, leaseID)
+	isNew := objLease.Add(objectName)
+
+	// this service was already processed so we do not need to do anything
+	if !isNew {
+		log.Debug("this election was already done, waiting for it to finish", "lease", c.config.ServicesLeaseName)
+		// Wait for either the service context or lease context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			// Service was deleted
+			c.leaseMgr.Delete(leaseID, objectName)
+		case <-objLease.Ctx.Done():
+			// Leader election ended (leadership lost or context cancelled)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	objLease.Lock()
+
+	defer func() {
+		objLease.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	if objLease.Elected.Load() {
+		objLease.Unlock()
+		log.Debug("this election was already done, shared lease", "lease", leaseID.Name())
+
+		// wait for leader election to start or context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-objLease.Started:
+		case <-objLease.Ctx.Done():
+			// Lease was cancelled (e.g., leader election ended), return immediately
+			// This allows the restart loop to create a fresh lease
+			log.Debug("lease context cancelled before leader election started", "lease", leaseID.Name())
+			return
+		}
+
+		a.OnStartedLeading(objLease.Ctx)
+
+		log.Debug("waiting for lease to finish", "lease", leaseID.Name())
+		// wait for leaderelection to be finished
+		<-objLease.Ctx.Done()
+
+		// we can do cleanup here
+		a.OnStoppedLeading()
+
+		log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip", "lease", leaseID.Name())
+		c.killFunc()
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// For new leases (not shared), ensure cleanup when the leader election ends
+	// This is critical for the restartable service watcher to be able to restart
+	// the leader election after leadership loss
+	defer func() {
+		// Delete the lease from the manager so subsequent calls can create a fresh lease
+		// This handles the case where leader election ends due to:
+		// 1. Leadership loss (e.g., network timeout)
+		// 2. Context cancellation
+		// 3. Any other reason RunOrDie returns
+		c.leaseMgr.Delete(leaseID, objectName)
+	}()
+
+	run := &election.RunConfig{
+		Config:           config,
+		LeaseID:          leaseID,
+		LeaseAnnotations: map[string]string{},
+		Mgr:              electionManager,
+		OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
+			objLease.Elected.Store(true)
+			objLease.Unlock()
+			close(objLease.Started)
+			a.OnStartedLeading(ctx)
+			metrics.LeaderTransitionsTotal.WithLabelValues(leaseID.Name()).Inc()
+			metrics.IsLeader.WithLabelValues(config.NodeName, leaseID.Name()).Set(1)
+		},
+		OnStoppedLeading: func() {
+			objLease.Elected.Store(false)
+			a.OnStoppedLeading()
+			metrics.IsLeader.WithLabelValues(config.NodeName, leaseID.Name()).Set(0)
+		},
+		OnNewLeader: a.OnNewLeader,
+	}
+
+	if err := election.RunOrDie(ctx, run, config); err != nil {
+		log.Error("leaderelection failed", "err", err, "id", config.NodeName, "name", leaseID.Name())
+	}
+}

pkg/manager/worker/table.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type Table struct {
+	Common
+}
+
+func NewTable(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFUnc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, routeMgr *route.Manager,
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) *Table {
+	return &Table{
+		Common: *newCommon(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFUnc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr),
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Table) Configure(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	log.Info("destination for routes", "table", t.config.RoutingTableID, "protocol", t.config.RoutingProtocol)
+
+	if t.config.CleanRoutingTable {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			// we assume that after 10s all services should be configured so we can delete redundant routes
+			time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
+			if err := t.cleanRoutes(); err != nil {
+				log.Error("error checking for old routes", "err", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Table) StartControlPlane(ctx context.Context, electionManager *election.Manager) {
+	if err := t.cpCluster.StartVipService(ctx, t.config, electionManager, nil, t.killFunc); err != nil {
+		log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
+		// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
+		t.killFunc()
+	} else {
+		log.Debug("start VipServer for cluster manager successful")
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Table) ConfigureServices() {
+	// No configuration required
+}
+
+func (t *Table) StartServices(ctx context.Context) error {
+	log.Debug("starting Services")
+
+	if t.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		if err := t.PerServiceLeader(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else if t.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		t.GlobalLeader(ctx, t.config.ServicesLeaseName)
+	} else {
+		if err := t.ServicesNoLeader(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Table) Name() string {
+	return "Routing Table"
+}
+
+func (t *Table) cleanRoutes() error {
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
+	routes, err := vip.ListRoutes(t.config.RoutingTableID, t.config.RoutingProtocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error getting routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for i := range routes {
+		found := false
+		if t.config.EnableControlPlane {
+			found = (routes[i].Dst.IP.String() == t.config.Address)
+		} else {
+			found = t.routeMgr.Check(routes[i].String())
+		}
+
+		if !found {
+			err = netlink.RouteDel(&(routes[i]))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[route] deletion", "route", routes[i], "err", err)
+			}
+			log.Debug("[route] deletion", "route", routes[i])
+		}
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/manager/worker/wireguard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/sysctl"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/wireguard"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type WireGuard struct {
+	Common
+	tunnelMgr           *wireguard.TunnelManager
+	kubeAPIHost         string
+	kubeAPIPort         string
+	endpointWatcherCtx  context.Context
+	endpointWatcherStop context.CancelFunc
+	endpointWatcherWg   sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func NewWireGuard(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFUnc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager, routeMgr *route.Manager,
+	nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) *WireGuard {
+	return &WireGuard{
+		Common: *newCommon(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFUnc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr),
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) Configure(ctx context.Context, _ *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	log.Info("reading wireguard tunnel configurations from Kubernetes secret")
+	tunnelMgr := wireguard.NewTunnelManager()
+
+	err := tunnelMgr.LoadConfigurationsFromSecret(ctx, w.clientSet, w.config.Namespace, "wireguard")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load WireGuard tunnel configurations: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Clean up any stale resources from previous runs (crash recovery for hostNetwork: true)
+	// Must be called AFTER loading configs so we know which interfaces/ports to clean
+	if err := tunnelMgr.CleanupStaleResources(); err != nil {
+		log.Warn("failed to cleanup stale resources", "err", err)
+		// Continue anyway - the cleanup is best-effort
+	}
+
+	if _, err := sysctl.EnableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/src_valid_mark"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark is disabled and could not be enabled %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := sysctl.EnableProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/route_localnet"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet is disabled and could not be enabled %w", err)
+	}
+
+	w.tunnelMgr = tunnelMgr
+	configuredVIPs := tunnelMgr.ListConfiguredTunnels()
+	log.Info("loaded WireGuard tunnel configurations", "vips", configuredVIPs)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) InitControlPlane() error {
+	// Get Kubernetes service IP and port from environment
+	w.kubeAPIHost = os.Getenv("KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST")
+	w.kubeAPIPort = os.Getenv("KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS")
+	if w.kubeAPIHost == "" || w.kubeAPIPort == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST or KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS not set")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) StartControlPlane(ctx context.Context, electionManager *election.Manager) {
+	if !w.tunnelMgr.HasConfigForVIP(w.config.VIP) {
+		log.Error("no WireGuard tunnel configuration found for control plane VIP", "vip", w.config.VIP)
+		return
+	}
+	w.runGlobalElection(ctx, w, w.config.LeaseName, w.config, electionManager)
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) ConfigureServices() {
+	w.svcProcessor.TunnelMgr = w.tunnelMgr
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) StartServices(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if w.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
+		err := w.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) Name() string {
+	return "WireGuard"
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) OnStartedLeading(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Bring up the WireGuard tunnel for control plane VIP
+	err := w.tunnelMgr.BringUpTunnelForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("could not start wireguard tunnel for control plane", "vip", w.config.VIP, "err", err)
+		_ = w.tunnelMgr.TearDownTunnelForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+		w.killFunc()
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Get the tunnel to access its configuration
+	wg := w.tunnelMgr.GetTunnelForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+	if wg == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to get wireguard tunnel after bringing up", "vip", w.config.VIP)
+		w.killFunc()
+		return
+	}
+
+	tunnelConfig := w.tunnelMgr.GetConfigForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+	if tunnelConfig == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to get tunnel configuration", "vip", w.config.VIP)
+		_ = w.tunnelMgr.TearDownTunnelForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+		w.killFunc()
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Start endpoint watcher - DNAT rules will be applied when endpoints arrive
+	w.endpointWatcherCtx, w.endpointWatcherStop = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	w.endpointWatcherWg.Go(func() {
+		w.watchKubernetesEndpoints(w.endpointWatcherCtx, tunnelConfig)
+	})
+
+	if w.config.EnableServices && !w.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		if err := w.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, services.NewCallback(w.svcProcessor.SyncServices, false)); err != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to start services watcher", "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// watchKubernetesEndpoints watches the kubernetes service EndpointSlices for changes
+// and updates the DNAT rules when API server endpoints change (e.g., when an API server goes down)
+func (w *WireGuard) watchKubernetesEndpoints(ctx context.Context, tunnelConfig *wireguard.TunnelConfig) {
+	log.Info("starting kubernetes endpoint watcher for control plane")
+
+	kubeSvc := &v1.Service{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:      "kubernetes",
+			Namespace: "default",
+		},
+	}
+
+	provider := providers.NewEndpointslices()
+	rw, err := provider.CreateRetryWatcher(ctx, w.clientSet, kubeSvc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to create kubernetes endpoint watcher", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer rw.Stop()
+
+	for event := range rw.ResultChan() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("kubernetes endpoint watcher stopped")
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		switch event.Type {
+		case watch.Added, watch.Modified, watch.Deleted:
+			if err := provider.LoadObject(event.Object, func() {}); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to load endpoint object", "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			endpoints, _ := provider.GetAllEndpoints()
+			log.Info("kubernetes endpoints changed, updating DNAT rules", "eventType", event.Type, "endpoints", endpoints)
+			if err := w.updateControlPlaneDNAT(tunnelConfig, endpoints); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to update control plane DNAT rules", "err", err)
+			}
+		case watch.Error:
+			log.Warn("kubernetes endpoint watch error", "event", event)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// updateControlPlaneDNAT updates the DNAT rules for the control plane with the given endpoints
+func (w *WireGuard) updateControlPlaneDNAT(tunnelConfig *wireguard.TunnelConfig, endpoints []string) error {
+	if len(endpoints) == 0 {
+		log.Warn("no kubernetes API server endpoints available")
+		// Don't delete rules - keep routing to last known endpoints
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Build targets with default port 6443
+	targets := make([]nftables.DNATTarget, len(endpoints))
+	for i, ep := range endpoints {
+		targets[i] = nftables.DNATTarget{IP: ep, Port: 6443}
+	}
+
+	vipIP := utils.StripCIDR(w.config.VIP)
+
+	err := nftables.ApplyDNAT(
+		tunnelConfig.InterfaceName,
+		vipIP,
+		6443,
+		targets,
+		"controlplane",
+		v1.ProtocolTCP,
+		false,
+		tunnelConfig.ListenPort,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply updated DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("control plane DNAT rules updated", "targetCount", len(targets))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) OnStoppedLeading() {
+	// we can do cleanup here
+	w.mutex.Lock()
+	defer w.mutex.Unlock()
+	log.Info("leader lost", "id", w.config.NodeName)
+
+	// Stop the kubernetes endpoint watcher and wait for it to finish
+	if w.endpointWatcherStop != nil {
+		w.endpointWatcherStop()
+		w.endpointWatcherWg.Wait()
+	}
+
+	log.Info("deleting nftables DNAT chains")
+	err := nftables.DeleteIngressChains(false, "controlplane")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("could not delete DNAT ingress chains", "err", err)
+	} else {
+		log.Info("nftables DNAT chains deleted successfully")
+	}
+
+	// Tear down all tunnels (control plane + services)
+	err = w.tunnelMgr.TearDownAllTunnels()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to tear down tunnels", "err", err)
+	}
+	if w.config.EnableServices && !w.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		w.svcProcessor.Stop()
+	}
+	log.Error("lost control plane leadership, restarting kube-vip")
+	w.killFunc()
+}
+
+func (w *WireGuard) OnNewLeader(identity string) {
+	// we're notified when new leader elected
+	if identity == w.config.NodeName {
+		// I just got the lock
+		return
+	}
+	// safety check - tear down tunnel if we're not the leader
+	_ = w.tunnelMgr.TearDownTunnelForVIP(w.config.VIP)
+	log.Info("new leader elected", "id", identity)
+}

pkg/manager/worker/worker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package worker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/route"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type Worker interface {
+	Configure(context.Context, *sync.WaitGroup) error
+	InitControlPlane() error
+	StartControlPlane(context.Context, *election.Manager)
+	ConfigureServices()
+	StartServices(ctx context.Context) error
+	Name() string
+	Cleanup()
+}
+
+func New(arpMgr *arp.Manager, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager,
+	config *kubevip.Config, closing *atomic.Bool, killFunc func(),
+	svcProcessor *services.Processor, mutex *sync.Mutex, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server, electionMgr *election.Manager, leaseMgr *lease.Manager,
+	routeMgr *route.Manager, nodeLabelMgr node.Labeler) Worker {
+	if config.EnableARP {
+		return NewARP(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr)
+	}
+
+	if config.EnableBGP {
+		return NewBGP(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, bgpServer,
+			electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr, nodeLabelMgr)
+	}
+
+	if config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		return NewTable(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr)
+	}
+
+	if config.EnableWireguard {
+		return NewWireGuard(arpMgr, intfMgr, config, closing, killFunc,
+			svcProcessor, mutex, clientSet, electionMgr, leaseMgr, routeMgr,
+			nodeLabelMgr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/metrics/prometheus.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package metrics
+
+import "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+
+var (
+	// Service / VIP Lifecycle
+	ActiveServices = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
+		prometheus.GaugeOpts{Name: "kube_vip_active_services", Help: "How many LB services are currently managed"},
+		[]string{"namespace"},
+	)
+	ServiceReconcileErrorsTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
+		prometheus.CounterOpts{Name: "kube_vip_service_reconcile_errors_total", Help: "Count reconcile failures"},
+		[]string{"namespace", "name", "reason"},
+	)
+	ServiceReconcileDuration = prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{Name: "kube_vip_service_reconcile_duration_seconds", Help: "How long AddOrModify takes end-to-end"},
+		[]string{"namespace"},
+	)
+
+	// This is a prometheus counter used to count the number of events received
+	// from the service watcher
+	CountServiceWatchEvent = prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: "kube_vip",
+		Subsystem: "manager",
+		Name:      "all_services_events",
+		Help:      "Count all events fired by the service watcher categorised by event type",
+	}, []string{"type"})
+
+	// Leader Election
+	LeaderTransitionsTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
+		prometheus.CounterOpts{Name: "kube_vip_leader_election_transitions_total", Help: "Frequent transitions mean instability"},
+		[]string{"lease_name"},
+	)
+	IsLeader = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
+		prometheus.GaugeOpts{Name: "kube_vip_is_leader", Help: "1 if this node currently holds the lease"},
+		[]string{"node", "lease_name"},
+	)
+
+	// This is a prometheus gauge indicating the state of the sessions.
+	// 1 means "ESTABLISHED", 0 means "NOT ESTABLISHED"
+	BGPSessionInfoGauge = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: "kube_vip",
+		Subsystem: "manager",
+		Name:      "bgp_session_info",
+		Help:      "Display state of session by setting metric for label value with current state to 1",
+	}, []string{"state", "peer"},
+	)
+
+	// General Health
+	BuildInfo = prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
+		prometheus.GaugeOpts{Name: "kube_vip_build_info", Help: "Constant 1; track version skew across nodes"},
+		[]string{"version", "build", "node"},
+	)
+)
+
+func RegisterPrometheusMetrics() {
+	// Register all metrics with Prometheus
+	prometheus.MustRegister(
+		ActiveServices,
+		ServiceReconcileErrorsTotal,
+		ServiceReconcileDuration,
+		LeaderTransitionsTotal,
+		IsLeader,
+		BGPSessionInfoGauge,
+		BuildInfo,
+		CountServiceWatchEvent,
+	)
+}

pkg/networkinterface/networkinterface.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package networkinterface
 
 import (
+	log "log/slog"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
@@ -23,6 +24,12 @@ func NewManager() *Manager {
 
 func (m *Manager) Get(intf netlink.Link) *Link {
 	if l, ok := m.interfaces[intf.Attrs().Name]; ok {
+		updated, err := netlink.LinkByName(l.Intf.Attrs().Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to get interface %q: %w", l.Intf.Attrs().Name, err)
+			return nil
+		}
+		l.Intf = updated
 		return l
 	}
 	result := &Link{

pkg/node/labeler/label_manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package labeler
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+// labelOperation is the operation to perform on the node labels
+type labelOperation string
+
+// labelOperation constants
+const (
+	labelOperationRemove labelOperation = "remove"
+	labelOperationAdd    labelOperation = "add"
+)
+
+// NewManager creates a new Label Manager for the given node
+func NewManager(nodeName string, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		nodeName:  nodeName,
+		clientSet: clientSet,
+	}
+}
+
+// Manager is the label Manager for the node
+type Manager struct {
+	// nodeName is the name of the node to manage
+	nodeName string
+
+	// clientSet is the Kubernetes client set to use
+	clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset
+}
+
+// AddLabel a new label to the node
+func (m *Manager) AddLabel(labels map[string]string) error {
+	log.Debug("add labels to node", "node", m.nodeName)
+	return m.patchNode(labelOperationAdd, labels)
+}
+
+// RemoveLabel a label from the node
+func (m *Manager) RemoveLabel(labels map[string]string) error {
+	log.Debug("delete label from node")
+	return m.patchNode(labelOperationRemove, labels)
+}
+
+// CleanUpLabels purges the node labels
+func (m *Manager) CleanUpLabels(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	log.Debug("cleaning up labels for node", "node", m.nodeName, "timeout", timeout)
+
+	// create new context for labels cleanup (independent)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// get the node
+	node, err := m.clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Get(ctx, m.nodeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get node %s", m.nodeName)
+	}
+
+	// collect all labels with the prefix to remove
+	labels := map[string]string{}
+	for _, k := range kubevip.GetKeysForCleanup() {
+		if _, ok := node.Labels[k]; ok {
+			labels[k] = ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(labels) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("no labels to remove for node", "node", m.nodeName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// patch the node with the labels to remove
+	return m.patchNode(labelOperationRemove, labels)
+}
+
+// patchNode patches the node with the given labels
+func (m *Manager) patchNode(operation labelOperation, labels map[string]string) error {
+	type patchStringLabel struct {
+		Op    string `json:"op"`
+		Path  string `json:"path"`
+		Value string `json:"value"`
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*30)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	patchLabels := []patchStringLabel{}
+	// generate the patch
+	for k, v := range labels {
+		patchLabels = append(patchLabels, patchStringLabel{
+			Op: string(operation),
+			// replace all slashes with ~1
+			Path:  fmt.Sprintf("/metadata/labels/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(k, "/", "~1")),
+			Value: v,
+		})
+	}
+
+	patchData, err := json.Marshal(patchLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debug("node patch marshaling failed", "err", err, "labels", labels, "patch", patchLabels)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "node patch marshaling failed for labels %v", labels)
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("patching node",
+		"node", m.nodeName,
+		"patch", string(patchData),
+		"operation", operation,
+		"labels", labels,
+		"clientSetNil", m.clientSet == nil)
+	if m.clientSet == nil {
+		return errors.New("kubernetes client is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	// patch node
+	node, err := m.clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Patch(ctx, m.nodeName, types.JSONPatchType, patchData, metav1.PatchOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debug("node patching failed", "err", err, "patchData", patchData)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "node patching failed with patch %s", string(patchData))
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("updated", "node", m.nodeName, "labels", node.Labels)
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/node/noop/label_noop_manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package noop
+
+import (
+	"time"
+)
+
+// NewManager creates a new NoOp label manager
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{}
+}
+
+type Manager struct{}
+
+func (m *Manager) AddLabel(labels map[string]string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) RemoveLabel(labels map[string]string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) CleanUpLabels(_ time.Duration) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/node/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package node
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node/labeler"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node/noop"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+// LabelManager is the interface for the node label manager
+type LabelManager interface {
+	Labeler
+	LabelCleaner
+}
+
+type Labeler interface {
+	// AddLabel adds a label to the node
+	AddLabel(labels map[string]string) error
+
+	// RemoveLabel removes the label from the node
+	RemoveLabel(labels map[string]string) error
+}
+
+type LabelCleaner interface {
+	// CleanUpLabels removes all labels from the node
+	CleanUpLabels(timeout time.Duration) error
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a new Label Manager for the given node
+// NoOp implementation is returned if node labeling is disabled,
+// or if the client is not ready
+func NewManager(config *kubevip.Config, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) LabelManager {
+	if !config.EnableNodeLabeling {
+		return noop.NewManager()
+	}
+
+	if clientSet == nil {
+		log.Debug("Skip node labeling, client is not ready")
+		return noop.NewManager()
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("Node labeling enabled")
+
+	return labeler.NewManager(config.NodeName, clientSet)
+}

pkg/route/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package route
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	tracker map[string]*item
+	mtx     sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		tracker: make(map[string]*item),
+	}
+}
+
+type item struct {
+	objects map[string]bool
+	route   route
+}
+
+func newItem(r route) *item {
+	return &item{
+		objects: make(map[string]bool),
+		route:   r,
+	}
+}
+
+type route interface {
+	AddRoute(bool) (bool, error)
+	UpdateRoutes() (bool, error)
+	DeleteRoute() error
+	RouteHash() string
+	Interface() string
+}
+
+// Add will add route
+func (m *Manager) Add(object string, r route, precheck, update bool) error {
+	m.mtx.Lock()
+	defer m.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	key := r.RouteHash()
+
+	itm, exists := m.tracker[key]
+
+	if !exists {
+		m.tracker[key] = newItem(r)
+		itm = m.tracker[key]
+
+		added, err := r.AddRoute(precheck)
+		if err != nil {
+			if update && errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) && update {
+				// If route exists, but protocol is not set (e.g. the route was created by the older version
+				// of kube-vip) try to update it if necessary
+				isUpdated, err := r.UpdateRoutes()
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error updating existing route: %w", err)
+				}
+				if isUpdated {
+					log.Debug("[RT] updated route", "path", key, "object", object, "interface", r.Interface())
+				}
+			} else {
+				// If other error occurs, return error
+				return fmt.Errorf("error adding route %q: %w", key, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if added {
+			log.Debug("[RT] added route", "path", key, "object", object)
+		}
+	}
+
+	itm.objects[object] = true
+
+	log.Debug("[RT] incremented route", "path", key, "object", object, "cnt", len(itm.objects))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete will delete route
+func (m *Manager) Delete(object string, r route) error {
+	m.mtx.Lock()
+	defer m.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	key := r.RouteHash()
+
+	itm, exists := m.tracker[key]
+	if !exists {
+		log.Debug("[RT] deleting route - nothing to delete", "path", key, "object", object)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	delete(itm.objects, object)
+
+	log.Debug("[RT] decremented route", "path", key, "object", object, "cnt", len(itm.objects))
+
+	if len(itm.objects) == 0 {
+		if err := r.DeleteRoute(); err != nil {
+			itm.objects[object] = true
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete route: %w", err)
+		}
+		delete(m.tracker, key)
+		log.Debug("[RT] deleted route", "path", key, "object", object)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Clear() {
+	for _, itm := range m.tracker {
+		if err := itm.route.DeleteRoute(); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("[RT] failed to delete route", "err", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+	m.tracker = make(map[string]*item)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Check(key string) bool {
+	_, exists := m.tracker[key]
+	return exists
+}

pkg/route/manager_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package route
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_SingleAddDel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Add and delete single route", func(_ *testing.T) {
+		m := NewManager()
+		if m == nil { // nolint
+			t.Error("failed to create manager")
+		}
+
+		r := &mockRoute{hash: "123456"}
+
+		name := "test-service"
+
+		if err := m.Add(name, r, false, false); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("add failed for route %q, object %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+		}
+
+		expected := 1
+		if len(m.tracker) != expected { //nolint
+			t.Errorf("number of items in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expected, len(m.tracker))
+		}
+
+		item, exists := m.tracker[r.RouteHash()]
+		if !exists {
+			t.Errorf("object %q was not added to tracker for service %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+		}
+
+		if len(item.objects) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("number of objects for %q was %d instead of 1", name, len(item.objects))
+		}
+
+		if err := m.Delete(name, r); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("deletion of object %q failed for service %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+		}
+
+		expected = 0
+		if len(m.tracker) != expected {
+			t.Errorf("number of items in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expected, len(m.tracker))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Test_MultipleAddDel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Add and delete same route multiple times", func(_ *testing.T) {
+		m := NewManager()
+		if m == nil {
+			t.Error("failed to create manager")
+		}
+
+		r := &mockRoute{hash: "123456"}
+
+		numOfServices := 50
+		expectedRoutes := 1
+
+		for i := range numOfServices {
+			name := fmt.Sprintf("test-service-%d", i)
+
+			if err := m.Add(name, r, false, false); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("add failed for route %q, object %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+			}
+
+			if len(m.tracker) != expectedRoutes {
+				t.Errorf("number of routes in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expectedRoutes, len(m.tracker))
+			}
+
+			item, exists := m.tracker[r.RouteHash()]
+			if !exists {
+				t.Errorf("route %q was not added to the tracker", r.RouteHash())
+			}
+
+			expected := i + 1
+			if len(item.objects) != expected {
+				t.Errorf("number of objects for %q was %d instead of 1", name, len(item.objects))
+			}
+		}
+
+		for i := range numOfServices {
+			name := fmt.Sprintf("test-service-%d", i)
+
+			if err := m.Delete(name, r); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("delete failed for route %q, object %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+			}
+
+			if i == numOfServices-1 {
+				expectedRoutes = 0
+			}
+
+			if len(m.tracker) != expectedRoutes {
+				t.Errorf("number of routes in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expectedRoutes, len(m.tracker))
+			}
+
+			exists := m.Check(r.RouteHash())
+			if i < numOfServices-1 {
+				if !exists {
+					t.Errorf("route %q was not added to the tracker", r.RouteHash())
+				}
+			} else {
+				if exists {
+					t.Errorf("route %q was not deleted from the tracker", r.RouteHash())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Test_MultipleRoutesAddDel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Add and delete multiple routes multiple times", func(_ *testing.T) {
+		m := NewManager()
+		if m == nil {
+			t.Error("failed to create manager")
+		}
+
+		routes := []*mockRoute{}
+
+		numOfRoutes := 20
+		hashBase := 123456
+
+		for i := range numOfRoutes {
+			routes = append(routes, &mockRoute{hash: fmt.Sprintf("%d%d", hashBase, i)})
+		}
+
+		numOfServices := 50
+
+		for rtCnt, r := range routes {
+			for i := range numOfServices {
+
+				expectedRoutes := rtCnt + 1
+				name := fmt.Sprintf("test-service-%d", i)
+
+				if err := m.Add(name, r, false, false); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("add failed for route %q, object %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+				}
+
+				if len(m.tracker) != expectedRoutes {
+					t.Errorf("number of routes in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expectedRoutes, len(m.tracker))
+				}
+
+				item, exists := m.tracker[r.RouteHash()]
+				if !exists {
+					t.Errorf("route %q was not added to the tracker", r.RouteHash())
+				}
+
+				expected := i + 1
+				if len(item.objects) != expected {
+					t.Errorf("number of objects for %q was %d instead of 1", name, len(item.objects))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		for rtCnt, r := range routes {
+			for i := range numOfServices {
+				name := fmt.Sprintf("test-service-%d", i)
+
+				if err := m.Delete(name, r); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("delete failed for route %q, object %q", r.RouteHash(), name)
+				}
+
+				expectedRoutes := numOfRoutes - rtCnt
+				if i == numOfServices-1 {
+					expectedRoutes -= 1
+				}
+
+				if len(m.tracker) != expectedRoutes {
+					t.Errorf("number of routes in tracker should be %d, but is %d", expectedRoutes, len(m.tracker))
+				}
+
+				exists := m.Check(r.RouteHash())
+				if i < numOfServices-1 {
+					if !exists {
+						t.Errorf("route %q should not be deleted", r.RouteHash())
+					}
+				} else {
+					if exists {
+						t.Errorf("route %q was not deleted from the tracker", r.RouteHash())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+type mockRoute struct {
+	added     bool
+	addErr    error
+	updated   bool
+	updateErr error
+	delErr    error
+	hash      string
+	intf      string
+}
+
+func (mr *mockRoute) AddRoute(_ bool) (bool, error) {
+	return mr.added, mr.addErr
+}
+
+func (mr *mockRoute) UpdateRoutes() (bool, error) {
+	return mr.updated, mr.updateErr
+}
+
+func (mr *mockRoute) DeleteRoute() error {
+	return mr.delErr
+}
+
+func (mr *mockRoute) RouteHash() string {
+	return mr.hash
+}
+
+func (mr *mockRoute) Interface() string {
+	return mr.intf
+}

pkg/servicecontext/servicecontext.go

@@ -3,21 +3,27 @@ package servicecontext
 import (
 	"context"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 )
 
 type Context struct {
 	Ctx                context.Context
 	Cancel             context.CancelFunc
-	IsActive           bool
 	IsWatched          bool
 	ConfiguredNetworks sync.Map
+	EndpointsReady     chan any
+	epReady            sync.Once
+	Signalled          atomic.Bool
+	LeaderCancel       context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 func New(ctx context.Context) *Context {
-	svcCtx, svcCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	// context and cancel stored for a future use, gosec linter disabled
+	svcCtx, svcCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx) //nolint:gosec
 	return &Context{
-		Ctx:    svcCtx,
-		Cancel: svcCancel,
+		Ctx:            svcCtx,
+		Cancel:         svcCancel,
+		EndpointsReady: make(chan any),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -34,3 +40,18 @@ func (ctx *Context) IsNetworkConfigured(ip string) bool {
 	_, exists := ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Load(ip)
 	return exists
 }
+
+func (ctx *Context) SignalReadiness() {
+	ctx.epReady.Do(func() {
+		close(ctx.EndpointsReady)
+		ctx.Signalled.Store(true)
+	})
+}
+
+func (ctx *Context) ResetReadiness() {
+	if ctx.Signalled.Load() {
+		ctx.EndpointsReady = make(chan any)
+		ctx.epReady = sync.Once{}
+		ctx.Signalled.Store(false)
+	}
+}

pkg/services/callback.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+type Callback struct {
+	Function           func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error
+	UsesLeaderElection bool
+}
+
+func NewCallback(f func(*servicecontext.Context, *v1.Service, *sync.WaitGroup, bool) error, leaderElection bool) *Callback {
+	return &Callback{
+		Function:           f,
+		UsesLeaderElection: leaderElection,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Callback) Run(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, svc *v1.Service, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	return c.Function(svcCtx, svc, wg, c.UsesLeaderElection)
+}

pkg/services/context.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-package services
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type Context struct {
-	Ctx                context.Context
-	Cancel             context.CancelFunc
-	IsActive           bool
-	IsWatched          bool
-	ConfiguredNetworks sync.Map
-}
-
-func NewContext(ctx context.Context) *Context {
-	svcCtx, svcCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	return &Context{
-		Ctx:    svcCtx,
-		Cancel: svcCancel,
-	}
-}
-
-func (ctx *Context) HasConfiguredNetworks() bool {
-	cnt := 0
-	ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Range(func(_ any, _ any) bool {
-		cnt++
-		return cnt < 1
-	})
-	return cnt > 0
-}
-
-func (ctx *Context) IsNetworkConfigured(ip string) bool {
-	_, exists := ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Load(ip)
-	return exists
-}

pkg/services/egress.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	v1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 )
@@ -77,12 +78,12 @@ func (p *Processor) nftablesCheck() error {
 
 func getSameFamilyCidr(sourceCidrs, ip string) string { //Todo: not sure how this ever worked
 	cidrs := strings.Split(sourceCidrs, ",")
-	isV6 := vip.IsIPv6(ip)
+	isV6 := utils.IsIPv6(ip)
 	matchingFamily := []string{}
 	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
 		// Is the ip an IPv6 address
 		if isV6 {
-			if vip.IsIPv6CIDR(cidr) {
+			if utils.IsIPv6CIDR(cidr) {
 				matchingFamily = append(matchingFamily, cidr)
 				selectedCIDR, err := checkCIDR(ip, cidr)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func getSameFamilyCidr(sourceCidrs, ip string) string { //Todo: not sure how thi
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			if vip.IsIPv4CIDR(cidr) {
+			if utils.IsIPv4CIDR(cidr) {
 				matchingFamily = append(matchingFamily, cidr)
 				selectedCidr, err := checkCIDR(ip, cidr)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func checkCIDR(ip, cidr string) (string, error) {
 	return "", nil
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string, annotations map[string]string) error {
+func (p *Processor) configureEgress(ctx context.Context, vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string, annotations map[string]string) error {
 	var podCidr, serviceCidr string
 	var autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR string
 	var discoverErr error
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 	internalEgress := annotations[kubevip.EgressInternal]
 
 	if p.config.EgressPodCidr == "" || p.config.EgressServiceCidr == "" {
-		autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR, discoverErr = p.AutoDiscoverCIDRs()
+		autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR, discoverErr = p.AutoDiscoverCIDRs(ctx)
 	}
 
 	if discoverErr != nil {
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 
 	if podCidr == "" {
 		// There's no default IPv6 pod CIDR, therefore we silently back off if CIDR s not specified.
-		if !vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+		if !utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error with the CIDR [%s]", podIP)
 		}
 		podCidr = defaultPodCIDR
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 
 	if serviceCidr == "" {
 		// There's no default IPv6 service CIDR, therefore we silently back off if CIDR s not specified.
-		if !vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) {
+		if !utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) {
 			return nil
 		}
 		serviceCidr = defaultServiceCIDR
@@ -188,23 +189,23 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 	log.Info("[Egress]", "podCIDR", podCidr, "serviceCIDR", serviceCidr, "vip", serviceCidr, "pod", podIP)
 
 	// checking if all addresses are of the same IP family
-	if vip.IsIPv4(podIP) != vip.IsIPv4CIDR(podCidr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(podIP) != utils.IsIPv4CIDR(podCidr) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "podCIDR", podCidr)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) != vip.IsIPv4CIDR(serviceCidr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) != utils.IsIPv4CIDR(serviceCidr) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "serviceCIDR", serviceCidr)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) != vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) != utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "vipIP", vipIP)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	protocol := iptables.ProtocolIPv4
-	if vip.IsIPv6(vipIP) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(vipIP) {
 		protocol = iptables.ProtocolIPv6
 	}
 
@@ -223,54 +224,15 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 
 		}
 
-		// Apply the SNAT rules
-		err := nftables.ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, serviceUUID, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDRs, vip.IsIPv6(vipIP))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error performing netlink nftables [%s]", err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Use the internal egress implementation
-	if internalEgress != "" {
-		// Create an array of CIDRs that we wont SNAT to.
-		ignoreCIDRs := []string{
-			podCidr,
-			serviceCidr,
-		}
-
-		// Ad anny specifically denied networks
-		if deniedNetworks != "" {
-			networks := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(deniedNetworks), ",") //Remove whitespace characters and then create an array from the CIDRs
-			ignoreCIDRs = append(ignoreCIDRs, networks...)
-
+		// Add networks that we specifically should only SNAT for
+		allowCIDRs := []string{}
+		if allowedNetworks != "" {
+			networks := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(allowedNetworks), ",") //Remove whitespace characters and then create an array from the CIDRs
+			allowCIDRs = append(allowCIDRs, networks...)
 		}
 
 		// Apply the SNAT rules
-		err := nftables.ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, serviceUUID, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDRs, vip.IsIPv6(vipIP))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error performing netlink nftables [%s]", err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Use the internal egress implementation
-	if internalEgress != "" {
-		// Create an array of CIDRs that we wont SNAT to.
-		ignoreCIDRs := []string{
-			podCidr,
-			serviceCidr,
-		}
-
-		// Ad anny specifically denied networks
-		if deniedNetworks != "" {
-			networks := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(deniedNetworks), ",") //Remove whitespace characters and then create an array from the CIDRs
-			ignoreCIDRs = append(ignoreCIDRs, networks...)
-
-		}
-
-		// Apply the SNAT rules
-		err := nftables.ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, serviceUUID, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDRs, vip.IsIPv6(vipIP))
+		err := nftables.ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, serviceUUID, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDRs, allowCIDRs, utils.IsIPv6(vipIP))
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error performing netlink nftables [%s]", err)
 		}
@@ -314,9 +276,9 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 		}
 	}
 
-	mask := "/32"
-	if !vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
-		mask = "/128"
+	mask := fmt.Sprintf("/%d", vip.DefaultMaskIPv4)
+	if !utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+		mask = fmt.Sprintf("/%d", vip.DefaultMaskIPv6)
 	}
 
 	if allowedNetworks != "" {
@@ -376,12 +338,12 @@ func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string,
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *Processor) AutoDiscoverCIDRs() (serviceCIDR, podCIDR string, err error) {
+func (p *Processor) AutoDiscoverCIDRs(ctx context.Context) (serviceCIDR, podCIDR string, err error) {
 	log.Debug("Trying to automatically discover Service and Pod CIDRs")
 	options := v1.ListOptions{
 		LabelSelector: "component=kube-controller-manager",
 	}
-	podList, err := p.clientSet.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(context.TODO(), options)
+	podList, err := p.clientSet.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(ctx, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("[Egress] Unable to get kube-controller-manager pod: %w", err)
 	}

pkg/services/leader.go

@@ -4,38 +4,25 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	log "log/slog"
 
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/election"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/metrics"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
 )
 
-var (
-	svcLocks map[string]*sync.Mutex
-)
-
-func init() {
-	svcLocks = make(map[string]*sync.Mutex)
-}
-
 // The StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
 func (p *Processor) StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx context.Context) error {
-	err := p.ServicesWatcher(ctx, p.StartServicesLeaderElection)
+	err := p.ServicesWatcher(ctx, NewCallback(p.StartServicesLeaderElection, true))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	for _, instance := range p.ServiceInstances {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				_ = cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
-			}
-			cluster.Stop()
-		}
+	if p.config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		p.routeMgr.Clear()
 	}
 
 	log.Info("Shutting down kube-Vip")
@@ -44,84 +31,159 @@ func (p *Processor) StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx context.Context) err
 }
 
 // The startServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
-func (p *Processor) StartServicesLeaderElection(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
-	serviceLease := fmt.Sprintf("kubevip-%s", service.Name)
-	log.Info("new leader election", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "lock_name", serviceLease, "host_id", p.config.NodeName)
-	// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-	// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-	lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-		LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      serviceLease,
-			Namespace: service.Namespace,
-		},
-		Client: p.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
-		LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-			Identity: p.config.NodeName,
-		},
-	}
-	childCtx, childCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer childCancel()
-
-	if _, ok := svcLocks[serviceLease]; !ok {
-		svcLocks[serviceLease] = new(sync.Mutex)
-	}
-
-	svcLocks[serviceLease].Lock()
-	defer svcLocks[serviceLease].Unlock()
-
-	svcCtx, err := p.getServiceContext(service.UID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get context for service %q with UID %q: %w", service.Name, service.UID, err)
-	}
+func (p *Processor) StartServicesLeaderElection(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, _ *sync.WaitGroup, _ bool) error {
 	if svcCtx == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get context for service %q with UID %q: nil context", service.Name, service.UID)
+		return fmt.Errorf("no context context for service %q with UID %q: nil context", service.Name, service.UID)
 	}
 
-	svcCtx.IsActive = true
+	leaseNamespace, serviceLease := lease.ServiceName(service)
+	id := lease.NewID(p.config.LeaderElectionType, leaseNamespace, serviceLease)
+	objectName := lease.ServiceNamespacedName(service)
 
-	// start the leader election code loop
-	leaderelection.RunOrDie(childCtx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-		Lock: lock,
-		// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-		// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-		// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-		// loop still running and another process could
-		// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-		// the stated goal of the lease.
-		ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-		LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(p.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-		RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(p.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-		RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(p.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-		Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-			OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-				// Mark this service as active (as we've started leading)
-				// we run this in background as it's blocking
-				if err := p.SyncServices(ctx, service); err != nil {
-					log.Error("service sync", "err", err)
-					childCancel()
-				}
-			},
-			OnStoppedLeading: func() {
-				// we can do cleanup here
-				log.Info("leadership lost", "service", service.Name, "leader", p.config.NodeName)
-				if svcCtx.IsActive {
-					if err := p.deleteService(service.UID); err != nil {
-						log.Error("service deletion", "err", err)
-					}
-				}
-				// Mark this service is inactive
-				svcCtx.IsActive = false
-			},
-			OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-				// we're notified when new leader elected
-				if identity == p.config.NodeName {
-					// I just got the lock
-					return
-				}
-				log.Info("new leader", "leader", identity)
-			},
-		},
+	svcLease := p.leaseMgr.Get(id)
+	if svcLease == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no existing lease found for service %q with UID %q", service.Name, service.UID)
+	}
+
+	isNew := svcLease.Add(objectName)
+
+	svcLease.Lock()
+
+	defer func() {
+		svcLease.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	// this service was already processed so we do not need to do anything
+	if !isNew && svcLease.Elected.Load() {
+		svcLease.Unlock()
+		log.Debug("this service was already handled, waiting for it to finish", "service", service.Name, "uid", service.UID)
+		// Wait for either the service context or lease context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-svcCtx.Ctx.Done():
+		case <-svcLease.Ctx.Done():
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	defer wg.Wait()
+
+	// Start a goroutine that will delete the lease when the service context is cancelled.
+	// This is important for proper cleanup when a service is deleted - it ensures that
+	// the lease context (svcLease.Ctx) gets cancelled, which causes RunOrDie to return.
+	// Without this, RunOrDie would continue running until leadership is naturally lost.
+	wg.Go(func() {
+		<-svcCtx.Ctx.Done()
+		p.leaseMgr.Delete(id, objectName)
 	})
-	log.Info("stopping leader election", "service", service.Name)
+
+	select {
+	case <-svcCtx.Ctx.Done():
+		return fmt.Errorf("service context cancelled before election start: %w", svcCtx.Ctx.Err())
+	case <-svcLease.Ctx.Done():
+		return fmt.Errorf("lease context cancelled before election start: %w", svcLease.Ctx.Err())
+	case <-svcCtx.EndpointsReady:
+	}
+
+	// this service is sharing lease with another service
+	if svcLease.Elected.Load() {
+		svcLease.Unlock()
+		// wait for leader election to start or context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-svcLease.Started:
+		case <-svcLease.Ctx.Done():
+			// Lease was cancelled (e.g., leader election ended), return immediately
+			// This allows the restart loop to create a fresh lease
+			log.Debug("lease context cancelled before leader election started", "service", service.Name, "uid", service.UID)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if err := p.onStartedLeading(svcCtx, service, &wg); err != nil {
+			log.Error("error on started leading", "error", err)
+		}
+
+		// Block until service context is cancelled
+		<-svcCtx.Ctx.Done()
+
+		if err := p.onStoppedLeading(svcLease, service); err != nil {
+			log.Error("error on stopped leading", "error", err)
+		}
+
+		// wait for leaderelection to be finished
+		<-svcLease.Ctx.Done()
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Info("new leader election", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "lock_name", serviceLease, "host_id", p.config.NodeName)
+
+	leaderCtx, leaderCancel := context.WithCancel(svcLease.Ctx)
+	svcCtx.LeaderCancel = leaderCancel
+
+	run := election.RunConfig{
+		Config:           p.config,
+		LeaseID:          id,
+		Mgr:              p.electionMgr,
+		LeaseAnnotations: map[string]string{},
+
+		OnStartedLeading: func(_ context.Context) {
+			svcLease.Elected.Store(true)
+			svcLease.Unlock()
+			close(svcLease.Started)
+			// Mark this service as active (as we've started leading)
+			// we run this in background as it's blocking
+			if err := p.onStartedLeading(svcCtx, service, &wg); err != nil {
+				leaderCancel()
+			}
+			metrics.LeaderTransitionsTotal.WithLabelValues(id.Name()).Inc()
+			metrics.IsLeader.WithLabelValues(p.config.NodeName, id.Name()).Set(1)
+		},
+		OnStoppedLeading: func() {
+			// we can do cleanup here
+			svcLease.Elected.Store(false)
+			log.Info("leadership lost", "service", service.Name, "uid", service.UID, "leader", p.config.NodeName)
+			if err := p.onStoppedLeading(svcLease, service); err != nil {
+				metrics.ServiceReconcileErrorsTotal.WithLabelValues(service.Namespace, service.Name, "delete_service").Inc()
+				leaderCancel()
+			}
+			metrics.IsLeader.WithLabelValues(p.config.NodeName, id.Name()).Set(0)
+			svcLease.Started = make(chan any)
+		},
+		OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
+			// we're notified when new leader elected
+			if identity == p.config.NodeName {
+				// I just got the lock
+				return
+			}
+			log.Info("new leader", "leader", identity, "service", service.Name, "uid", service.UID)
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := election.RunOrDie(leaderCtx, &run, p.config); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("services election failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("stopping leader election", "service", service.Name, "uid", service.UID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) onStartedLeading(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	// Mark this service as active (as we've started leading)
+	// we run this in background as it's blocking
+	err := p.SyncServices(svcCtx, service, wg, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("service sync", "uid", service.UID, "err", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) onStoppedLeading(svcLease *lease.Lease, service *v1.Service) error {
+	log.Debug("deleting service due to lost leadership", "uid", service.UID)
+	err := p.deleteService(svcLease.Ctx, service.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("service deletion", "err", err)
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }