Move this error to a warning

Signed-off-by: Dan Finneran <dan@thebsdbox.co.uk>
Merge pull request #1334 from kube-vip/dependabot/github_actions/anchore/sbom-action-0.20.10
2026-09-20 16:13:49 +08:00 · 2025-12-01 14:53:29 +00:00 · 2025-11-27 09:02:30 +00:00 · 2025-11-26 18:15:29 +00:00 · 2025-11-26 18:14:47 +00:00 · 2025-11-26 18:14:28 +00:00
112 changed files with 11594 additions and 4241 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/anchore-syft.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/anchore-syft.yml
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.ref_name }}
      - name: Anchore SBOM Action
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0.18.0
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0.20.10
        with:
          format: cyclonedx-json
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-pull-request.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-pull-request.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+name: For each PR
+on:
+  pull_request:
+jobs:
+  e2e-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: E2E tests
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        mode: ["arp", "rt", "bgp"]
+      fail-fast: true
+    steps:
+      - name: Get current date
+        id: date
+        run: echo "::set-output name=date::$(date +'%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M')"
+      - name: Ensure fs wont cause issues
+        run: sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - name: Build image locally
+        run: make dockerx86Local
+      - name: Run Manifest generation tests
+        run: make manifest-test
+      - name: Run ARP mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
+        run: E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests129-arp
+        if: matrix.mode== 'arp'
+      - name: Run RT mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
+        run: E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests129-rt
+        if: matrix.mode== 'rt'
+      - name: Get GoBGP binaries
+        run: make get-gobgp
+        if: matrix.mode== 'bgp'
+      - name: Run BGP mode tests v1.29.0 onwards
+        run: sudo -E PATH=$PATH DOCKER_API_VERSION=1.48 E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make e2e-tests129-bgp
+        if: matrix.mode== 'bgp'
+      - name: Change log directory permissions
+        run: sudo chmod -R 755 /tmp/kube-vip-test-${{ matrix.mode }}*
+        if: matrix.mode== 'bgp' && always()
+      - name: Save logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          name: e2e-test-logs-${{ matrix.mode }}-${{ steps.date.outputs.date }}
+          path: /tmp/kube-vip-test-${{ matrix.mode }}*
+        if: always()
+  service-e2e-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: E2E service tests
+    steps:
+      - name: Get current date
+        id: date
+        run: echo "::set-output name=date::$(date +'%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M')"
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - name: Build image with iptables
+        run: make dockerx86ActionIPTables
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: DOCKERTAG=action E2E_KEEP_LOGS=true make service-tests
+      - name: Save logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          name: services-test-logs-${{ steps.date.outputs.date }}
+          path: /tmp/kube-vip-service-tests*
+        if: always()
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: For each commit and PR
+name: For each commit
 on:
  push:
  pull_request:
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Init
        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
      - name: Install golangci-lint
-        run: curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(go env GOPATH)/bin v1.62.2
+        run: curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b $(go env GOPATH)/bin v1.64.8
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
      - name: All checks
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ jobs:
    name: Unit tests
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
      - name: Run tests
@@ -36,53 +36,19 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
      - name: Run tests
        run: make integration-tests
-  e2e-tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: E2E ARP tests
-    steps:
-      - name: Ensure fs wont cause issues
-        run: sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 &&  sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-      - name: Build image locally
-        run: make dockerx86Local
-      - name: Run Manifest generation tests
-        run: make manifest-test
-#      - name: Run Control plane tests
-#        run: make e2e-tests
-      - name: Run Control plane tests v1.29.0 onwards
-        run: make e2e-tests129
-  service-e2e-tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: E2E service tests
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-      - name: Build image with iptables
-        run: make dockerx86ActionIPTables
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: DOCKERTAG=action make service-tests
  image-vul-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    name: Image vulnerability scan
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Build image with iptables
        run: make dockerx86ActionIPTables
      - name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -38,16 +38,16 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
      
    - name: Install Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v6
      with:
        go-version-file: go.mod
        
    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
      with:
        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4

    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ jobs:
    #   make release

    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ jobs:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Generate Metadata
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5.9.0
+        id: metadata
+        with:
+          labels: |
+            org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://kube-vip.io/docs/
      - name: Build and push main branch
        id: docker_build
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
@@ -34,6 +40,7 @@ jobs:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.metadata.outputs.labels }}
          tags: >-
            plndr/kube-vip:${{ github.ref_name }},
            plndr/kube-vip:latest,
@@ -47,6 +54,7 @@ jobs:
          file: Dockerfile_iptables
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.metadata.outputs.labels }}
          tags: >-
            plndr/kube-vip-iptables:${{ github.ref_name }},
            plndr/kube-vip-iptables:latest,
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Added
+- SIGUSR1 signal handler for runtime configuration dumps (#1301)
+  - Send SIGUSR1 to kube-vip process to dump current configuration to stdout
+  - Configuration dump includes:
+    - Basic configuration (VIP, interface, port, namespace settings)
+    - BGP configuration (enabled status, AS number, router ID, peers)
+    - ARP/NDP configuration (enabled status, broadcast rate)
+    - Services configuration (enabled status, load balancer settings)
+    - Network interfaces status
+    - Leader election configuration (type, lease details)
+    - Runtime statistics (load balancer, Prometheus, health check settings)
+  - Output format: Human-readable plaintext via fmt.Printf()
+  - Thread-safe implementation using mutex protection
+  - Non-disruptive: Process continues running after configuration dump
+  - Added comprehensive unit tests for all dump methods
+  - Added E2E tests for signal handling
+
+### Changed
+- Updated signal handlers in manager_arp.go, manager_bgp.go, manager_wireguard.go, and manager_table.go to use switch statement pattern for handling multiple signals (SIGUSR1, SIGINT, SIGTERM)
+
+## [v1.0.1] - Previous Release
+
+### Previous changes
+- See git history for changes prior to CHANGELOG.md introduction
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental

-FROM golang:1.24.1-alpine3.20 as dev
+FROM golang:1.25.4-alpine3.22 as dev
 RUN apk add --no-cache git ca-certificates make
 RUN adduser -D appuser
 COPY . /src/
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:experimental

-FROM golang:1.24.1-alpine3.20 as dev
+FROM golang:1.25.4-alpine3.22 as dev
 RUN apk add --no-cache git make
 RUN adduser -D appuser
 COPY . /src/
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,id=gomod,target=/go/pkg/mod/cache \
    --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,id=goroot,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux make build

-FROM alpine:3.21.3
+FROM alpine:3.22.2
 # Update pkgs and add iptables
 RUN apk upgrade && \
    apk add --no-cache iptables iptables-legacy
--- a/54
+++ b/54
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ TARGET := kube-vip
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := $(TARGET)

 # These will be provided to the target
-VERSION := v0.8.10
+VERSION := v1.0.2

 BUILD := `git rev-parse HEAD`

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ TARGETOS=linux
 # Use linker flags to provide version/build settings to the target
 LDFLAGS=-ldflags "-s -w -X=main.Version=$(VERSION) -X=main.Build=$(BUILD) -extldflags -static"
 DOCKERTAG ?= $(VERSION)
-REPOSITORY ?= plndr
+REPOSITORY ?= docker.io/plndr

 .PHONY: all build clean install uninstall simplify check run e2e-tests

@@ -109,22 +109,22 @@ run: install
 manifests:
 	@make build
 	@mkdir -p ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-lb.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds-lb.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-ds.yaml
-	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --provider-config /etc/cloud-sa/cloud-sa.json > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-em-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-lb.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --controlplane --services > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-arp-ds-lb.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-ds.yaml
+	@./kube-vip manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster > ./docs/manifests/$(VERSION)/kube-vip-bgp-em-ds.yaml
 	@-rm ./kube-vip

 manifest-test: 
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --controlplane --services 
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer
-	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --enableLoadBalancer
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest pod --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --controlplane --services
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster --enableLoadBalancer
+	docker run $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --interface eth0 --vip 192.168.0.1 --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --bgp --leaderElection --controlplane --services --inCluster

 unit-tests:
 	go test ./...
@@ -133,10 +133,18 @@ integration-tests:
 	go test -tags=integration,e2e -v ./pkg/etcd

 e2e-tests:
-	E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e ./testing/e2e/etcd
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e ./testing/e2e/etcd

-e2e-tests129:
-	V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+e2e-tests129-arp:
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=arp V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+
+e2e-tests129-rt:
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=rt V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+
+e2e-tests129-bgp:
+	GOMAXPROCS=4 TEST_MODE=bgp V129=true K8S_IMAGE_PATH=kindest/node:v1.29.0 E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2/ginkgo --tags=e2e -v -p ./testing/e2e
+
+e2e-tests129: e2e-tests129-arp e2e-tests129-rt e2e-tests129-bgp

 service-tests:
 	E2E_IMAGE_PATH=$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) go run ./testing/services -Services -simple -deployments -leaderActive -leaderFailover -localDeploy -egress -egressIPv6 -dualStack
@@ -158,8 +166,14 @@ kind-quick:
 	kubectl create configmap --namespace kube-system kubevip --from-literal range-global=172.18.100.10-172.18.100.30
 	kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kube-vip/kube-vip-cloud-provider/main/manifest/kube-vip-cloud-controller.yaml
 	kind load docker-image --name kube-vip $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)
-	docker run --network host --rm $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --services --inCluster --arp --servicesElection --interface  eth0 | kubectl apply -f -
+	docker run --network host --rm $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) manifest daemonset --services --inCluster --image "$(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG)" --arp --servicesElection --interface  eth0 | kubectl apply -f -

 kind-reload:
-	kind load docker-image $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) --name kube-vip
+	kind load docker-image $(REPOSITORY)/$(TARGET):$(DOCKERTAG) --name services
 	kubectl rollout restart -n kube-system daemonset/kube-vip-ds
+
+get-gobgp:
+	mkdir -p bin
+	wget -nc --directory-prefix=bin https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/releases/download/v3.37.0/gobgp_3.37.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+	tar -xvzf bin/gobgp_3.37.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C bin
+
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ High Availability and Load-Balancing

 ![](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/raw/main/kube-vip.png)

-[![Build and publish main image regularly](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/actions/workflows/main.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/actions/workflows/main.yaml)
+[![Build and publish main image regularly](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/actions/workflows/main.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/actions/workflows/main.yaml) [![LFX Health Score](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Health%20Score&message=Healthy&color=A7F3D0&logo=linuxfoundation&logoColor=white&style=flat)](https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/kube-vip) [![LFX Active Contributors](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Active%20contributors%20(1Y)&message=212&color=0094FF&logo=linuxfoundation&logoColor=white&style=flat)](https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/kube-vip)

 ## Overview
 Kubernetes Virtual IP and Load-Balancer for both control plane and Kubernetes services
--- a/cmd/kube-vip-kubeadm.go
+++ b/cmd/kube-vip-kubeadm.go
@@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ var kubeKubeadmInit = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("generating CIDR", "err", err)
+				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}

-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -102,15 +102,15 @@ var kubeKubeadmJoin = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("generating CIDR", "err", err)
+				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}

-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
--- a/cmd/kube-vip-manifests.go
+++ b/cmd/kube-vip-manifests.go
@@ -7,20 +7,22 @@ import (

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )

 // manifests will eventually deprecate the kubeadm set of subcommands
 // manifests will be used to generate:
 // - Pod spec manifest, mainly used for a static pod (kubeadm)
 // - Daemonset manifest, mainly used to run kube-vip as a deamonset within Kubernetes (k3s/rke)
+// - RBAC manifest, used to generate the RBAC permissions for kube-vip

-// var inCluster bool
-var taint bool
+var taint, role, rolebinding bool

 func init() {
 	kubeManifest.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&inCluster, "inCluster", false, "Use the incluster token to authenticate to Kubernetes")
+	kubeManifest.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&image, "image", "ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip", "Define a hardcoded image with or without tag for the manifest")
 	kubeManifestDaemon.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&taint, "taint", false, "Taint the manifest for only running on control planes")
+	kubeManifestRbac.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&role, "role", false, "Generate only a Role inside the serviceNamespace access")
+	kubeManifestRbac.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rolebinding, "rolebinding", false, "Generate only a RoleBinding for namespaced access")

 	kubeManifest.AddCommand(kubeManifestPod)
 	kubeManifest.AddCommand(kubeManifestDaemon)
@@ -57,15 +59,15 @@ var kubeManifestPod = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("config parse", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}

-		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster)
+		cfg := kubevip.GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster)
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -90,15 +92,15 @@ var kubeManifestDaemon = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("config parse", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}

-		cfg := kubevip.GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, Release.Version, inCluster, taint)
+		cfg := kubevip.GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(&initConfig, image, Release.Version, inCluster, taint)
 		fmt.Println(cfg) // output manifest to stdout
 	},
 }
@@ -124,16 +126,26 @@ var kubeManifestRbac = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("generating CIDR", "err", err)
+				log.Error("generating VIPSubnet", "err", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
+		saCfg := kubevip.GenerateSA(&initConfig)
+		roleCfg := kubevip.GenerateRole(&initConfig, role)
+		if role {
+			rolebinding = true
+		}
+		roleBindingCfg := kubevip.GenerateRoleBinding(rolebinding, saCfg, roleCfg)

-		cfg := kubevip.GenerateSA()
-		b, _ := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
-		fmt.Println(string(b)) // output manifest to stdout
+		// Output the YAML manifests to stdout
+		fmt.Println("---") // Separator for YAML documents
+		fmt.Println(kubevip.TransformApplyObjectToManifest(saCfg))
+		fmt.Println("---") // Separator for YAML documents
+		fmt.Println(kubevip.TransformApplyObjectToManifest(roleCfg))
+		fmt.Println("---") // Separator for YAML documents
+		fmt.Println(kubevip.TransformApplyObjectToManifest(roleBindingCfg))
 	},
 }
--- a/cmd/kube-vip.go
+++ b/cmd/kube-vip.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -15,22 +16,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"

-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/equinixmetal"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/manager"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )

+// Is an option to set the image
+var image string
+
 // Is kube-vip running within cluster
 var inCluster bool

 // ConfigMap name within a Kubernetes cluster
 var configMap string

-// Provider Config
-var providerConfig string
-
 // Points to a kubernetes configuration file
 var kubeConfigPath string

@@ -56,16 +58,16 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.Interface, "interface", "", "Name of the interface to bind to")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ServicesInterface, "serviceInterface", "", "Name of the interface to bind to (for services)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.VIP, "vip", "", "The Virtual IP address")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.VIPSubnet, "vipSubnet", "", "The Virtual IP address subnet e.g. /32 /24 /8 etc..")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.VIPSubnet, "vipSubnet", "", "The Virtual IP address subnet e.g. /32 /24 /8 etc.. (Default to 32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.NodeName, "nodeName", "", "Name to be used for lease holder. Must be unique for each node/instance")

-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.VIPCIDR, "cidr", "", "The CIDR range for the virtual IP address. Default to 32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6") // todo: deprecate
-
+	// VIP flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.Address, "address", "", "an address (IP or DNS name) to use as a VIP")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint16Var(&initConfig.Port, "port", 6443, "Port for the VIP")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableARP, "arp", false, "Enable Arp for VIP changes")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableWireguard, "wireguard", false, "Enable Wireguard for services VIPs")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableRoutingTable, "table", false, "Enable Routing Table for services VIPs")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss, "preserveVipOnLeadershipLoss", false, "Preserve ARP VIP addresses on interface when leadership is lost (default: false for backward compatibility)")

 	// LoadBalancer flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableLoadBalancer, "enableLoadBalancer", false, "enable loadbalancing on the VIP with IPVS")
@@ -82,13 +84,6 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RenewDeadline, "leaseRenewDuration", 3, "Length of time (in seconds) a Kubernetes leader can attempt to renew its lease")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RetryPeriod, "leaseRetry", 1, "Length of time (in seconds) the LeaderElector clients should wait between tries of actions")

-	// Equinix Metal flags
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableMetal, "metal", false, "This will use the Equinix Metal API (requires the token ENV) to update the EIP <-> VIP")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.MetalAPIKey, "metalKey", "", "The API token for authenticating with the Equinix Metal API")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.MetalProject, "metalProject", "", "The name of project already created within Equinix Metal")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.MetalProjectID, "metalProjectID", "", "The ID of project already created within Equinix Metal")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ProviderConfig, "provider-config", "", "The path to a provider configuration")
-
 	// BGP flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableBGP, "bgp", false, "This will enable BGP support within kube-vip")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID, "bgpRouterID", "", "The routerID for the bgp server")
@@ -104,6 +99,11 @@ func init() {
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&initConfig.BGPPeers, "bgppeers", []string{}, "Comma separated BGP Peer, format: address:as:password:multihop")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.Annotations, "annotations", "", "Set Node annotations prefix for parsing")

+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.Enabled, "zebra", false, "This will enable Zebra support within kube-vip")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.URL, "zebraUrl", "unix:/var/run/frr/zserv.api", "Path to the unix domain socket for connecting to Zebra daemon")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint32Var(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.Version, "zebraVersion", 6, "Zebra API Version")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.BGPConfig.Zebra.SoftwareName, "zebraSoftwareName", "frr8.3", "Software Name for Zebra")
+
 	// Namespace for kube-vip
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&initConfig.Namespace, "namespace", "n", "kube-system", "The namespace for the configmap defined within the cluster")

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func init() {

 	// Routing Table flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RoutingTableID, "tableID", 198, "The routing table used for all table entries")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RoutingTableType, "tableType", 0, "The type of route that will be added to the routing table")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RoutingTableType, "tableType", unix.RTN_UNICAST, "The type of route that will be added to the routing table")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.RoutingProtocol, "routingProtocol", 248, "The routing protocol value used to create routes")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.CleanRoutingTable, "cleanRoutingTable", false, "Clean routing table of redundant routes on start")

@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@ func init() {

 	// Extended behaviour flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableServicesElection, "servicesElection", false, "Enable leader election per kubernetes service")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassOnly, "lbClassOnly", false, "Enable load balancing only for services with LoadBalancerClass \"kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class\"")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassName, "lbClassName", "kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class", "Name of load balancer class for kube-VIP, defaults to \"kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class\"")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassOnly, "lbClassOnly", false, fmt.Sprintf("Enable load balancing only for services with LoadBalancerClass %q", kubevip.LBClassName))
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassName, "lbClassName", kubevip.LBClassName, fmt.Sprintf("Name of load balancer class for kube-VIP, defaults to %q", kubevip.LBClassName))
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoadBalancerClassLegacyHandling, "lbClassNameLegacyHandling", true, "Use legacy LoadBalancer class name handling (e.g. accepting services both with empty and non-empty class)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableServiceSecurity, "onlyAllowTrafficServicePorts", false, "Only allow traffic to service ports, others will be dropped, defaults to false")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableNodeLabeling, "enableNodeLabeling", false, "Enable leader node labeling with \"kube-vip.io/has-ip=<VIP address>\", defaults to false")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableNodeLabeling, "enableNodeLabeling", false, fmt.Sprintf("Enable leader node labeling with %q, defaults to false", kubevip.HasIP))
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ServicesLeaseName, "servicesLeaseName", "plndr-svcs-lock", "Name of the lease that is used for leader election for services (in arp mode)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.DNSMode, "dnsMode", "first", "Name of the mode that DNS lookup will be performed (first, ipv4, ipv6, dual)")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.DisableServiceUpdates, "disableServiceUpdates", false, "If true, kube-vip will process services as usual, but will not update service's Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress slice")
-	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableEndpointSlices, "enableEndpointSlices", false, "If enabled, kube-vip will only advertise services, but will use EndpointSlices instead of endpoints to get IPs of Pods")
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.EnableEndpoints, "enableEndpoints", false, "If enabled, kube-vip will only advertise services, but will use the (deprecated since v1.33) endpoints for IP addresses")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&initConfig.LoInterfaceGlobalScope, "loInterfaceGlobalScope", false, "If true, kube-vip will set global scope when using the lo interface, otherwise a host scope will be used by default")
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&initConfig.HealthCheckPort, "healthCheckPort", 0, "If set to non-zero (> 1024), then this is the port that the healthcheck will listen on")

@@ -150,6 +150,9 @@ func init() {
 	// Kubernetes client specific flags
 	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.K8sConfigFile, "k8sConfigPath", "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf", "Path to the configuration file used with the Kubernetes client")

+	// Configuration file flag
+	kubeVipCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&initConfig.ConfigFile, "config-file", "", "Path to a JSON/YAML configuration file to load settings from")
+
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeKubeadm)
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeManifest)
 	kubeVipCmd.AddCommand(kubeVipManager)
@@ -192,13 +195,27 @@ var kubeVipService = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Start the Virtual IP / Load balancer as a service within a Kubernetes cluster",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { //nolint TODO

-		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded or flags
+		// Load configuration from file if specified (lowest priority)
+		if initConfig.ConfigFile != "" {
+			err := kubevip.MergeConfigFromFile(&initConfig, initConfig.ConfigFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("loading config file", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded from config file
 		err := kubevip.ParseEnvironment(&initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("parsing env", "err", err)
 			return
 		}

+		// Change RTN_UNSPEC to default type
+		if initConfig.RoutingProtocol == unix.RTN_UNSPEC {
+			initConfig.RoutingProtocol = unix.RTN_UNICAST
+		}
+
 		// Set the logging level for all subsequent functions
 		log.SetLogLoggerLevel(log.Level(initConfig.Logging))

@@ -214,8 +231,8 @@ var kubeVipService = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("generating CIDR", "err", err)
 				return
@@ -242,19 +259,33 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "manager",
 	Short: "Start the kube-vip manager",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { //nolint TODO
-		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded or flags
+		// Load configuration from file if specified (lowest priority)
+		if initConfig.ConfigFile != "" {
+			err := kubevip.MergeConfigFromFile(&initConfig, initConfig.ConfigFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("loading config file", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// parse environment variables, these will overwrite anything loaded from config file
 		err := kubevip.ParseEnvironment(&initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("parsing environment", "err", err)
 			return
 		}

+		// Change RTN_UNSPEC to default type
+		if initConfig.RoutingProtocol == unix.RTN_UNSPEC {
+			initConfig.RoutingProtocol = unix.RTN_UNICAST
+		}
+
 		// Set the logging level for all subsequent functions
 		log.SetLogLoggerLevel(log.Level(initConfig.Logging))

 		// Ensure there is an address to generate the CIDR from
-		if initConfig.VIPCIDR == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
-			initConfig.VIPCIDR, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address)
+		if initConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && initConfig.Address != "" {
+			initConfig.VIPSubnet, err = GenerateCidrRange(initConfig.Address, initConfig.DNSMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("No interface is specified for kube-vip to bind to")
 				return
@@ -298,12 +329,12 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 			return
 		}

-		if !initConfig.EnableARP && strings.Contains(initConfig.VIPCIDR, kubevip.Auto) {
+		if !initConfig.EnableARP && strings.Contains(initConfig.VIPSubnet, kubevip.Auto) {
 			log.Error("auto subnet discovery cannot be used outside ARP mode")
 			return
 		}

-		if strings.Contains(initConfig.VIPCIDR, kubevip.Auto) && initConfig.Address != "" {
+		if strings.Contains(initConfig.VIPSubnet, kubevip.Auto) && initConfig.Address != "" {
 			log.Error("auto subnet discovery cannot be used if VIP address was provided")
 			return
 		}
@@ -372,19 +403,6 @@ var kubeVipManager = &cobra.Command{
 			configMap = envConfigMap
 		}

-		// If Equinix Metal is enabled and there is a provider configuration passed
-		if initConfig.EnableMetal {
-			if providerConfig != "" {
-				providerAPI, providerProject, err := equinixmetal.GetPacketConfig(providerConfig)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error("retrieving equinix metal config", "err", err)
-					return
-				}
-				initConfig.MetalAPIKey = providerAPI
-				initConfig.MetalProject = providerProject
-			}
-		}
-
 		// Define the new service manager
 		mgr, err := manager.New(configMap, &initConfig)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -457,26 +475,37 @@ func servePrometheusHTTPServer(ctx context.Context, config PrometheusHTTPServerC
 	}
 }

-func GenerateCidrRange(address string) (string, error) {
+func GenerateCidrRange(address string, dnsMode string) (string, error) {
 	var cidrs []string

 	addresses := strings.Split(address, ",")
 	for _, a := range addresses {
 		ip := net.ParseIP(a)
 		if ip == nil {
-			ips, err := net.LookupIP(a)
+			// we probably are a DNS name
+			ips, err := utils.LookupHost(a, dnsMode)
 			if len(ips) == 0 || err != nil {
 				return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: %s from [%s], %v", a, address, err)
 			}
-			ip = ips[0]
-		}
-
-		if ip.To4() != nil {
-			cidrs = append(cidrs, "32")
+			for _, addr := range ips {
+				ip = net.ParseIP(addr)
+				if ip.To4() != nil {
+					cidrs = append(cidrs, "32")
+				} else {
+					cidrs = append(cidrs, "128")
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
-			cidrs = append(cidrs, "128")
+			if ip.To4() != nil {
+				cidrs = append(cidrs, "32")
+			} else {
+				cidrs = append(cidrs, "128")
+			}
 		}
 	}
-
+	// compact as DNS could have a lot of addresses
+	slices.Sort(cidrs)
+	cidrs = slices.Compact(cidrs)
+	slices.Reverse(cidrs)
 	return strings.Join(cidrs, ","), nil
 }
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,108 +1,121 @@
 module github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip

-go 1.23.2
+go 1.24.4

 require (
-	github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.10.3
+	github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
 	github.com/florianl/go-conntrack v0.4.0
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
-	github.com/gookit/slog v0.5.7
+	github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.20.6
+	github.com/google/nftables v0.3.0
+	github.com/gookit/slog v0.6.0
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.3.0
 	github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp v0.0.0-20241224095048-b56fa0d5f25d
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0
 	github.com/mdlayher/ndp v1.1.0
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.22.2
-	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.2
-	github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3 v3.35.0
-	github.com/packethost/packngo v0.31.0
+	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.27.2
+	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.38.2
+	github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3 v3.37.0
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.21.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.18
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.18
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.18
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.6
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.6.6
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.6.6
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250103183323-7d7fa50e5329
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
-	k8s.io/api v0.32.1
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.1
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.1
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10
+	k8s.io/api v0.34.2
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.34.2
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.34.1
 	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1
-	sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.27.0
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.30.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0
 )

 require (
 	al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/channels v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.2 // indirect
 	github.com/evanphx/json-patch/v5 v5.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.9 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20241210010833-40e02aabc2ad // indirect
-	github.com/google/safetext v0.0.0-20240722112252-5a72de7e7962 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250403155104-27863c87afa6 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/color v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/goutil v0.6.18 // indirect
-	github.com/gookit/gsr v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/color v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/goutil v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gookit/gsr v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/k-sone/critbitgo v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/packet v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
-	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.3-0.20250322232337-35a7c28c31ee // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/pborman/uuid v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.22 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.9 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.19.0 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tj/go-spin v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -113,25 +126,33 @@ require (
 	github.com/xlab/c-for-go v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/xlab/pkgconfig v0.0.0-20170226114623-cea12a0fd245 // indirect
 	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.61.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.37.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.36.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.69.2 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20241212222426-2c72e554b1e7 // indirect
-	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20250710124328-f3f2b991d03b // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20250604170112-4c0f3b243397 // indirect
 	modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 // indirect
@@ -139,5 +160,6 @@ require (
 	modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/token v1.1.0 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241014173422-cfa47c3a1cc8 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.0 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
 al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1 h1:86HrALUujYS/h+GtqoB26SBEdkWfmMI6FubjXlsXyho=
 al.essio.dev/pkg/shellescape v1.5.1/go.mod h1:6sIqp7X2P6mThCQ7twERpZTuigpr6KbZWtls1U8I890=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.4.1/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 h1:Zog+i5UMtVoCU8oKka5P7i9q9HgrJeGzI9SA1Xbatp0=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2 h1:rIfFVxEf1QsI7E1ZHfp/B4DF/6QBAUhmgkxc0H7Zss8=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.5.0/go.mod h1:4tRaxcgiL706VnOzHOdBlY8IEAIdxINsQBcU4xJJXRs=
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.7.0/go.mod h1:/oI2+1shJiTGAMgl6/RgJr36Eo1jzrRcAWbcXO2usCA=
-github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.10.3 h1:YFhvFFRzRxV1A1+RBa28AoC0XS4cg1QSmxBr4xb2pu4=
-github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.10.3/go.mod h1:XsbuKcQpqb3rpjYPtsFsM8BNZlgLw+Z0iC6RhocqDd8=
+github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0 h1:niLcbqfv8+RSYk+yI+jhiCIHobEdEhO++mcwCX0Znsw=
+github.com/cloudflare/ipvs v0.11.0/go.mod h1:XsbuKcQpqb3rpjYPtsFsM8BNZlgLw+Z0iC6RhocqDd8=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1/go.mod h1:irMmmIw/7yzSRPWryHsK7EYSg09caPQL03VsM8rvUec=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
@@ -23,20 +37,28 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da h1:aIftn67I1fkbMa512G+w+Pxci9hJPB8oMnkcP3iZF38=
 github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da/go.mod h1:SqUrOPUnsFjfmXRMNPybcSiG0BgUW2AuFH8PAnS2iTw=
+github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
+github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
 github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4 h1:rPYF9/LECdNymJufQKmri9gV604RvvABwgOA8un7yAo=
 github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
-github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0 h1:zHCHvJYTMh1N7xnV7zf1m1GPBF9Ad0Jk/whtQ1663qI=
-github.com/dnaeon/go-vcr v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4UdLID7HZT3taECzJs4YgbbH6PIGXB6W/sc5OLb6RQ=
+github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible h1:DBX0Y0zAjZbSrm1uzOkdr1onVghKaftjlSWt4AFexzM=
+github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0 h1:USnMq7hx7gwdVZq1L49hLXaFtUdTADjXGp+uj1Br63c=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0/go.mod h1:ov60Kzw0kKElRwhNs9UlUHAE/F9Fe6GLaXnqyDdmEXc=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/eapache/channels v1.1.0 h1:F1taHcn7/F0i8DYqKXJnyhJcVpp2kgFcNePxXtnyu4k=
 github.com/eapache/channels v1.1.0/go.mod h1:jMm2qB5Ubtg9zLd+inMZd2/NUvXgzmWXsDaLyQIGfH0=
 github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 h1:YOEu7KNc61ntiQlcEeUIoDTJ2o8mQznoNvUhiigpIqc=
 github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6eCeP0CKFpHLu8blIFXhExK/dRa7WDZfr6jVFPTqq+I=
-github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.1 h1:PJMDIM/ak7btuL8Ex0iYET9hxM3CI2sjZtzpL63nKAU=
-github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.1/go.mod h1:6n3XBCmQQb25CM2LCACGz8ukIrRry+4bhvbpWn3mrbc=
+github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.2 h1:DhwDP0vY3k8ZzE0RunuJy8GhNpPL6zqLkDf9B/a0/xU=
+github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.12.2/go.mod h1:6n3XBCmQQb25CM2LCACGz8ukIrRry+4bhvbpWn3mrbc=
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@@ -44,10 +66,17 @@ github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHk
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@@ -112,6 +145,8 @@ github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0/go.mod h1:5DoeVV0s6jJacbCEi61lwdGj/aVlrQvzHFF
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@@ -129,8 +164,8 @@ github.com/k-sone/critbitgo v1.4.0 h1:l71cTyBGeh6X5ATh6Fibgw3+rtNT80BA0uNNWgkPrb
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@@ -144,6 +179,8 @@ github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 h1:nWcCbLq1N2v/cpNsy5WvQ37Fb+YElfq20WJ/a
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@@ -164,8 +201,8 @@ github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.3.0/go.mod h1:xK/BssKuwcRXHrtN04UBkwQ6dY9VviGGuri
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@@ -173,30 +210,42 @@ github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.0.0-20211007213009-516dcbdf0267/go.mod h1:nFZ1EtZY
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 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
@@ -273,42 +326,55 @@ github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e/go.mod h1:RbqR21r5mrJu
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
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@@ -329,16 +395,16 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210928044308-7d9f5e0b762b/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qx
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211020060615-d418f374d309/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
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-golang.org/x/net v0.36.0 h1:vWF2fRbw4qslQsQzgFqZff+BItCvGFQqKzKIzx1rmoA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.36.0/go.mod h1:bFmbeoIPfrw4sMHNhb4J9f6+tPziuGjq7Jk/38fxi1I=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.25.0 h1:CY4y7XT9v0cRI9oupztF8AgiIu99L/ksR/Xp/6jrZ70=
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@@ -369,16 +435,16 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
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@@ -387,8 +453,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roY
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-golang.org/x/tools v0.28.0/go.mod h1:dcIOrVd3mfQKTgrDVQHqCPMWy6lnhfhtX3hLXYVLfRw=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 h1:Hx2Xv8hISq8Lm16jvBZ2VQf+RLmbd7wVUsALibYI/IQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0/go.mod h1:yEsQ/d/YK8cjh0L6rZlY8tgtlKiBNTL14pGDJPJpYQs=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -397,14 +463,16 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 h1:/jFs0duh4rdb8uI
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173/go.mod h1:tkCQ4FQXmpAgYVh++1cq16/dH4QJtmvpRv19DWGAHSA=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10 h1:3GDAcqdIg1ozBNLgPy4SLT84nfcBjr6rhGtXYtrkWLU=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10/go.mod h1:T97yPqesLiNrOYxkwmhMI0ZIlJDm+p0PMR8eRVeR5tQ=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d h1:H8tOf8XM88HvKqLTxe755haY6r1fqqzLbEnfrmLXlSA=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d/go.mod h1:2v7Z7gP2ZUOGsaFyxATQSRoBnKygqVq2Cwnvom7QiqY=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d h1:xJJRGY7TJcvIlpSrN3K6LAWgNFUILlO+OMAqtg9aqnw=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250102185135-69823020774d/go.mod h1:3ENsm/5D1mzDyhpzeRi1NR784I0BcofWBoSc5QqqMK4=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.69.2 h1:U3S9QEtbXC0bYNvRtcoklF3xGtLViumSYxWykJS+7AU=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.69.2/go.mod h1:vyjdE6jLBI76dgpDojsFGNaHlxdjXN9ghpnd2o7JGZ4=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 h1:tPhr+woSbjfYvY6/GPufUoYizxw1cF/yFoxJ2fmpwlM=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 h1:mepRgnBZa07I4TRuomDE4sTIYieg/osKmzIf4USdWS4=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8/go.mod h1:fDMmzKV90WSg1NbozdqrE64fkuTv6mlq2zxo9ad+3yo=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 h1:M1rk8KBnUsBDg1oPGHNCxG4vc1f49epmTO7xscSajMk=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8/go.mod h1:7i2o+ce6H/6BluujYR+kqX3GKH+dChPTQU19wjRPiGk=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0 h1:wVVY6/8cGA6vvffn+wWK5ToddbgdU3d8MNENr4evgXM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0/go.mod h1:z0BY1iVj0q8E1uSQCjL9cppRj+gnZjzDnzV0dHhrNig=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
@@ -414,7 +482,6 @@ gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 h1:73M5CoZyi3ZLMOyDlQh031Cx6N9NDJ2Vvfl76EDAgDc=
 gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1/go.mod h1:cWUDdTG/fYaXco+Dcufb5Vnc6Gp2YChqWtbxRZE0mXw=
 gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 h1:Dgnx+6+nfE+IfzjUEISNeydPJh9AXNNsWbGP9KzCsOA=
 gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0/go.mod h1:pNLf8WUiyNEtQjuu5G5vTm06TEv9tsIgeAvK8hOrP4k=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
@@ -424,18 +491,18 @@ gotest.tools/v3 v3.4.0 h1:ZazjZUfuVeZGLAmlKKuyv3IKP5orXcwtOwDQH6YVr6o=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.4.0/go.mod h1:CtbdzLSsqVhDgMtKsx03ird5YTGB3ar27v0u/yKBW5g=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.2.1/go.mod h1:lPVVZ2BS5TfnjLyizF7o7hv7j9/L+8cZY2hLyjP9cGY=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.2.2/go.mod h1:lPVVZ2BS5TfnjLyizF7o7hv7j9/L+8cZY2hLyjP9cGY=
-k8s.io/api v0.32.1 h1:f562zw9cy+GvXzXf0CKlVQ7yHJVYzLfL6JAS4kOAaOc=
-k8s.io/api v0.32.1/go.mod h1:/Yi/BqkuueW1BgpoePYBRdDYfjPF5sgTr5+YqDZra5k=
-k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.1 h1:683ENpaCBjma4CYqsmZyhEzrGz6cjn1MY/X2jB2hkZs=
-k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.1/go.mod h1:GpHVgxoKlTxClKcteaeuF1Ul/lDVb74KpZcxcmLDElE=
-k8s.io/client-go v0.32.1 h1:otM0AxdhdBIaQh7l1Q0jQpmo7WOFIk5FFa4bg6YMdUU=
-k8s.io/client-go v0.32.1/go.mod h1:aTTKZY7MdxUaJ/KiUs8D+GssR9zJZi77ZqtzcGXIiDg=
+k8s.io/api v0.34.2 h1:fsSUNZhV+bnL6Aqrp6O7lMTy6o5x2C4XLjnh//8SLYY=
+k8s.io/api v0.34.2/go.mod h1:MMBPaWlED2a8w4RSeanD76f7opUoypY8TFYkSM+3XHw=
+k8s.io/apimachinery v0.34.2 h1:zQ12Uk3eMHPxrsbUJgNF8bTauTVR2WgqJsTmwTE/NW4=
+k8s.io/apimachinery v0.34.2/go.mod h1:/GwIlEcWuTX9zKIg2mbw0LRFIsXwrfoVxn+ef0X13lw=
+k8s.io/client-go v0.34.1 h1:ZUPJKgXsnKwVwmKKdPfw4tB58+7/Ik3CrjOEhsiZ7mY=
+k8s.io/client-go v0.34.1/go.mod h1:kA8v0FP+tk6sZA0yKLRG67LWjqufAoSHA2xVGKw9Of8=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1 h1:n9Xl7H1Xvksem4KFG4PYbdQCQxqc/tTUyrgXaOhHSzk=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1/go.mod h1:3Jpz1GvMt720eyJH1ckRHK1EDfpxISzJ7I9OYgaDtPE=
-k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20241212222426-2c72e554b1e7 h1:hcha5B1kVACrLujCKLbr8XWMxCxzQx42DY8QKYJrDLg=
-k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20241212222426-2c72e554b1e7/go.mod h1:GewRfANuJ70iYzvn+i4lezLDAFzvjxZYK1gn1lWcfas=
-k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758 h1:sdbE21q2nlQtFh65saZY+rRM6x6aJJI8IUa1AmH/qa0=
-k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758/go.mod h1:OLgZIPagt7ERELqWJFomSt595RzquPNLL48iOWgYOg0=
+k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20250710124328-f3f2b991d03b h1:MloQ9/bdJyIu9lb1PzujOPolHyvO06MXG5TUIj2mNAA=
+k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20250710124328-f3f2b991d03b/go.mod h1:UZ2yyWbFTpuhSbFhv24aGNOdoRdJZgsIObGBUaYVsts=
+k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20250604170112-4c0f3b243397 h1:hwvWFiBzdWw1FhfY1FooPn3kzWuJ8tmbZBHi4zVsl1Y=
+k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20250604170112-4c0f3b243397/go.mod h1:OLgZIPagt7ERELqWJFomSt595RzquPNLL48iOWgYOg0=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4 h1:TFkx1s6dCkQpd6dKurBNmpo+G8Zl4Sq/ztJ+2+DEsh0=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
 modernc.org/ccorpus2 v1.5.2 h1:Ui+4tc58mf/W+2arcYCJR903y3zl3ecsI7Fpaaqozyw=
@@ -454,9 +521,11 @@ pgregory.net/rapid v1.1.0 h1:CMa0sjHSru3puNx+J0MIAuiiEV4N0qj8/cMWGBBCsjw=
 pgregory.net/rapid v1.1.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
 sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241014173422-cfa47c3a1cc8 h1:gBQPwqORJ8d8/YNZWEjoZs7npUVDpVXUUOFfW6CgAqE=
 sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241014173422-cfa47c3a1cc8/go.mod h1:mdzfpAEoE6DHQEN0uh9ZbOCuHbLK5wOm7dK4ctXE9Tg=
-sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.27.0 h1:PQ3f0iAWNIj66LYkZ1ivhEg/+Zb6UPMbO+qVei/INZA=
-sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.27.0/go.mod h1:RZVFmy6qcwlSWwp6xeIUv7kXCPF3i8MXsEXxW/J+gJY=
-sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.5.0 h1:nbCitCK2hfnhyiKo6uf2HxUPTCodY6Qaf85SbDIaMBk=
-sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.5.0/go.mod h1:N8f93tFZh9U6vpxwRArLiikrE5/2tiu1w1AGfACIGE4=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 h1:Mk1wCc2gy/F0THH0TAp1QYyJNzRm2KCLy3o5ASXVI5E=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:Ejl7/uTz7PSA4eKMyQCUTnhZYNmLIl+5c2lQPGR2BPY=
+sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.30.0 h1:2Xi1KFEfSMm0XDcvKnUt15ZfgRPCT0OnCBbpgh8DztY=
+sigs.k8s.io/kind v0.30.0/go.mod h1:FSqriGaoTPruiXWfRnUXNykF8r2t+fHtK0P0m1AbGF8=
+sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 h1:JfjMILfT8A6RbawdsK2JXGBR5AQVfd+9TbzrlneTyrU=
+sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XeLlZ/jmk4i1HRopwe7/aU3H5n1zNUcX6TM94b3QxOY=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.0 h1:jTijUJbW353oVOd9oTlifJqOGEkUw2jB/fXCbTiQEco=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.3.0/go.mod h1:M3W8sfWvn2HhQDIbGWj3S099YozAsymCo/wrT5ohRUE=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 h1:G8fkbMSAFqgEFgh4b1wmtzDnioxFCUgTZhlbj5P9QYs=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:796bPqUfzR/0jLAl6XjHl3Ck7MiyVv8dbTdyT3/pMf4=
--- a/pkg/arp/arp.go
+++ b/pkg/arp/arp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+package arp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	instances sync.Map
+	config    *kubevip.Config
+}
+
+type Instance struct {
+	network vip.Network
+	ndp     *vip.NdpResponder
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	counter int
+}
+
+func NewManager(config *kubevip.Config) *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		config: config,
+	}
+}
+
+func NewInstance(network vip.Network, ndp *vip.NdpResponder) *Instance {
+	return &Instance{
+		ndp:     ndp,
+		network: network,
+		counter: 1,
+	}
+}
+
+func (i *Instance) Name() string {
+	return i.network.ARPName()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Insert(instance *Instance) {
+	i, err := m.get(instance.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to insert instance", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if i == nil {
+		log.Info("[ARP manager] inserting ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
+		m.instances.Store(instance.Name(), instance)
+	} else {
+		i.mu.Lock()
+		defer i.mu.Unlock()
+		i.counter++
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Remove(instance *Instance) {
+	m.RemoveWithIPDelete(instance, true)
+}
+
+// RemoveOnLeadershipLoss removes an ARP instance when leadership is lost
+func (m *Manager) RemoveOnLeadershipLoss(instance *Instance) {
+	// Use the inverse of PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss to decide whether to delete the IP
+	// If preserve is true, don't delete IP (deleteIP = false)
+	// If preserve is false, delete IP (deleteIP = true), This is the legacy behavior
+	deleteIP := !m.config.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss
+	m.RemoveWithIPDelete(instance, deleteIP)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) RemoveWithIPDelete(instance *Instance, deleteIP bool) {
+	i, err := m.get(instance.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to remove the instance", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if i != nil {
+		i.mu.Lock()
+		defer i.mu.Unlock()
+		if i.counter > 1 {
+			i.counter--
+		} else {
+			log.Info("[ARP manager] removing ARP/NDP instance", "name", instance.Name())
+			if deleteIP {
+				if _, err := instance.network.DeleteIP(); err != nil {
+					log.Error("failed to delete IP", "address", instance.network.IP(), "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+			m.instances.Delete(instance.Name())
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Warn("[ARP manager] unable to remove the instance - instance not found", "name", instance.Name())
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Count(name string) int {
+	i, err := m.get(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("[ARP manager] unable to count instance", "err", err)
+		return -1
+	}
+	if i != nil {
+		i.mu.Lock()
+		defer i.mu.Unlock()
+		return i.counter
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) StartAdvertisement(ctx context.Context) {
+	log.Info("[ARP manager] starting ARP/NDP advertisement")
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // if cancel() execute
+			return
+		default:
+			m.instances.Range(func(_ any, instance any) bool {
+				if i, ok := instance.(*Instance); ok {
+					if i.counter > 0 {
+						ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(i)
+					} else {
+						// this instance should not be advertised - delete the IP just in case...
+						if _, err := i.network.DeleteIP(); err != nil {
+							log.Error("[ARP manager] failed to delete IP", "address", i.network.IP(), "err", err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return true
+			})
+		}
+		if m.config.ArpBroadcastRate < 500 {
+			log.Warn("[ARP manager] arp broadcast rate is too low", "rate (ms)", m.config.ArpBroadcastRate, "setting to (ms)", "3000")
+			m.config.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Duration(m.config.ArpBroadcastRate) * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) get(name string) (*Instance, error) {
+	i, exists := m.instances.Load(name)
+	if !exists {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	inst, ok := i.(*Instance)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("value for name %q is not of Instance pointer type", name)
+	}
+	return inst, nil
+}
+
+// ensureIPAndSendGratuitous - adds IP to the interface if missing, and send
+// either a gratuitous ARP or gratuitous NDP. Re-adds the interface if it is IPv6
+// and in a dadfailed state.
+func ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(instance *Instance) {
+	iface := instance.network.Interface()
+	ipString := instance.network.IP()
+
+	// Check if IP is dadfailed
+	if instance.network.IsDADFAIL() {
+		log.Warn("IP address is in dadfailed state, removing config", "ip", ipString, "interface", iface)
+		deleted, err := instance.network.DeleteIP()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn(err.Error())
+		}
+		if deleted {
+			log.Info("deleted and recreating address with NODAD flag to skip DAD", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
+			// Re-add immediately without DAD check since we're recovering from DADFAILED
+			// The AddIP function will set IFA_F_NODAD flag for IPv6 addresses when skipDAD=true
+			if _, err := instance.network.AddIP(false, true); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to recreate address after DADFAILED", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface, "err", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Info("successfully recreated address after DADFAILED recovery", "IP", ipString, "interface", iface)
+			}
+		}
+		// Return early after DADFAILED recovery to avoid double IP addition
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Normal case: add IP with precheck and normal DAD process
+	if added, err := instance.network.AddIP(true, false); err != nil {
+		log.Warn(err.Error())
+	} else if added {
+		log.Warn("Re-applied the VIP configuration", "ip", ipString, "interface", iface)
+	}
+
+	if utils.IsIPv6(ipString) {
+		// Gratuitous NDP, will broadcast new MAC <-> IPv6 address
+		if instance.ndp == nil {
+			log.Error("NDP responder was not created")
+		} else {
+			err := instance.ndp.SendGratuitous(ipString)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		// Gratuitous ARP, will broadcast to new MAC <-> IPv4 address
+		err := vip.ARPSendGratuitous(ipString, iface)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn(err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/backend/backend.go
+++ b/pkg/backend/backend.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 )
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ func (e *Entry) Check() bool {
 	// homeConfigPath := filepath.Join(os.Getenv("HOME"), ".kube", "config")

 	var k8sAddr string
-	if vip.IsIPv4(e.Addr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(e.Addr) {
 		k8sAddr = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%v", e.Addr, e.Port)
 	} else {
 		k8sAddr = fmt.Sprintf("[%s]:%v", e.Addr, e.Port)
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ func (e *Entry) Check() bool {
 	switch {
 	case utils.FileExists(adminConfigPath):
 		config, err = k8s.NewRestConfig(adminConfigPath, false, k8sAddr)
-		// client, err = k8s.NewClientset(adminConfigPath, false, k8sAddr)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("create k8s REST config", "path", adminConfigPath, "err", err)
 			return false
--- a/pkg/bgp/peers.go
+++ b/pkg/bgp/peers.go
@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"

 	//nolint
-	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/anypb"
 )

 // AddPeer will add peers to the BGP configuration
-func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
+func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer kubevip.BGPPeer) (err error) {
 	p := &api.Peer{
 		Conf: &api.PeerConf{
 			NeighborAddress: peer.Address,
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 			},
 		}

-		peer.setMpbgpOptions(b.c)
+		peer.SetMpbgpOptions(b.c)

-		ipv4Address, ipv6Address, err := peer.findMpbgpAddresses(p, b.c)
+		ipv4Address, ipv6Address, err := peer.FindMpbgpAddresses(p, b.c)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get MP-BGP addresses: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func (b *Server) AddPeer(peer Peer) (err error) {
 		mask := "128"
 		address := ipv4Address
 		family := api.Family_AFI_IP
-		if vip.IsIPv4(p.Conf.NeighborAddress) {
+		if utils.IsIPv4(p.Conf.NeighborAddress) {
 			mask = "32"
 			address = ipv6Address
 			family = api.Family_AFI_IP6
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (b *Server) getPath(ip net.IP) (path *api.Path) {
 				Safi: api.Family_SAFI_UNICAST,
 			},
 			Nlri:   nlri,
-			Pattrs: []*any.Any{originAttr, nhAttr},
+			Pattrs: []*anypb.Any{originAttr, nhAttr},
 		}
 	} else {
 		//nolint
@@ -160,116 +160,18 @@ func (b *Server) getPath(ip net.IP) (path *api.Path) {
 		mpAttr, _ := anypb.New(&api.MpReachNLRIAttribute{
 			Family:   v6Family,
 			NextHops: []string{"::"}, // gobgp will fill this
-			Nlris:    []*any.Any{nlri},
+			Nlris:    []*anypb.Any{nlri},
 		})

 		path = &api.Path{
 			Family: v6Family,
 			Nlri:   nlri,
-			Pattrs: []*any.Any{originAttr, mpAttr},
+			Pattrs: []*anypb.Any{originAttr, mpAttr},
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }

-// ParseBGPPeerConfig - take a string and parses it into an array of peers
-func ParseBGPPeerConfig(config string) (bgpPeers []Peer, err error) {
-	peers := strings.Split(config, ",")
-	if len(peers) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no BGP Peer configurations found")
-	}
-
-	for x := range peers {
-		peerStr := peers[x]
-		config := strings.Split(peerStr, "/")
-		peerStr = config[0]
-		if peerStr == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		isV6Peer := peerStr[0] == '['
-
-		address := ""
-		if isV6Peer {
-			addressEndPos := strings.IndexByte(peerStr, ']')
-			if addressEndPos == -1 {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("no matching ] found for IPv6 BGP Peer")
-			}
-			address = peerStr[1:addressEndPos]
-			peerStr = peerStr[addressEndPos+1:]
-		}
-
-		peer := strings.Split(peerStr, ":")
-		if len(peer) < 2 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mandatory peering params <host>:<AS> incomplete")
-		}
-
-		if !isV6Peer {
-			address = peer[0]
-		}
-
-		ASNumber, err := strconv.ParseUint(peer[1], 10, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
-		}
-
-		password := ""
-		if len(peer) >= 3 {
-			password = peer[2]
-		}
-
-		multiHop := false
-		if len(peer) >= 4 {
-			multiHop, err = strconv.ParseBool(peer[3])
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP MultiHop format error (true/false) [%s]", peer[1])
-			}
-		}
-
-		var port uint64
-		if len(peer) >= 5 {
-			port, err = strconv.ParseUint(peer[4], 10, 16)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
-			}
-		} else {
-			port = 179
-		}
-
-		var mpbgpNexthop, mpbgpIPv4, mpbgpIPv6 string
-
-		if len(config) > 1 {
-			configData := strings.Split(config[1], ";")
-			for _, cfg := range configData {
-				c := strings.Split(cfg, "=")
-				switch c[0] {
-				case "mpbgp_nexthop":
-					mpbgpNexthop = c[1]
-				case "mpbgp_ipv4":
-					mpbgpIPv4 = c[1]
-				case "mpbgp_ipv6":
-					mpbgpIPv6 = c[1]
-				default:
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("peer configuration parameter '%s' is not supported", c[0])
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		peerConfig := Peer{
-			Address:      address,
-			AS:           uint32(ASNumber),
-			Port:         uint16(port),
-			Password:     password,
-			MultiHop:     multiHop,
-			MpbgpNexthop: mpbgpNexthop,
-			MpbgpIPv4:    mpbgpIPv4,
-			MpbgpIPv6:    mpbgpIPv6,
-		}
-
-		bgpPeers = append(bgpPeers, peerConfig)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 func insertPolicy(s *server.BgpServer, address string, p *api.Peer, family api.Family_Afi) error {
 	familyType := "v4"
 	if family == api.Family_AFI_IP6 {
--- a/pkg/bgp/peers_test.go
+++ b/pkg/bgp/peers_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package bgp
 import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 )

 func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
@@ -12,13 +14,13 @@ func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name         string
 		args         args
-		wantBgpPeers []Peer
+		wantBgpPeers []kubevip.BGPPeer
 		wantErr      bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "IPv4, default port",
 			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false,192.168.0.11:65000::false"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
+			wantBgpPeers: []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
 				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 179, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
 			},
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "IPv4, different port",
 			args: args{config: "192.168.0.10:65000::false:180,192.168.0.11:65000::false:190"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
+			wantBgpPeers: []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 				{Address: "192.168.0.10", Port: 180, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
 				{Address: "192.168.0.11", Port: 190, AS: 65000, MultiHop: false},
 			},
@@ -34,14 +36,14 @@ func TestParseBGPPeerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "IPv6, multi-protocol",
 			args: args{config: "[fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52]:65501::false/mpbgp_nexthop=auto_sourceif"},
-			wantBgpPeers: []Peer{
+			wantBgpPeers: []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 				{Address: "fd00:1111:2222:3333:c7d9:7235:6bf7:5d52", Port: 179, AS: 65501, MultiHop: false, MpbgpNexthop: "auto_sourceif"},
 			},
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			gotBgpPeers, err := ParseBGPPeerConfig(tt.args.config)
+			gotBgpPeers, err := kubevip.ParseBGPPeerConfig(tt.args.config)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
 				t.Errorf("ParseBGPPeerConfig() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 				return
--- a/pkg/bgp/server.go
+++ b/pkg/bgp/server.go
@@ -7,12 +7,24 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
 	gobgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )

+// Server manages a server object
+type Server struct {
+	s *gobgp.BgpServer
+	c *kubevip.BGPConfig
+
+	// This is a prometheus gauge indicating the state of the sessions.
+	// 1 means "ESTABLISHED", 0 means "NOT ESTABLISHED"
+	BGPSessionInfoGauge *prometheus.GaugeVec
+}
+
 // NewBGPServer takes a configuration and returns a running BGP server instance
-func NewBGPServer(c *Config, peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent)) (b *Server, err error) {
+func NewBGPServer(c kubevip.BGPConfig) (b *Server, err error) {
 	if c.AS == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("you need to provide AS")
 	}
@@ -27,14 +39,26 @@ func NewBGPServer(c *Config, peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventRespons

 	b = &Server{
 		s: gobgp.NewBgpServer(),
-		c: c,
+		c: &c,
+
+		BGPSessionInfoGauge: prometheus.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+			Namespace: "kube_vip",
+			Subsystem: "manager",
+			Name:      "bgp_session_info",
+			Help:      "Display state of session by setting metric for label value with current state to 1",
+		}, []string{"state", "peer"}),
 	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Start starts the BGP server
+func (b *Server) Start(peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent)) (err error) {
 	go b.s.Serve()

 	if err = b.s.StartBgp(context.Background(), &api.StartBgpRequest{
 		Global: &api.Global{
-			Asn:        c.AS,
-			RouterId:   c.RouterID,
+			Asn:        b.c.AS,
+			RouterId:   b.c.RouterID,
 			ListenPort: -1,
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -52,12 +76,23 @@ func NewBGPServer(c *Config, peerStateChangeCallback func(*api.WatchEventRespons
 		return
 	}

-	for _, p := range c.Peers {
+	for _, p := range b.c.Peers {
 		if err = b.AddPeer(p); err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}

+	if b.c.Zebra.Enabled {
+		if err = b.s.EnableZebra(context.Background(), &api.EnableZebraRequest{
+			Url:          b.c.Zebra.URL,
+			Version:      b.c.Zebra.Version,
+			SoftwareName: b.c.Zebra.SoftwareName,
+		}); err != nil {
+			log.Error(err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	return
 }

--- a/pkg/bgp/types.go
+++ b/pkg/bgp/types.go
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-package bgp
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	gobgp "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-)
-
-// Peer defines a BGP Peer
-type Peer struct {
-	Address      string
-	Port         uint16
-	AS           uint32
-	Password     string
-	MultiHop     bool
-	MpbgpNexthop string
-	MpbgpIPv4    string
-	MpbgpIPv6    string
-}
-
-func (p *Peer) setMpbgpOptions(server *Config) {
-	if p.MpbgpNexthop == "" {
-		p.MpbgpNexthop = server.MpbgpNexthop
-	}
-
-	if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" {
-		p.MpbgpIPv4 = server.MpbgpIPv4
-	}
-
-	if p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
-		p.MpbgpIPv6 = server.MpbgpIPv6
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Peer) findMpbgpAddresses(ap *api.Peer, server *Config) (string, string, error) {
-	var ipv4Address, ipv6Address string
-	switch p.MpbgpNexthop {
-	case "fixed":
-		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
-		if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" && p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("to use MP-BGP with fixed address at least one IPv4 or IPv6 address has to be provided [current - IPv4: %s, IPv6: %s]",
-				p.MpbgpIPv4, p.MpbgpIPv6)
-		}
-
-		if p.MpbgpIPv4 != "" {
-			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv4) == nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv4 address", p.MpbgpIPv4)
-			}
-		}
-		if p.MpbgpIPv6 != "" {
-			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv6) == nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv6 address", p.MpbgpIPv6)
-			}
-		}
-
-		ipv4Address = p.MpbgpIPv4
-		ipv6Address = p.MpbgpIPv6
-	case "auto_sourceip":
-		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
-
-		// Resolve the local interface by SourceIP
-		iface, err := vip.GetInterfaceByIP(server.SourceIP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by IP: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if vip.IsIPv4(server.SourceIP) {
-			// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
-			ipv6Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
-			ipv4Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	case "auto_sourceif":
-		ap.Transport.BindInterface = server.SourceIF
-
-		iface, err := netlink.LinkByName(server.SourceIF)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by name: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
-		ipv4Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
-		ipv6Address, err = vip.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
-		}
-	default:
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("option %s for MP-BPG nexthop is not supported", server.MpbgpNexthop)
-	}
-
-	return ipv4Address, ipv6Address, nil
-}
-
-// Config defines the BGP server configuration
-type Config struct {
-	AS           uint32
-	RouterID     string
-	SourceIP     string
-	SourceIF     string
-	MpbgpNexthop string
-	MpbgpIPv4    string
-	MpbgpIPv6    string
-
-	HoldTime          uint64
-	KeepaliveInterval uint64
-
-	Peers []Peer
-}
-
-// Server manages a server object
-type Server struct {
-	s *gobgp.BgpServer
-	c *Config
-}
--- a/pkg/cluster/cluster.go
+++ b/pkg/cluster/cluster.go
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )

@@ -15,16 +17,17 @@ type Cluster struct {
 	completed chan bool
 	once      sync.Once
 	Network   []vip.Network
+	arpMgr    *arp.Manager
 }

 // InitCluster - Will attempt to initialise all of the required settings for the cluster
-func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) (*Cluster, error) {
+func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager) (*Cluster, error) {
 	var networks []vip.Network
 	var err error

 	if !disableVIP {
 		// Start the Virtual IP Networking configuration
-		networks, err = startNetworking(c)
+		networks, err = startNetworking(c, intfMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -32,6 +35,7 @@ func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) (*Cluster, error) {
 	// Initialise the Cluster structure
 	newCluster := &Cluster{
 		Network: networks,
+		arpMgr:  arpMgr,
 	}

 	log.Debug("service security", "enabled", c.EnableServiceSecurity)
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ func InitCluster(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) (*Cluster, error) {
 	return newCluster, nil
 }

-func startNetworking(c *kubevip.Config) ([]vip.Network, error) {
+func startNetworking(c *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager) ([]vip.Network, error) {
 	address := c.VIP

 	if c.Address != "" {
@@ -51,7 +55,8 @@ func startNetworking(c *kubevip.Config) ([]vip.Network, error) {
 	networks := []vip.Network{}
 	for _, addr := range addresses {
 		network, err := vip.NewConfig(addr, c.Interface, c.LoInterfaceGlobalScope, c.VIPSubnet, c.DDNS, c.RoutingTableID,
-			c.RoutingTableType, c.RoutingProtocol, c.DNSMode, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.IptablesBackend, c.EnableLoadBalancer)
+			c.RoutingTableType, c.RoutingProtocol, c.DNSMode, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.IptablesBackend,
+			c.EnableLoadBalancer, c.EnableServiceSecurity, intfMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/pkg/cluster/clusterDDNS.go
+++ b/pkg/cluster/clusterDDNS.go
@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@ import (
 // during runtime if IP changes, startDDNS don't have to do reconfigure because
 // dnsUpdater already have the functionality to keep trying resolve the IP
 // and update the VIP configuration if it changes
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartDDNS(ctx context.Context) error {
-	for i := range cluster.Network {
-		ddnsMgr := vip.NewDDNSManager(ctx, cluster.Network[i])
-		ip, err := ddnsMgr.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err = cluster.Network[i].SetIP(ip); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartDDNS(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network) error {
+	ddnsMgr := vip.NewDDNSManager(ctx, network)
+	ip, err := ddnsMgr.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err = network.SetIP(ip); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/pkg/cluster/clusterLeaderElection.go
+++ b/pkg/cluster/clusterLeaderElection.go
@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/equinixmetal"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/etcd"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/loadbalancer"
-
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"

 	log "log/slog"

@@ -135,10 +133,13 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 	// (attempt to) Remove the virtual IP, in case it already exists

 	for i := range cluster.Network {
-		err = cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+		deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("could not delete virtualIP", "err", err)
 		}
+		if deleted {
+			log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+		}
 	}

 	// Defer a function to check if the bgpServer has been created and if so attempt to close it
@@ -148,42 +149,16 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 		}
 	}()

-	// If Equinix Metal is enabled then we can begin our preparation work
-	var packetClient *packngo.Client
-	if c.EnableMetal {
-		if c.ProviderConfig != "" {
-			key, project, err := equinixmetal.GetPacketConfig(c.ProviderConfig)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("retrieve Equinix metal config", "err", err)
-			} else {
-				// Set the environment variable with the key for the project
-				os.Setenv("PACKET_AUTH_TOKEN", key)
-				// Update the configuration with the project key
-				c.MetalProjectID = project
-			}
-		}
-		packetClient, err = packngo.NewClient()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("create Equinix metal client", "err", err)
-		}
-
-		// We're using Equinix Metal with BGP, populate the Peer information from the API
-		if c.EnableBGP {
-			log.Info("Looking up the BGP configuration from Equinix Metal")
-			err = equinixmetal.BGPLookup(packetClient, c)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("retrieve Equinix metal BPG config", "err", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	if c.EnableBGP && bgpServer == nil {
 		// Lets start BGP
 		log.Info("Starting the BGP server to advertise VIP routes to VGP peers")
-		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(&c.BGPConfig, nil)
+		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(c.BGPConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("new BGP server", "err", err)
 		}
+		if err := bgpServer.Start(nil); err != nil {
+			log.Error("starting BGP server", "err", err)
+		}
 	}

 	run := &runConfig{
@@ -191,8 +166,28 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 		leaseID: c.NodeName,
 		sm:      sm,
 		onStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) { //nolint TODO: potential clean code
+			// When we become leader, ensure we can take over VIPs even if they're preserved on other nodes
+			if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+				log.Info("Becoming leader with VIP preservation enabled - ensuring VIP takeover")
+				// Force add the VIPs (this will work even if they exist due to the precheck logic)
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					added, err := cluster.Network[i].AddIP(true, false)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error("failed to ensure VIP on leader takeover", "vip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+					} else if added {
+						log.Info("took over VIP as new leader", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+					} else {
+						log.Info("VIP already configured on interface", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Start ARP advertisements now that we have leadership
+			log.Info("Start ARP/NDP advertisement")
+			go cluster.arpMgr.StartAdvertisement(ctxArp)
+
 			// As we're leading lets start the vip service
-			err := cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgpServer, packetClient, cancel)
+			err := cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgpServer, cancel)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("starting VIP service on leader", "err", err)
 			}
@@ -214,10 +209,36 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 				}
 			}

-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Warn("delete VIP", "err", err)
+			// Handle VIP cleanup based on configuration
+			if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+				// For IPv6, we must remove VIPs immediately to avoid DAD failures on the new leader
+				// IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection will fail if the new leader tries to add an IP that is still present on this node's interface
+				// We need to check each VIP individually and only remove IPv6 VIPs
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					if utils.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
+						log.Info("Removing IPv6 VIP immediately (required to prevent DAD failures on new leader)", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+						deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Warn("delete VIP", "err", err)
+						}
+						if deleted {
+							log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+						}
+					} else {
+						log.Info("Preserving IPv4 VIP address on interface, only stopped ARP broadcasting", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Legacy behavior: delete VIP addresses on leadership loss
+				log.Info("Deleting VIP addresses on leadership loss (legacy behavior)")
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Warn("delete VIP", "err", err)
+					}
+					if deleted {
+						log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+					}
 				}
 			}

@@ -227,6 +248,23 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartCluster(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *
 		onNewLeader: func(identity string) {
 			// we're notified when new leader elected
 			log.Info("New leader", "leader", identity)
+
+			// If we're not the new leader and we have VIPs preserved from previous leadership,
+			// we need to clean them up to avoid conflicts.
+			if identity != c.NodeName && c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+				log.Info("Cleaning up preserved VIPs as another node became leader", "new_leader", identity)
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Warn("failed to cleanup preserved VIP", "vip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+					}
+					if deleted {
+						log.Info("cleaned up preserved VIP to avoid conflict", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "new_leader", identity)
+					} else {
+						log.Debug("VIP was not present on this node", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+					}
+				}
+			}
 		},
 	}

@@ -307,7 +345,7 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) runEtcdLeaderElectionOrDie(ctx context.Context, run *run
 	})
 }

-func (sm *Manager) NodeWatcher(lb *loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer, port uint16) error {
+func (sm *Manager) NodeWatcher(ctxArp context.Context, lb *loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer, port uint16) error {
 	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
 	log.Info("Kube-Vip is watching nodes for control-plane labels")

@@ -315,7 +353,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) NodeWatcher(lb *loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer, port uint16) e
 		LabelSelector: "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane",
 	}

-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcher("1", &cache.ListWatch{
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctxArp, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
 		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
 			return sm.RetryWatcherClient.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(context.Background(), listOptions)
 		},
--- a/pkg/cluster/service.go
+++ b/pkg/cluster/service.go
@@ -8,25 +8,26 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/backend"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/equinixmetal"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/loadbalancer"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 )

-func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server, packetClient *packngo.Client, cancelLeaderElection context.CancelFunc) error {
+func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgpServer *bgp.Server, cancelLeaderElection context.CancelFunc) error {
 	var err error

 	// listen for interrupts or the Linux SIGTERM signal and cancel
@@ -41,75 +42,53 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co

 	loadbalancers := []*loadbalancer.IPVSLoadBalancer{}

+	var arpWG sync.WaitGroup
+
 	for i := range cluster.Network {
-		if cluster.Network[i].IsDDNS() {
-			if err := cluster.StartDDNS(ctxDNS); err != nil {
-				log.Error(err.Error())
+		network := cluster.Network[i]
+
+		if network.IsDDNS() {
+			if err := cluster.StartDDNS(ctxDNS, cluster.Network[i]); err != nil {
+				log.Error("failed to start DDNS", "err", err)
 			}
 		}

+		if err := network.SetMask(c.VIPSubnet); err != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", c.VIPSubnet, "err", err)
+			panic("")
+		}
+
 		// start the dns updater if address is dns
-		if cluster.Network[i].IsDNS() {
-			log.Info("starting the DNS updater", "address", cluster.Network[i].DNSName())
-			ipUpdater := vip.NewIPUpdater(cluster.Network[i])
+		if network.IsDNS() {
+			log.Info("starting the DNS updater", "address", network.DNSName())
+			ipUpdater := vip.NewIPUpdater(network)
 			ipUpdater.Run(ctxDNS)
 		}

 		if !c.EnableRoutingTable {
-			if c.EnableARP {
-				subnets := vip.Split(c.VIPCIDR)
-				subnet := ""
-				if len(subnets) > 0 {
-					subnet = subnets[0]
-				}
-				if vip.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[i].IP()) && len(subnets) > 1 {
-					subnet = subnets[1]
-				}
-				if subnet == "" {
-					log.Error("no subnet provided", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-					panic("")
-				}
-				if err = cluster.Network[i].SetMask(subnet); err != nil {
-					log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", subnet, "err", err)
-					panic("")
-				}
-			}
-			if err = cluster.Network[i].AddIP(false); err != nil {
+			// Normal VIP addition, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+			if _, err = network.AddIP(false, false); err != nil {
 				log.Error(err.Error())
 			}
 		}

-		if c.EnableMetal {
-			// We're not using Equinix Metal with BGP
-			if !c.EnableBGP {
-				// Attempt to attach the EIP in the standard manner
-				log.Debug("Attaching the Equinix Metal EIP through the API to this host")
-				err = equinixmetal.AttachEIP(packetClient, c, c.NodeName)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error(err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
 		if c.EnableBGP {
 			// Lets advertise the VIP over BGP, the host needs to be passed using CIDR notation
-			cidrVip := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cluster.Network[i].IP(), c.VIPCIDR)
-			log.Debug("Attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", cidrVip)
-
-			err = bgpServer.AddHost(cidrVip)
+			log.Debug("Attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", network.CIDR())
+			err = bgpServer.AddHost(network.CIDR())
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error(err.Error())
 			}
 		}

 		if c.EnableLoadBalancer {
-			lb, err := loadbalancer.NewIPVSLB(cluster.Network[i].IP(), c.LoadBalancerPort, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, c.Interface, cancelLeaderElection, signalChan)
+			lb, err := loadbalancer.NewIPVSLB(network.IP(), c.LoadBalancerPort, c.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod, c.BackendHealthCheckInterval, c.Interface, cancelLeaderElection, signalChan)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("Error creating IPVS LoadBalancer", "err", err)
 			}

 			go func() {
-				err = sm.NodeWatcher(lb, c.Port)
+				err = sm.NodeWatcher(ctxArp, lb, c.Port) //TODO: We're using the ctxARP as the context this will change when rkatz finishes his change
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error("Error watching node labels", "err", err)
 				}
@@ -119,7 +98,8 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 		}

 		if c.EnableARP {
-			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, cluster.Network[i], c)
+			arpWG.Add(1)
+			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, network, c, &arpWG)
 		}
 	}

@@ -190,12 +170,14 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co

 		backend.Watch(func() {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				networkIP := cluster.Network[i].IP()
+				network := cluster.Network[i]
+				networkIP := network.IP()
 				isNetworkV6, err := isV6(networkIP)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error("failed to check IP type", "IP", networkIP, "error", err)
 					continue
 				}
+				log.Debug("current ip to process", "ip", networkIP)

 				backendMap := &backendMapV4
 				if isNetworkV6 {
@@ -203,20 +185,23 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 				}

 				for entry := range *backendMap {
+					log.Debug("entry.Check() for entry", "entry", entry)
 					if entry.Check() {
-						err = cluster.Network[i].AddIP(true)
+						log.Debug("entry.Check() true")
+						// Normal VIP addition with precheck, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+						_, err = network.AddIP(true, false)
 						if err != nil {
 							log.Error("error adding address", "err", err)
 						}
 						if !(*backendMap)[entry] {
-							log.Info("added backend", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+							log.Info("added backend", "ip", network.IP())
 						}

-						err = cluster.Network[i].AddRoute(true)
+						err = network.AddRoute(true)
 						if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrExist) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
 							log.Warn(err.Error())
 						} else if err == nil && !(*backendMap)[entry] {
-							log.Info("added route", "route", cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute().String())
+							log.Info("added route", "route", network.PrepareRoute().String())
 						}

 						(*backendMap)[entry] = true
@@ -234,24 +219,20 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS context.Context, c *kubevip.Co
 				}

 				if deleteAddress {
-					err = cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
+					err = network.DeleteRoute()
 					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
 						log.Warn("deleting route", "err", err)
 					} else if err == nil {
-						log.Info("deleted route", "route", cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute().String())
+						log.Info("deleted route", "route", network.PrepareRoute().String())
 					}

-					isSet, err := cluster.Network[i].IsSet()
+					deleted, err := network.DeleteIP()
 					if err != nil {
-						log.Error("failed to check IP address", "error", err)
+						log.Error("error deleting IP", "err", err)
+						panic("")
 					}
-					if isSet {
-						err = cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("error deleting IP", "err", err)
-							panic("")
-						}
-						log.Info("deleted address", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+					if deleted {
+						log.Info("deleted address", "IP", network.IP(), "interface", network.Interface())
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -284,60 +265,56 @@ func getNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, nodename string, client *kubernetes.Clients
 }

 // StartLoadBalancerService will start a VIP instance and leave it for kube-proxy to handle
-func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Server) {
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(ctx context.Context, c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Server, name string, CountRouteReferences func(*netlink.Route) int) {
 	// use a Go context so we can tell the arp loop code when we
 	// want to step down
 	//nolint
-	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(ctx)

 	cluster.stop = make(chan bool, 1)
 	cluster.completed = make(chan bool, 1)

+	var arpWG sync.WaitGroup
+
+	log.Debug("StartLoadBalancerService")
 	for i := range cluster.Network {
 		network := cluster.Network[i]
-
-		err := network.DeleteIP()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("Attempted to clean existing VIP", "err", err)
+		log.Debug("current ip to process", "ip", network.IP(), "mask", c.VIPSubnet)
+		if err := network.SetMask(c.VIPSubnet); err != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", c.VIPSubnet, "err", err)
+			panic("")
 		}
+		_, err := network.DeleteIP()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("attempted to clean existing VIP", "err", err)
+		}
+		log.Debug("config flags", "enable_routing_table", c.EnableRoutingTable, "enable_leader_election", c.EnableLeaderElection, "enable_services_election", c.EnableServicesElection)
+
 		if c.EnableRoutingTable && (c.EnableLeaderElection || c.EnableServicesElection) {
 			err = network.AddRoute(false)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Warn(err.Error())
-			}
-		} else if !c.EnableRoutingTable {
-			if c.EnableARP {
-				subnets := vip.Split(c.VIPCIDR)
-				subnet := ""
-				if len(subnets) > 0 {
-					subnet = subnets[0]
-				}
-				if vip.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[i].IP()) && len(subnets) > 1 {
-					subnet = subnets[1]
-				}
-				if subnet == "" {
-					log.Error("no subnet provided for address", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-					panic("")
-				}
-				if err = network.SetMask(subnet); err != nil {
-					log.Error("failed to set mask", "subnet", subnet, "err", err)
-					panic("")
-				}
-			}
-			if err = network.AddIP(false); err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			} else {
+				log.Info("successful add Route")
 			}
 		}

+		// Normal VIP addition, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+		if _, err = network.AddIP(false, false); err != nil {
+			log.Warn(err.Error())
+		} else {
+			log.Info("successful add IP")
+		}
+
 		if c.EnableARP {
-			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, cluster.Network[i], c)
+			arpWG.Add(1)
+			go cluster.layer2Update(ctxArp, network, c, &arpWG)
 		}

 		if c.EnableBGP && (c.EnableLeaderElection || c.EnableServicesElection) {
 			// Lets advertise the VIP over BGP, the host needs to be passed using CIDR notation
-			cidrVip := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", network.IP(), c.VIPCIDR)
-			log.Debug("(svcs) attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", cidrVip)
-			err = bgp.AddHost(cidrVip)
+			log.Debug("(svcs) attempting to advertise over BGP", "address", network.CIDR())
+			err = bgp.AddHost(network.CIDR())
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error(err.Error())
 			}
@@ -349,13 +326,19 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Ser
 		// Stop the Arp context if it is running
 		cancelArp()

-		log.Info("[LOADBALANCER] Stopping load balancers")
+		arpWG.Wait() // wait for all cluster ARP/NDP to be finished
+
+		log.Info("[LOADBALANCER] Stopping load balancers", "name", name)

 		if c.EnableRoutingTable {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				log.Info("[VIP] Deleting Route for VIP [%s]", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-				if err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute(); err != nil {
-					log.Warn(err.Error())
+				// chek if route is not  referenced by another service
+				r := cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute()
+				if CountRouteReferences(r) < 1 {
+					log.Info("[VIP] Deleting Route for VIP", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+					if err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute(); err != nil {
+						log.Warn(err.Error())
+					}
 				}
 			}

@@ -363,9 +346,37 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Ser
 			return
 		}
 		for i := range cluster.Network {
-			log.Info("[VIP] Deleting VIP", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-			if err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP(); err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
+			if c.EnableARP && cluster.arpMgr.Count(cluster.Network[i].ARPName()) > 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Handle VIP cleanup based on configuration
+			if c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+				// For IPv6, we must remove VIPs immediately to avoid DAD failures on the new leader
+				// IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection will fail if the new leader tries to add an IP
+				// that is still present on this node's interface
+				if utils.IsIPv6(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
+					log.Info("[VIP] Removing IPv6 VIP immediately (required to prevent DAD failures on new leader)", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+					deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Warn(err.Error())
+					}
+					if deleted {
+						log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+					}
+				} else {
+					log.Info("[VIP] Preserving IPv4 VIP address on interface, only stopped ARP broadcasting", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+				}
+			} else {
+				// Legacy behavior: delete VIP addresses on leadership loss
+				log.Info("[VIP] Deleting VIP", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+				deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Warn(err.Error())
+				}
+				if deleted {
+					log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+				}
 			}
 		}

@@ -374,12 +385,13 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartLoadBalancerService(c *kubevip.Config, bgp *bgp.Ser
 }

 // Layer2Update, handles the creation of the
-func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c *kubevip.Config) {
+func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c *kubevip.Config, arpWG *sync.WaitGroup) {
+	defer arpWG.Done()
 	log.Info("layer 2 broadcaster starting")
 	var ndp *vip.NdpResponder
 	var err error
 	ipString := network.IP()
-	if vip.IsIPv6(ipString) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(ipString) {
 		if network.IPisLinkLocal() {
 			log.Error("layer2 is link-local can't use NDP", "address", ipString)

@@ -397,68 +409,10 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) layer2Update(ctx context.Context, network vip.Network, c

 	log.Debug("layer 2 update", "ip", ipString, "interface", network.Interface(), "ms", c.ArpBroadcastRate)

-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done(): // if cancel() execute
-			log.Debug("ending layer 2 update", "ip", ipString, "interface", network.Interface(), "ms", c.ArpBroadcastRate)
-			return
-		default:
-			cluster.ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(network, ndp)
-		}
-		if c.ArpBroadcastRate < 500 {
-			log.Error("arp broadcast rate is too low", "rate (ms)", c.ArpBroadcastRate, "setting to (ms)", "3000")
-			c.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
-		}
-		time.Sleep(time.Duration(c.ArpBroadcastRate) * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-}
-
-// ensureIPAndSendGratuitous - adds IP to the interface if missing, and send
-// either a gratuitous ARP or gratuitous NDP. Re-adds the interface if it is IPv6
-// and in a dadfailed state.
-func (cluster *Cluster) ensureIPAndSendGratuitous(network vip.Network, ndp *vip.NdpResponder) {
-	iface := network.Interface()
-	ipString := network.IP()
-
-	// Check if IP is dadfailed
-	if network.IsDADFAIL() {
-		log.Warn("IP address is in dadfailed state, removing config", "ip", ipString, "interface", iface)
-		err := network.DeleteIP()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn(err.Error())
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Ensure the address exists on the interface before attempting to ARP
-	set, err := network.IsSet()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warn(err.Error())
-	}
-	if !set {
-		log.Warn("Re-applying the VIP configuration", "ip", ipString, "interface", iface)
-		err = network.AddIP(false)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn(err.Error())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if vip.IsIPv6(ipString) {
-		// Gratuitous NDP, will broadcast new MAC <-> IPv6 address
-		if ndp == nil {
-			log.Error("NDP responder was not created")
-		} else {
-			err := ndp.SendGratuitous(ipString)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn(err.Error())
-			}
-		}
-
-	} else {
-		// Gratuitous ARP, will broadcast to new MAC <-> IPv4 address
-		err := vip.ARPSendGratuitous(ipString, iface)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn(err.Error())
-		}
-	}
-
+	arpInstance := arp.NewInstance(network, ndp)
+	cluster.arpMgr.Insert(arpInstance)
+
+	<-ctx.Done() // if cancel() execute
+	log.Debug("ending layer 2 update", "ip", ipString, "interface", network.Interface(), "ms", c.ArpBroadcastRate)
+	cluster.arpMgr.RemoveOnLeadershipLoss(arpInstance)
 }
--- a/pkg/cluster/singleNode.go
+++ b/pkg/cluster/singleNode.go
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
-
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
@@ -26,12 +24,16 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartSingleNode(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) erro

 	for i := range cluster.Network {
 		if !disableVIP {
-			err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+			deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Warn("Attempted to clean existing VIP", "err", err)
 			}
+			if deleted {
+				log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+			}

-			err = cluster.Network[i].AddIP(false)
+			// Normal VIP addition for single node, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+			_, err = cluster.Network[i].AddIP(false, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Warn(err.Error())
 			}
@@ -53,10 +55,13 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartSingleNode(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) erro
 		if !disableVIP {
 			for i := range cluster.Network {
 				log.Info("[VIP] Releasing the VIP", "address", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-				err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
+				deleted, err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteIP()
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Warn(err.Error())
 				}
+				if deleted {
+					log.Info("deleted address", "IP", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		close(cluster.completed)
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartSingleNode(c *kubevip.Config, disableVIP bool) erro
 	return nil
 }

-func (cluster *Cluster) StartVipService(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgp *bgp.Server, packetClient *packngo.Client) error {
+func (cluster *Cluster) StartVipService(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgp *bgp.Server) error {
 	// use a Go context so we can tell the arp loop code when we
 	// want to step down
 	ctxArp, cancelArp := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -76,5 +81,5 @@ func (cluster *Cluster) StartVipService(c *kubevip.Config, sm *Manager, bgp *bgp
 	ctxDNS, cancelDNS := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelDNS()

-	return cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgp, packetClient, nil)
+	return cluster.vipService(ctxArp, ctxDNS, c, sm, bgp, nil)
 }
--- a/pkg/egress/egress.go
+++ b/pkg/egress/egress.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package egress
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+)
+
+func Teardown(podIP, vipIP, namespace, serviceUUID string, annotations map[string]string, useNftables bool) error {
+	// Look up the destination ports from the annotations on the service
+	destinationPorts := annotations[kubevip.EgressDestinationPorts]
+	deniedNetworks := annotations[kubevip.EgressDeniedNetworks]
+	allowedNetworks := annotations[kubevip.EgressAllowedNetworks]
+	internalEgress := annotations[kubevip.EgressInternal]
+
+	protocol := iptables.ProtocolIPv4
+	IPv6 := false
+	if utils.IsIPv6(podIP) {
+		protocol = iptables.ProtocolIPv6
+		IPv6 = true
+	}
+
+	// Use the internal egress implementation
+	if internalEgress != "" {
+		return nftables.DeleteSNAT(IPv6, serviceUUID)
+	}
+
+	i, err := vip.CreateIptablesClient(useNftables, namespace, protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error Creating iptables client [%s]", err)
+	}
+
+	if deniedNetworks != "" {
+		networks := strings.Split(deniedNetworks, ",")
+		for x := range networks {
+			err = i.DeleteMangleReturnForNetwork(vip.MangleChainName, networks[x])
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting rules in mangle chain [%s], error [%s]", vip.MangleChainName, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if allowedNetworks != "" {
+		networks := strings.Split(allowedNetworks, ",")
+		for x := range networks {
+			err = i.DeleteMangleMarkingForNetwork(podIP, vip.MangleChainName, networks[x])
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting rules in mangle chain [%s], error [%s]", vip.MangleChainName, err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Remove the marking of egress packets
+		err = i.DeleteMangleMarking(podIP, vip.MangleChainName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Clear up SNAT rules
+	if destinationPorts != "" {
+		fixedPorts := strings.Split(destinationPorts, ",")
+
+		for _, fixedPort := range fixedPorts {
+			var proto, port string
+
+			data := strings.Split(fixedPort, ":")
+			if len(data) == 0 {
+				continue
+			} else if len(data) == 1 {
+				proto = "tcp"
+				port = data[0]
+			} else {
+				proto = data[0]
+				port = data[1]
+			}
+
+			err = i.DeleteSourceNatForDestinationPort(podIP, vipIP, port, proto)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
+			}
+
+		}
+	} else {
+		err = i.DeleteSourceNat(podIP, vipIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(podIP, false, destinationPorts, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/endpoints.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/endpoints.go
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	discoveryv1 "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+)
+
+type Processor struct {
+	config    *kubevip.Config
+	provider  providers.Provider
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server
+	worker    endpointWorker
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance
+}
+
+func NewEndpointProcessor(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server,
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance) *Processor {
+	return &Processor{
+		config:    config,
+		provider:  provider,
+		bgpServer: bgpServer,
+		instances: instances,
+		worker:    newEndpointWorker(config, provider, bgpServer, instances),
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) AddOrModify(ctx *servicecontext.Context, event watch.Event,
+	lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, id string, leaderElectionActive *bool,
+	serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error,
+	leaderCtx *context.Context, cancel *context.CancelFunc) (bool, error) {
+
+	var err error
+	if err = p.provider.LoadObject(event.Object, *cancel); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error loading k8s object: %w", p.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+	}
+
+	endpoints, err := p.worker.getEndpoints(service, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if err := p.worker.setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service, endpoints); err != nil {
+		log.Error("updating instance", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// Find out if we have any local endpoints
+	// if out endpoint is empty then populate it
+	// if not, go through the endpoints and see if ours still exists
+	// If we have a local endpoint then begin the leader Election, unless it's already running
+	//
+
+	// Check that we have local endpoints
+	if len(endpoints) != 0 {
+		// Ignore IPv4
+		if service.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true" && net.ParseIP(endpoints[0]).To4() != nil {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		p.updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, endpoints, service, leaderElectionActive, *cancel)
+		// start leader election if it's enabled and not already started
+		if !*leaderElectionActive && p.config.EnableServicesElection {
+			go func() {
+				*leaderCtx, *cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx.Ctx)
+				startLeaderElection(*leaderCtx, leaderElectionActive, service, serviceFunc)
+			}()
+		}
+
+		// There are local endpoints available on the node
+		if !p.config.EnableServicesElection && !p.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+			if err := p.worker.processInstance(ctx, service, leaderElectionActive); err != nil {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to process non-empty instance: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		// There are no local endpoints
+		p.worker.clear(ctx, lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, *cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+	}
+
+	// Set the service accordingly
+	p.updateAnnotations(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+
+	log.Debug("watcher", "provider",
+		p.provider.GetLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "endpoints", len(endpoints), "last endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint, "active leader election", *leaderElectionActive)
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) Delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+	if err := p.worker.delete(service, id); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error deleting service: %w", p.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) updateLastKnownGoodEndpoint(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, endpoints []string, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool, cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+	// if we haven't populated one, then do so
+	if *lastKnownGoodEndpoint == "" {
+		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
+		return
+	}
+
+	// check out previous endpoint exists
+	stillExists := false
+
+	for x := range endpoints {
+		if endpoints[x] == *lastKnownGoodEndpoint {
+			stillExists = true
+		}
+	}
+	// If the last endpoint no longer exists, we cancel our leader Election, and set another endpoint as last known good
+	if !stillExists {
+		p.worker.removeEgress(service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+		if *leaderElectionActive && (p.config.EnableServicesElection || p.config.EnableLeaderElection) {
+			log.Warn("existing endpoint has been removed, restarting leaderElection", "provider", p.provider.GetLabel(), "endpoint", *lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+			// Stop the existing leaderElection
+			cancel()
+			// disable last leaderElection flag
+			*leaderElectionActive = false
+		}
+		// Set our active endpoint to an existing one
+		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) updateAnnotations(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string) {
+	// Set the service accordingly
+	if service.Annotations[kubevip.Egress] == "true" {
+		activeEndpointAnnotation := kubevip.ActiveEndpoint
+
+		if !p.config.EnableEndpoints && p.provider.GetProtocol() == string(discoveryv1.AddressTypeIPv6) {
+			activeEndpointAnnotation = kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6
+		}
+		service.Annotations[activeEndpointAnnotation] = *lastKnownGoodEndpoint
+	}
+}
+
+func startLeaderElection(ctx context.Context, leaderElectionActive *bool, service *v1.Service, serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) {
+	// This is a blocking function, that will restart (in the event of failure)
+	for {
+		// if the context isn't cancelled restart
+		if ctx.Err() != context.Canceled {
+			*leaderElectionActive = true
+			err := serviceFunc(ctx, service)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error(err.Error())
+			}
+			*leaderElectionActive = false
+		} else {
+			*leaderElectionActive = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_bgp.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_bgp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+type BGP struct {
+	generic
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server
+}
+
+func newBGP(generic generic, bgpServer *bgp.Server) endpointWorker {
+	return &BGP{
+		generic:   generic,
+		bgpServer: bgpServer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error {
+	if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *b.instances); instance != nil {
+		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+			for i := range cluster.Network {
+				if !ctx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) {
+					log.Debug("attempting to advertise BGP service", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
+					err := b.bgpServer.AddHost(cluster.Network[i].CIDR())
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error("error adding BGP host", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "err", err)
+					} else {
+						log.Info("added BGP host", "provider",
+							b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].CIDR(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
+						*leaderElectionActive = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) clear(ctx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+	if !b.config.EnableServicesElection && !b.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		// If BGP mode is enabled - routes should be deleted
+		if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *b.instances); instance != nil {
+			for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					err := b.bgpServer.DelHost(cluster.Network[i].CIDR())
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error("deleting BGP host", "provider", b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+					} else {
+						log.Info("deleted BGP host", "provider",
+							b.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Delete(cluster.Network[i].IP())
+						*leaderElectionActive = false
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	b.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	return b.getAllEndpoints(service, id)
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+	// When no-leader-elecition mode
+	if !b.config.EnableServicesElection && !b.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		// find all existing local endpoints
+		endpoints, err := b.getEndpoints(service, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting endpoints: %w", b.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+		}
+
+		// If there were local endpoints deleted
+		if len(endpoints) > 0 {
+			b.deleteAction(service)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) deleteAction(service *v1.Service) {
+	b.clearBGPHosts(service)
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) clearBGPHosts(service *v1.Service) {
+	ClearBGPHosts(service, b.instances, b.bgpServer)
+}
+
+func (b *BGP) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ClearBGPHosts(service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+	if instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *instances); instance != nil {
+		ClearBGPHostsByInstance(instance, bgpServer)
+	}
+}
+
+func ClearBGPHostsByInstance(instance *instance.Instance, bgpServer *bgp.Server) {
+	if instance == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to clear BGP host for nil instance")
+		return
+	}
+	for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			network := cluster.Network[i]
+			err := bgpServer.DelHost(network.CIDR())
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[endpoint] error deleting BGP host", "err", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Debug("[endpoint] deleted BGP host", "ip",
+					network.CIDR(), "service name", instance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "namespace", instance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_generic.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_generic.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/egress"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+type endpointWorker interface {
+	processInstance(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error
+	clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool)
+	getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error)
+	removeEgress(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string)
+	delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error
+	setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error
+}
+
+func newEndpointWorker(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, bgpServer *bgp.Server, instances *[]*instance.Instance) endpointWorker {
+	generic := newGeneric(config, provider, instances)
+
+	if config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		return newRoutingTable(generic)
+	}
+	if config.EnableBGP {
+		return newBGP(generic, bgpServer)
+	}
+
+	return &generic
+}
+
+type generic struct {
+	config    *kubevip.Config
+	provider  providers.Provider
+	instances *[]*instance.Instance
+}
+
+func newGeneric(config *kubevip.Config, provider providers.Provider, instances *[]*instance.Instance) generic {
+	return generic{
+		config:    config,
+		provider:  provider,
+		instances: instances,
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *generic) processInstance(_ *servicecontext.Context, _ *v1.Service, _ *bool) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (g *generic) clear(_ *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+	g.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+}
+
+func (g *generic) clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+	if *lastKnownGoodEndpoint != "" {
+		log.Warn("existing  endpoint has been removed, no remaining endpoints for leaderElection", "provider", g.provider.GetLabel(), "endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
+		if err := egress.Teardown(*lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service.Spec.LoadBalancerIP, service.Namespace, string(service.UID), service.Annotations, g.config.EgressWithNftables); err != nil {
+			log.Error("error removing redundant egress rules", "err", err)
+		}
+
+		*lastKnownGoodEndpoint = "" // reset endpoint
+		if g.config.EnableServicesElection || g.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+			cancel() // stop services watcher
+		}
+		*leaderElectionActive = false
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *generic) getEndpoints(_ *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	return g.getLocalEndpoints(id)
+}
+
+func (g *generic) getLocalEndpoints(id string) ([]string, error) {
+	// Build endpoints
+	var endpoints []string
+	var err error
+	if endpoints, err = g.provider.GetLocalEndpoints(id, g.config); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting local endpoints: %w", g.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+	}
+
+	return endpoints, nil
+}
+
+func (g *generic) getAllEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	// Build endpoints
+	var err error
+	var endpoints []string
+	if !g.config.EnableLeaderElection && !g.config.EnableServicesElection &&
+		service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
+		if endpoints, err = g.provider.GetAllEndpoints(); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting all endpoints: %w", g.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if endpoints, err = g.provider.GetLocalEndpoints(id, g.config); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting local endpoints: %w", g.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return endpoints, nil
+}
+
+func (g *generic) removeEgress(_ *v1.Service, _ *string) {
+}
+
+func (g *generic) delete(_ *v1.Service, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (g *generic) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(_ *v1.Service, _ []string) error {
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_routing_table.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/endpoints_routing_table.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package endpoints
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/egress"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+type RoutingTable struct {
+	generic
+}
+
+func newRoutingTable(generic generic) endpointWorker {
+	return &RoutingTable{
+		generic: generic,
+	}
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) processInstance(ctx *servicecontext.Context, service *v1.Service, leaderElectionActive *bool) error {
+	instance := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *rt.instances)
+	if instance != nil {
+		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+			for i := range cluster.Network {
+				if !ctx.IsNetworkConfigured(cluster.Network[i].IP()) && cluster.Network[i].HasEndpoints() {
+					err := cluster.Network[i].AddRoute(false)
+					if err != nil {
+						if errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
+							// If route exists, but protocol is not set (e.g. the route was created by the older version
+							// of kube-vip) try to update it if necessary
+							isUpdated, err := cluster.Network[i].UpdateRoutes()
+							if err != nil {
+								return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error updating existing routes: %w", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+							}
+							if isUpdated {
+								log.Info("updated route", "provider",
+									rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
+									service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
+							} else {
+								log.Info("route already present", "provider",
+									rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
+									service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
+							}
+						} else {
+							// If other error occurs, return error
+							return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error adding route: %s", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err.Error())
+						}
+					} else {
+						log.Info("added route", "provider",
+							rt.provider.GetLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace",
+							service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", rt.config.RoutingTableID)
+						ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Store(cluster.Network[i].IP(), true)
+						*leaderElectionActive = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) clear(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string, service *v1.Service, cancel context.CancelFunc, leaderElectionActive *bool) {
+	if !rt.config.EnableServicesElection && !rt.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		if errs := ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances); len(errs) == 0 {
+			svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Clear()
+		} else {
+			for _, err := range errs {
+				log.Error("error while clearing routes", "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	rt.clearEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, cancel, leaderElectionActive)
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) getEndpoints(service *v1.Service, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	return rt.getAllEndpoints(service, id)
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) removeEgress(service *v1.Service, lastKnownGoodEndpoint *string) {
+	if err := egress.Teardown(*lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service.Spec.LoadBalancerIP,
+		service.Namespace, string(service.UID), service.Annotations, rt.config.EgressWithNftables); err != nil {
+		log.Warn("removing redundant egress rules", "err", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) delete(service *v1.Service, id string) error {
+	// When no-leader-elecition mode
+	if !rt.config.EnableServicesElection && !rt.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		// find all existing local endpoints
+		endpoints, err := rt.getEndpoints(service, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting endpoints: %w", rt.provider.GetLabel(), err)
+		}
+
+		// If there were local endpoints deleted
+		if len(endpoints) > 0 {
+			rt.deleteAction(service)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) deleteAction(service *v1.Service) {
+	ClearRoutes(service, rt.instances)
+}
+
+func (rt *RoutingTable) setInstanceEndpointsStatus(service *v1.Service, endpoints []string) error {
+	instance := instance.FindServiceInstanceWithTimeout(service, *rt.instances)
+	if instance == nil {
+		log.Error("failed to find the instance", "namespace", service.Namespace, "name", service.Name, "uid", service.UID, "provider", rt.provider.GetLabel())
+	} else {
+		for _, c := range instance.Clusters {
+			for n := range c.Network {
+				// if there are no endpoints set HasEndpoints false just in case
+				if len(endpoints) < 1 {
+					c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(false)
+				}
+				// check if endpoint are available and are of same IP family as service
+				if len(endpoints) > 0 && ((net.ParseIP(c.Network[n].IP()).To4() == nil) == (net.ParseIP(endpoints[0]).To4() == nil)) {
+					c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(true)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ClearRoutes(service *v1.Service, instances *[]*instance.Instance) []error {
+	errs := []error{}
+	if svcInst := instance.FindServiceInstance(service, *instances); svcInst != nil {
+		clearErrs := ClearRoutesByInstance(service, svcInst, instances)
+		errs = append(errs, clearErrs...)
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+func ClearRoutesByInstance(service *v1.Service, svcInst *instance.Instance, instances *[]*instance.Instance) []error {
+	if svcInst == nil {
+		return []error{fmt.Errorf("failed to remove routes for nil instance of service %s/%s, uid: %s", service.Namespace, service.Name, service.UID)}
+	}
+	errs := []error{}
+	for _, cluster := range svcInst.Clusters {
+		for i := range cluster.Network {
+			route := cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute()
+			// check if route we are about to delete is not referenced by more than one service
+			if CountRouteReferences(route, instances) <= 1 {
+				err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
+				if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+					log.Error("failed to delete route", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
+					errs = append(errs, err)
+				}
+				log.Debug("deleted route", "ip",
+					cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errs
+}
+
+func CountRouteReferences(route *netlink.Route, instances *[]*instance.Instance) int {
+	cnt := 0
+	for _, instance := range *instances {
+		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+			for n := range cluster.Network {
+				if cluster.Network[n].HasEndpoints() {
+					r := cluster.Network[n].PrepareRoute()
+					if r.Dst.String() == route.Dst.String() {
+						cnt++
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return cnt
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/providers/endpoints.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/providers/endpoints.go
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package providers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/fields"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
+	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+)
+
+type Endpoints struct {
+	label string
+	//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019 endpoints are moving to an opt-in only
+	endpoints *v1.Endpoints
+}
+
+func NewEndpoints() Provider {
+	return &Endpoints{
+		label: "endpoints",
+	}
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) CreateRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
+	service *v1.Service) (*watchtools.RetryWatcher, error) {
+	opts := metav1.ListOptions{
+		FieldSelector: fields.OneTermEqualSelector("metadata.name", service.Name).String(),
+	}
+
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctx, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
+		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
+			return clientSet.CoreV1().Endpoints(service.Namespace).Watch(ctx, opts)
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating endpoint watcher: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	return rw, nil
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) LoadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel context.CancelFunc) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019 endpoints have to be explicitly requested now
+	eps, ok := endpoints.(*v1.Endpoints)
+	if !ok {
+		cancel()
+		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher", ep.GetLabel())
+	}
+	ep.endpoints = eps
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) GetAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
+	result := []string{}
+	for subset := range ep.endpoints.Subsets {
+		for address := range ep.endpoints.Subsets[subset].Addresses {
+			addr := strings.Split(ep.endpoints.Subsets[subset].Addresses[address].IP, "/")
+			result = append(result, addr[0])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) GetLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error) {
+	var localEndpoints []string
+
+	for _, subset := range ep.endpoints.Subsets {
+		for _, address := range subset.Addresses {
+			log.Debug("processing endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP)
+
+			// 1. Compare the Nodename
+			if address.NodeName != nil && id == *address.NodeName {
+				log.Debug("found local endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP, "hostname", address.Hostname, "nodename", *address.NodeName)
+				localEndpoints = append(localEndpoints, address.IP)
+				continue
+			}
+			// 2. Compare the Hostname (only useful if address.NodeName is not available)
+			if id == address.Hostname {
+				log.Debug("found local endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP, "hostname", address.Hostname)
+				localEndpoints = append(localEndpoints, address.IP)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return localEndpoints, nil
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint string, _ string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
+	retryErr := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
+		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
+		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		currentServiceCopy := currentService.DeepCopy()
+		if currentServiceCopy.Annotations == nil {
+			currentServiceCopy.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
+		}
+
+		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] = endpoint
+
+		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("error updating Service Spec", "label", ep.GetLabel(), "name", currentServiceCopy.Name, "err", err)
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if retryErr != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to set Services", "label", ep.GetLabel(), "err", retryErr)
+		return retryErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) GetLabel() string {
+	return ep.label
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpoints) GetProtocol() string {
+	return ""
+}
--- a/pkg/endpoints/providers/endpointslices.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/providers/endpointslices.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package manager
+package providers

 import (
 	"context"
@@ -13,17 +13,24 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
 	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
 )

-type endpointslicesProvider struct {
+type Endpointslices struct {
 	label     string
 	endpoints *discoveryv1.EndpointSlice
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) createRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, sm *Manager,
+func NewEndpointslices() Provider {
+	return &Endpointslices{
+		label: "endpointslices",
+	}
+}
+
+func (ep *Endpointslices) CreateRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset,
 	service *v1.Service) (*watchtools.RetryWatcher, error) {
 	labelSelector := metav1.LabelSelector{MatchLabels: map[string]string{"kubernetes.io/service-name": service.Name}}

@@ -31,9 +38,9 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) createRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, sm *Ma
 		LabelSelector: labels.Set(labelSelector.MatchLabels).String(),
 	}

-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcher("1", &cache.ListWatch{
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctx, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
 		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
-			return sm.rwClientSet.DiscoveryV1().EndpointSlices(service.Namespace).Watch(ctx, opts)
+			return clientSet.DiscoveryV1().EndpointSlices(service.Namespace).Watch(ctx, opts)
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -43,7 +50,7 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) createRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, sm *Ma
 	return rw, nil
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) loadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel context.CancelFunc) error {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) LoadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel context.CancelFunc) error {
 	eps, ok := endpoints.(*discoveryv1.EndpointSlice)
 	if !ok {
 		cancel()
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) loadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel co
 	return nil
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) GetAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
 	result := []string{}
 	for _, ep := range ep.endpoints.Endpoints {
 		result = append(result, ep.Addresses...)
@@ -61,10 +68,10 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
 	return result, nil
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error) {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) GetLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error) {
 	var localEndpoints []string
 	for _, endpoint := range ep.endpoints.Endpoints {
-		if !*endpoint.Conditions.Serving {
+		if endpoint.Conditions.Serving == nil || !*endpoint.Conditions.Serving {
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, address := range endpoint.Addresses {
@@ -91,11 +98,11 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config
 	return localEndpoints, nil
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) updateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6 string, service *v1.Service, sm *Manager) error {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) UpdateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6 string, service *v1.Service, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) error {
 	retryErr := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
 		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
 		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
-		currentService, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		currentService, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -105,10 +112,10 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) updateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6
 			currentServiceCopy.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
 		}

-		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[activeEndpoint] = endpoint
-		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[activeEndpointIPv6] = endpointIPv6
+		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] = endpoint
+		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6] = endpointIPv6

-		_, err = sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+		_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("error updating Service Spec", "provider", ep.label, "service name", currentServiceCopy.Name, "err", err)
 			return err
@@ -123,10 +130,10 @@ func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) updateServiceAnnotation(endpoint, endpointIPv6
 	return nil
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getLabel() string {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) GetLabel() string {
 	return ep.label
 }

-func (ep *endpointslicesProvider) getProtocol() string {
+func (ep *Endpointslices) GetProtocol() string {
 	return string(ep.endpoints.AddressType)
 }
--- a/pkg/endpoints/providers/interface.go
+++ b/pkg/endpoints/providers/interface.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package providers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
+)
+
+type Provider interface {
+	CreateRetryWatcher(context.Context, *kubernetes.Clientset,
+		*v1.Service) (*watchtools.RetryWatcher, error)
+	GetAllEndpoints() ([]string, error)
+	GetLocalEndpoints(string, *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error)
+	GetLabel() string
+	UpdateServiceAnnotation(string, string, *v1.Service, *kubernetes.Clientset) error
+	LoadObject(runtime.Object, context.CancelFunc) error
+	GetProtocol() string
+}
--- a/pkg/equinixmetal/bgp.go
+++ b/pkg/equinixmetal/bgp.go
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package equinixmetal
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
-)
-
-// BGPLookup will use the Equinix Metal API functions to populate the BGP information
-func BGPLookup(c *packngo.Client, k *kubevip.Config) error {
-	var thisDevice *packngo.Device
-	if k.MetalProjectID == "" {
-		proj := findProject(k.MetalProject, c)
-		if proj == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Unable to find Project [%s]", k.MetalProject)
-		}
-		thisDevice = findSelf(c, proj.ID)
-	} else {
-		thisDevice = findSelf(c, k.MetalProjectID)
-	}
-	if thisDevice == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to find local/this device in Equinix Metal API")
-	}
-
-	log.Info("Querying BGP settings", "hostname", thisDevice.Hostname)
-	neighbours, _, err := c.Devices.ListBGPNeighbors(thisDevice.ID, &packngo.ListOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	// Ensure neighbours exist (and it's enabled)
-	if len(neighbours) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("The server [%s]/[%s] has no BGP neighbours, ensure BGP is enabled", thisDevice.Hostname, thisDevice.ID)
-	}
-
-	// Add a warning (TODO)
-	if len(neighbours) > 1 {
-		log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("There are [%d] neighbours, only designed to manage one", len(neighbours)))
-	}
-
-	// Ensure a peer exists
-	if len(neighbours[0].PeerIps) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("The server [%s]/[%s] has no BGP peers, ensure BGP is enabled", thisDevice.Hostname, thisDevice.ID)
-	}
-
-	k.BGPConfig.RouterID = neighbours[0].CustomerIP
-	k.BGPConfig.AS = uint32(neighbours[0].CustomerAs) //nolint (being removed)
-
-	// Add the peer(s)
-	for x := range neighbours[0].PeerIps {
-		peer := bgp.Peer{
-			Address:  neighbours[0].PeerIps[x],
-			AS:       uint32(neighbours[0].PeerAs), //nolint (being removed)
-			MultiHop: neighbours[0].Multihop,
-			Password: neighbours[0].Md5Password,
-		}
-		k.BGPConfig.Peers = append(k.BGPConfig.Peers, peer)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/pkg/equinixmetal/eip.go
+++ b/pkg/equinixmetal/eip.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package equinixmetal
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
-)
-
-// AttachEIP will use the Equinix Metal APIs to move an EIP and attach to a host
-func AttachEIP(c *packngo.Client, k *kubevip.Config, _ string) error {
-	// Use MetalProjectID if it is defined
-	projID := k.MetalProjectID
-
-	if projID == "" {
-		// Fallback to attempting to find the project by name
-		proj := findProject(k.MetalProject, c)
-		if proj == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to find Project [%s]", k.MetalProject)
-		}
-
-		projID = proj.ID
-	}
-
-	// Prefer Address over VIP
-	vip := k.Address
-	if vip == "" {
-		vip = k.VIP
-	}
-
-	ips, _, _ := c.ProjectIPs.List(projID, &packngo.ListOptions{})
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		// Find the device id for our EIP
-		if ip.Address == vip {
-			log.Info("Found EIP", "address", ip.Address, "id", ip.ID)
-			// If attachments already exist then remove them
-			if len(ip.Assignments) != 0 {
-				hrefID := path.Base(ip.Assignments[0].Href)
-				_, err := c.DeviceIPs.Unassign(hrefID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("unable to unassign deviceIP %q: %v", hrefID, err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Lookup this server through the Equinix Metal API
-	thisDevice := findSelf(c, projID)
-	if thisDevice == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to find local/this device in Equinix Metal API")
-	}
-
-	// Assign the EIP to this device
-	log.Info("Assigning EIP", "hostname", thisDevice.Hostname)
-	_, _, err := c.DeviceIPs.Assign(thisDevice.ID, &packngo.AddressStruct{
-		Address: vip,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/pkg/equinixmetal/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/equinixmetal/utils.go
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package equinixmetal
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
-)
-
-func findProject(project string, c *packngo.Client) *packngo.Project {
-	l := &packngo.ListOptions{Includes: []string{project}}
-	ps, _, err := c.Projects.List(l)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error(err.Error())
-	}
-	for _, p := range ps {
-
-		// Find our project
-		if p.Name == project {
-			return &p
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func findSelf(c *packngo.Client, projectID string) *packngo.Device {
-	// Go through devices
-	dev, _, _ := c.Devices.List(projectID, &packngo.ListOptions{})
-	for _, d := range dev {
-		// TODO do we need to replace os.Hostname with config.NodeName here?
-		me, _ := os.Hostname()
-		if me == d.Hostname {
-			return &d
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetPacketConfig will lookup the configuration from a file path
-func GetPacketConfig(providerConfig string) (string, string, error) {
-	var config struct {
-		AuthToken string `json:"apiKey"`
-		ProjectID string `json:"projectId"`
-	}
-	// get our token and project
-	if providerConfig != "" {
-		configBytes, err := os.ReadFile(providerConfig)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get read configuration file at path %s: %v", providerConfig, err)
-		}
-		err = json.Unmarshal(configBytes, &config)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to process json of configuration file at path %s: %v", providerConfig, err)
-		}
-	}
-	return config.AuthToken, config.ProjectID, nil
-}
--- a/pkg/etcd/election.go
+++ b/pkg/etcd/election.go
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ func (m *member) tryToBeLeader(ctx context.Context) {

 func (m *member) resignOnCancel(ctx context.Context) {
 	<-ctx.Done()
-	if err := m.election.Resign(m.client.Ctx()); err != nil {
+	if err := m.election.Resign(m.client.Ctx()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 		log.Error("Failed to resign after the context was canceled", "err", err)
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/etcd/election_test.go
+++ b/pkg/etcd/election_test.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func TestRunElectionWithMemberIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 			Client: cli,
 		},
 		Name:                 electionName,
-		MemberID:             "my-host",
+		MemberID:             randomElectionNameForTest("my-host"),
 		LeaseDurationSeconds: 1,
 		Callbacks: etcd.LeaderCallbacks{
 			OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
@@ -90,19 +90,21 @@ func TestRunElectionWithTwoMembersAndReelection(t *testing.T) {

 	config1 := configBase
 	config1.EtcdConfig.Client = cliMember1
-	config1.MemberID = "my-host"
+	config1.MemberID = randomElectionNameForTest("my-host")
 	uniqueID := rand.Uint64()
 	config1.MemberUniqueID = &uniqueID
 	config1.Callbacks = baseCallbacksForName(config1.MemberID)
+	syncMembers := make(chan (any))
 	config1.Callbacks.OnStartedLeading = func(_ context.Context) {
 		log.Println("I'm my-host, the new leader!!!!")
+		close(syncMembers)
 		log.Println("Losing the leadership on purpose by stopping renewing the lease")
 		g.Expect(cliMember1.Lease.Close()).To(Succeed())
 		log.Println("Member1 leases closed")
 	}

 	config2 := configBase
-	config2.MemberID = "my-other-host"
+	config2.MemberID = randomElectionNameForTest("my-other-host")
 	config2.Callbacks = baseCallbacksForName(config2.MemberID)
 	config2.Callbacks.OnStartedLeading = func(_ context.Context) {
 		log.Println("I'm my-other-host, the new leader!!!!")
@@ -116,14 +118,14 @@ func TestRunElectionWithTwoMembersAndReelection(t *testing.T) {
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
 		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(member1Ctx, &config1)).To(Succeed())
-		log.Println("Member1 routine done")
+		log.Printf("%s routine done\n", config1.MemberID)
 	}()

 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
-		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 50) // Make sure member1 becomes leader
+		<-syncMembers
 		g.Expect(etcd.RunElection(member2Ctx, &config2)).To(Succeed())
-		log.Println("Member2 routine done")
+		log.Printf("%s routine done\n", config2.MemberID)
 	}()

 	wg.Wait()
--- a/pkg/instance/instance.go
+++ b/pkg/instance/instance.go
@@ -1,42 +1,48 @@
-package manager
+package instance

 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"

+	"log/slog"
 	log "log/slog"

 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/sysctl"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 )

 // Instance defines an instance of everything needed to manage vips
 type Instance struct {
 	// Virtual IP / Load Balancer configuration
-	vipConfigs []*kubevip.Config
+	VIPConfigs []*kubevip.Config

 	// cluster instances
-	clusters []*cluster.Cluster
+	Clusters []*cluster.Cluster

 	// Service uses DHCP
-	isDHCP              bool
-	dhcpInterface       string
-	dhcpInterfaceHwaddr string
-	dhcpInterfaceIP     string
-	dhcpHostname        string
-	dhcpClient          *vip.DHCPClient
-	HasEndpoints        bool
+	IsDHCP              bool
+	DHCPInterface       string
+	DHCPInterfaceHwaddr string
+	DHCPInterfaceIP     string
+	DHCPHostname        string
+	DHCPClient          *vip.DHCPClient

 	// External Gateway IP the service is forwarded from
-	upnpGatewayIPs []string
+	UPNPGatewayIPs []string

 	// Kubernetes service mapping
-	serviceSnapshot *v1.Service
+	ServiceSnapshot *v1.Service
 }

 type Port struct {
@@ -44,9 +50,8 @@ type Port struct {
 	Type string
 }

-func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
-	instanceAddresses := fetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-	//instanceUID := string(svc.UID)
+func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager) (*Instance, error) {
+	instanceAddresses, _ := FetchServiceAddresses(svc)

 	var newVips []*kubevip.Config
 	var link netlink.Link
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 	for _, address := range instanceAddresses {
 		// Detect if we're using a specific interface for services
 		var svcInterface string
-		svcInterface = svc.Annotations[serviceInterface] // If the service has a specific interface defined, then use it
+		svcInterface = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceInterface] // If the service has a specific interface defined, then use it
 		if svcInterface == kubevip.Auto {
 			link, err = autoFindInterface(address)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 			}
 		}

-		cidrs := vip.Split(config.VIPCIDR)
+		cidrs := vip.Split(config.VIPSubnet)

 		ipv4AutoSubnet := false
 		ipv6AutoSubnet := false
@@ -116,14 +121,14 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {

 		subnet := ""
 		var err error
-		if vip.IsIPv4(address) {
+		if utils.IsIPv4(address) {
 			if ipv4AutoSubnet {
 				subnet, err = autoFindSubnet(link, address)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to automatically find subnet for service %s/%s with IP address %s on interface %s: %w", svc.Namespace, svc.Name, address, svcInterface, err)
 				}
 			} else {
-				if cidrs[0] != "" {
+				if cidrs[0] != "" && cidrs[0] != kubevip.Auto {
 					subnet = cidrs[0]
 				} else {
 					subnet = "32"
@@ -136,7 +141,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to automatically find subnet for service %s/%s with IP address %s on interface %s: %w", svc.Namespace, svc.Name, address, svcInterface, err)
 				}
 			} else {
-				if len(cidrs) > 1 {
+				if len(cidrs) > 1 && cidrs[1] != "" && cidrs[1] != kubevip.Auto {
 					subnet = cidrs[1]
 				} else {
 					subnet = "128"
@@ -144,26 +149,24 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 			}
 		}

-		//log.Info("new instance", "svc", *svc, "interface", svcInterface)
-
 		// Generate new Virtual IP configuration
 		newVips = append(newVips, &kubevip.Config{
-			VIP:                    address,
-			Interface:              svcInterface,
-			SingleNode:             true,
-			EnableARP:              config.EnableARP,
-			EnableBGP:              config.EnableBGP,
-			VIPCIDR:                subnet,
-			VIPSubnet:              config.VIPSubnet,
-			EnableRoutingTable:     config.EnableRoutingTable,
-			RoutingTableID:         config.RoutingTableID,
-			RoutingTableType:       config.RoutingTableType,
-			RoutingProtocol:        config.RoutingProtocol,
-			ArpBroadcastRate:       config.ArpBroadcastRate,
-			EnableServiceSecurity:  config.EnableServiceSecurity,
-			DNSMode:                config.DNSMode,
-			DisableServiceUpdates:  config.DisableServiceUpdates,
-			EnableServicesElection: config.EnableServicesElection,
+			VIP:                         address,
+			Interface:                   svcInterface,
+			SingleNode:                  true,
+			EnableARP:                   config.EnableARP,
+			EnableBGP:                   config.EnableBGP,
+			VIPSubnet:                   subnet,
+			EnableRoutingTable:          config.EnableRoutingTable,
+			RoutingTableID:              config.RoutingTableID,
+			RoutingTableType:            config.RoutingTableType,
+			RoutingProtocol:             config.RoutingProtocol,
+			ArpBroadcastRate:            config.ArpBroadcastRate,
+			EnableServiceSecurity:       config.EnableServiceSecurity,
+			DNSMode:                     config.DNSMode,
+			DisableServiceUpdates:       config.DisableServiceUpdates,
+			EnableServicesElection:      config.EnableServicesElection,
+			PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss: config.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss,
 			KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
 				EnableLeaderElection: config.EnableLeaderElection,
 			},
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 	instance := &Instance{
 		//UID:             instanceUID,
 		//VIPs:            instanceAddresses,
-		serviceSnapshot: svc,
+		ServiceSnapshot: svc,
 	}
 	// for _, port := range svc.Spec.Ports {
 	// 	instance.ExternalPorts = append(instance.ExternalPorts, Port{
@@ -184,9 +187,9 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 	// }

 	if svc.Annotations != nil {
-		instance.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr = svc.Annotations[hwAddrKey]
-		instance.dhcpInterfaceIP = svc.Annotations[requestedIP]
-		instance.dhcpHostname = svc.Annotations[loadbalancerHostname]
+		instance.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr = svc.Annotations[kubevip.HwAddrKey]
+		instance.DHCPInterfaceIP = svc.Annotations[kubevip.RequestedIP]
+		instance.DHCPHostname = svc.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerHostname]
 	}

 	configPorts := make([]kubevip.Port, 0)
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 		vip.LoadBalancers = append(vip.LoadBalancers, newLB)
 	}
 	// Create Add configuration to the new service
-	instance.vipConfigs = newVips
+	instance.VIPConfigs = newVips

 	// If this was purposely created with the address 0.0.0.0,
 	// we will create a macvlan on the main interface and a DHCP client
@@ -218,18 +221,18 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		select {
-		case err := <-instance.dhcpClient.ErrorChannel():
+		case err := <-instance.DHCPClient.ErrorChannel():
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting DHCP for %s/%s: error: %s",
-				instance.serviceSnapshot.Namespace, instance.serviceSnapshot.Name, err)
-		case ip := <-instance.dhcpClient.IPChannel():
-			instance.vipConfigs[0].Interface = instance.dhcpInterface
-			instance.vipConfigs[0].VIP = ip
-			instance.dhcpInterfaceIP = ip
+				instance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, instance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, err)
+		case ip := <-instance.DHCPClient.IPChannel():
+			instance.VIPConfigs[0].Interface = instance.DHCPInterface
+			instance.VIPConfigs[0].VIP = ip
+			instance.DHCPInterfaceIP = ip
 		}
 	}

-	for _, vipConfig := range instance.vipConfigs {
-		c, err := cluster.InitCluster(vipConfig, false)
+	for _, vipConfig := range instance.VIPConfigs {
+		c, err := cluster.InitCluster(vipConfig, false, intfMgr, arpMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("Failed to add Service %s/%s", svc.Namespace, svc.Name)
 			return nil, err
@@ -239,9 +242,8 @@ func NewInstance(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) (*Instance, error) {
 			c.Network[i].SetServicePorts(svc)
 		}

-		instance.clusters = append(instance.clusters, c)
+		instance.Clusters = append(instance.Clusters, c)
 		log.Info("(svcs) adding VIP", "ip", vipConfig.VIP, "interface", vipConfig.Interface, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
-
 	}

 	return instance, nil
@@ -305,24 +307,24 @@ func getAutoInterfaceName(link netlink.Link, defaultInterface string) string {
 }

 func (i *Instance) startDHCP() error {
-	if len(i.vipConfigs) != 1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("DHCP requires exactly 1 VIP config, got: %v", len(i.vipConfigs))
+	if len(i.VIPConfigs) != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("DHCP requires exactly 1 VIP config, got: %v", len(i.VIPConfigs))
 	}
-	parent, err := netlink.LinkByName(i.vipConfigs[0].Interface)
+	parent, err := netlink.LinkByName(i.VIPConfigs[0].Interface)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error finding VIP Interface, for building DHCP Link : %v", err)
 	}

 	// Generate name from UID
-	interfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("vip-%s", i.serviceSnapshot.UID[0:8])
+	interfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("vip-%s", i.ServiceSnapshot.UID[0:8])

 	// Check if the interface doesn't exist first
 	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(interfaceName)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Info("creating new macvlan interface for DHCP", "interface", interfaceName)

-		hwaddr, err := net.ParseMAC(i.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr)
-		if i.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr != "" && err != nil {
+		hwaddr, err := net.ParseMAC(i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr)
+		if i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr != "" && err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else if hwaddr == nil {
 			hwaddr, err = net.ParseMAC(vip.GenerateMac())
@@ -359,28 +361,156 @@ func (i *Instance) startDHCP() error {
 		log.Info("Using existing macvlan interface for DHCP", "interface", interfaceName)
 	}

+	// Default rp_filter setting (https://github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/issues/1170)
+	rpfilterSetting := "0"
+
+	// Check if we need to set an override rp_filter value for the interface
+	if i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter] != "" {
+		// Check the rp_filter value
+		rpFilter, err := strconv.Atoi(i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter])
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("[DHCP] unable to process rp_filter", "value", rpFilter)
+		} else {
+			if rpFilter >= 0 && rpFilter < 3 { // Ensure the value is 0,1,2
+				rpfilterSetting = i.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.RPFilter]
+			} else {
+				slog.Error("[DHCP] rp_filter value not within range 0-2", "value", rpFilter)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = sysctl.WriteProcSys("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/"+interfaceName+"/rp_filter", rpfilterSetting)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("[DHCP] unable to write rp_filter", "value", rpfilterSetting, "err", err)
+	}
 	var initRebootFlag bool
-	if i.dhcpInterfaceIP != "" {
+	if i.DHCPInterfaceIP != "" {
 		initRebootFlag = true
 	}

-	client := vip.NewDHCPClient(iface, initRebootFlag, i.dhcpInterfaceIP)
+	client := vip.NewDHCPClient(iface, initRebootFlag, i.DHCPInterfaceIP)

 	// Add hostname to dhcp client if annotated
-	if i.dhcpHostname != "" {
-		log.Info("Hostname specified for dhcp lease", "interface", interfaceName, "hostname", i.dhcpHostname)
-		client.WithHostName(i.dhcpHostname)
+	if i.DHCPHostname != "" {
+		log.Info("Hostname specified for dhcp lease", "interface", interfaceName, "hostname", i.DHCPHostname)
+		client.WithHostName(i.DHCPHostname)
 	}

 	go client.Start()

 	// Set that DHCP is enabled
-	i.isDHCP = true
+	i.IsDHCP = true
 	// Set the name of the interface so that it can be removed on Service deletion
-	i.dhcpInterface = interfaceName
-	i.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr = iface.HardwareAddr.String()
+	i.DHCPInterface = interfaceName
+	i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr = iface.HardwareAddr.String()
 	// Add the client so that we can call it to stop function
-	i.dhcpClient = client
+	i.DHCPClient = client

 	return nil
 }
+
+// FetchLoadBalancerIngressAddresses tries to get the addresses from status.loadBalancerIP
+func FetchLoadBalancerIngress(s *v1.Service) ([]string, []string) {
+	// If the service has no status, return empty
+	lbStatusAddresses := []string{}
+	lbStatusHostnames := []string{}
+	if len(s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) == 0 {
+		return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
+	}
+
+	for _, ingress := range s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
+		if ingress.IP != "" {
+			lbStatusAddresses = append(lbStatusAddresses, ingress.IP)
+		}
+		if ingress.Hostname != "" {
+			lbStatusHostnames = append(lbStatusHostnames, ingress.Hostname)
+		}
+	}
+	return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
+}
+
+// FetchServiceAddresses tries to get the addresses from annotations
+// kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs, then from spec.loadbalancerIP
+func FetchServiceAddresses(s *v1.Service) ([]string, []string) {
+	annotationAvailable := false
+	if s.Annotations != nil {
+
+		if v, annotationAvailable := s.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerIPAnnotation]; annotationAvailable {
+			ips := strings.Split(v, ",")
+			var trimmedIPs []string
+			var trimmedHostnames []string
+			for _, a := range ips {
+				a = strings.TrimSpace(a)
+				ip := net.ParseIP(a)
+				if ip == nil {
+					// this is probably a DNS name
+					trimmedHostnames = append(trimmedHostnames, a)
+				} else {
+					trimmedIPs = append(trimmedIPs, ip.String())
+				}
+			}
+			return trimmedIPs, trimmedHostnames
+		}
+	}
+
+	lbStatusAddresses := []string{}
+	lbStatusHostnames := []string{}
+	if !annotationAvailable {
+		lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames = FetchLoadBalancerIngress(s)
+	}
+
+	// Spec.LoadBalancerIP legacy handling
+	// if the loadBalancerIP is different from Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress IPs
+	// return the legacy LB as spec wins over status.
+	if lbIP := net.ParseIP(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP); lbIP != nil && len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 {
+		isLbIPv4 := utils.IsIPv4(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
+		for _, a := range lbStatusAddresses {
+			if lbStatusIP := net.ParseIP(a); lbStatusIP != nil && utils.IsIPv4(a) == isLbIPv4 && !lbIP.Equal(lbStatusIP) {
+				return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}, []string{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 || len(lbStatusHostnames) > 0 {
+		return lbStatusAddresses, lbStatusHostnames
+	}
+
+	if s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP != "" {
+		return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}, []string{}
+	}
+
+	return []string{}, []string{}
+}
+
+func FindServiceInstance(svc *v1.Service, instances []*Instance) *Instance {
+	log.Debug("finding service", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "UID", svc.UID)
+	for i := range instances {
+		log.Debug("saved service", "instance", i, "UID", instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID)
+		if instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
+			return instances[i]
+		}
+	}
+	log.Debug("instance not found", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "UID", svc.UID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func FindServiceInstanceWithTimeout(svc *v1.Service, instances []*Instance) *Instance {
+	log.Debug("finding service with timeout", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "UID", svc.UID)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Millisecond * 200)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	to := time.NewTimer(time.Second * 60)
+	defer to.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-to.C:
+			return nil
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			for i := range instances {
+				log.Debug("saved service", "instance", i, "UID", instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID)
+				if instances[i].ServiceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
+					return instances[i]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/kubevip/annotations.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/annotations.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package kubevip
+
+const (
+	// Hardware address of the host that has the VIP
+	HwAddrKey = "kube-vip.io/hwaddr"
+
+	// The IP address that is requested
+	RequestedIP = "kube-vip.io/requestedIP"
+
+	// The host that has the VIP
+	VipHost = "kube-vip.io/vipHost"
+
+	// Enable Egress on a service
+	Egress = "kube-vip.io/egress"
+
+	// Enable internal Egress
+	EgressInternal = "kube-vip.io/egress-internal"
+
+	// Egress should be IPv6
+	EgressIPv6 = "kube-vip.io/egress-ipv6"
+
+	// Ports that traffic is allowed to access from the egress VIP
+	EgressDestinationPorts = "kube-vip.io/egress-destination-ports"
+
+	// Allowed incoming ports to the VIP
+	EgressSourcePorts = "kube-vip.io/egress-source-ports"
+
+	// Allowed networks for the Egress to be enabled for
+	EgressAllowedNetworks = "kube-vip.io/egress-allowed-networks"
+
+	// Networks that we wont Egress for
+	EgressDeniedNetworks = "kube-vip.io/egress-denied-networks"
+
+	// The current active endpoint(pod) for the Egress VIP
+	ActiveEndpoint = "kube-vip.io/active-endpoint"
+
+	// The current active endpoint(pod) for the Egress VIP (v6)
+	ActiveEndpointIPv6 = "kube-vip.io/active-endpoint-ipv6"
+
+	// Flush the conntrack rules (remove existing sessions) once Egress is configured
+	FlushContrack = "kube-vip.io/flush-conntrack"
+
+	// Configure LoadBalancer IPs instead of relying on a controller
+	LoadbalancerIPAnnotation = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs"
+
+	// Ignore the LoadBalancer Service
+	LoadbalancerIgnore = "kube-vip.io/ignore"
+
+	// Used to configure DHCP with a Hostname
+	LoadbalancerHostname = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerHostname"
+
+	// Define an interface name to bind the address of the LoadBalancer to
+	ServiceInterface = "kube-vip.io/serviceInterface"
+
+	ServiceSecurityIgnore = "kube-vip.io/ignore-service-security"
+
+	// Enable UPNP on a Service
+	UpnpEnabled = "kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP"
+
+	RPFilter = "kube-vip.io/rp_filter" // Set the return path filter for a specific service interface
+
+	ServiceLease = "kube-vip.io/leaseName"
+)
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_bgp.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_bgp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
+
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+// Peer defines a BGP Peer
+type BGPPeer struct {
+	Address      string
+	Port         uint16
+	AS           uint32
+	Password     string
+	MultiHop     bool
+	MpbgpNexthop string
+	MpbgpIPv4    string
+	MpbgpIPv6    string
+}
+
+// Config defines the BGP server configuration
+type BGPConfig struct {
+	AS           uint32
+	RouterID     string
+	SourceIP     string
+	SourceIF     string
+	MpbgpNexthop string
+	MpbgpIPv4    string
+	MpbgpIPv6    string
+
+	HoldTime          uint64
+	KeepaliveInterval uint64
+
+	Peers []BGPPeer
+
+	Zebra ZebraConfig
+}
+
+// Defines Zebra connection configuration. More on the topic - https://github.com/osrg/gobgp/blob/master/docs/sources/zebra.md#configuration
+type ZebraConfig struct {
+	Enabled      bool
+	URL          string
+	Version      uint32
+	SoftwareName string
+}
+
+// ParseBGPPeerConfig - take a string and parses it into an array of peers
+func ParseBGPPeerConfig(config string) (bgpPeers []BGPPeer, err error) {
+	peers := strings.Split(config, ",")
+	if len(peers) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no BGP Peer configurations found")
+	}
+
+	for x := range peers {
+		peerStr := peers[x]
+		config := strings.Split(peerStr, "/")
+		peerStr = config[0]
+		if peerStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		isV6Peer := peerStr[0] == '['
+
+		address := ""
+		if isV6Peer {
+			addressEndPos := strings.IndexByte(peerStr, ']')
+			if addressEndPos == -1 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("no matching ] found for IPv6 BGP Peer")
+			}
+			address = peerStr[1:addressEndPos]
+			peerStr = peerStr[addressEndPos+1:]
+		}
+
+		peer := strings.Split(peerStr, ":")
+		if len(peer) < 2 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("mandatory peering params <host>:<AS> incomplete")
+		}
+
+		if !isV6Peer {
+			address = peer[0]
+		}
+
+		ASNumber, err := strconv.ParseUint(peer[1], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
+		}
+
+		password := ""
+		if len(peer) >= 3 {
+			password = peer[2]
+		}
+
+		multiHop := false
+		if len(peer) >= 4 {
+			multiHop, err = strconv.ParseBool(peer[3])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP MultiHop format error (true/false) [%s]", peer[1])
+			}
+		}
+
+		var port uint64
+		if len(peer) >= 5 {
+			port, err = strconv.ParseUint(peer[4], 10, 16)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("BGP Peer AS format error [%s]", peer[1])
+			}
+		} else {
+			port = 179
+		}
+
+		var mpbgpNexthop, mpbgpIPv4, mpbgpIPv6 string
+
+		if len(config) > 1 {
+			configData := strings.Split(config[1], ";")
+			for _, cfg := range configData {
+				c := strings.Split(cfg, "=")
+				switch c[0] {
+				case "mpbgp_nexthop":
+					mpbgpNexthop = c[1]
+				case "mpbgp_ipv4":
+					mpbgpIPv4 = c[1]
+				case "mpbgp_ipv6":
+					mpbgpIPv6 = c[1]
+				default:
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("peer configuration parameter '%s' is not supported", c[0])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		peerConfig := BGPPeer{
+			Address:      address,
+			AS:           uint32(ASNumber),
+			Port:         uint16(port),
+			Password:     password,
+			MultiHop:     multiHop,
+			MpbgpNexthop: mpbgpNexthop,
+			MpbgpIPv4:    mpbgpIPv4,
+			MpbgpIPv6:    mpbgpIPv6,
+		}
+
+		bgpPeers = append(bgpPeers, peerConfig)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *BGPPeer) FindMpbgpAddresses(ap *api.Peer, server *BGPConfig) (string, string, error) {
+	var ipv4Address, ipv6Address string
+	switch p.MpbgpNexthop {
+	case "fixed":
+		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
+		if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" && p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("to use MP-BGP with fixed address at least one IPv4 or IPv6 address has to be provided [current - IPv4: %s, IPv6: %s]",
+				p.MpbgpIPv4, p.MpbgpIPv6)
+		}
+
+		if p.MpbgpIPv4 != "" {
+			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv4) == nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv4 address", p.MpbgpIPv4)
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MpbgpIPv6 != "" {
+			if net.ParseIP(p.MpbgpIPv6) == nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("provided address '%s' is not a valid IPv6 address", p.MpbgpIPv6)
+			}
+		}
+
+		ipv4Address = p.MpbgpIPv4
+		ipv6Address = p.MpbgpIPv6
+	case "auto_sourceip":
+		ap.Transport.LocalAddress = server.SourceIP
+
+		// Resolve the local interface by SourceIP
+		iface, err := utils.GetInterfaceByIP(server.SourceIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by IP: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if utils.IsIPv4(server.SourceIP) {
+			// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
+			ipv6Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
+			ipv4Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	case "auto_sourceif":
+		ap.Transport.BindInterface = server.SourceIF
+
+		iface, err := netlink.LinkByName(server.SourceIF)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface by name: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Get the non link-local IPv4 address on that interface
+		ipv4Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv4 address: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Get the non link-local IPv6 address on that interface
+		ipv6Address, err = utils.GetNonLinkLocalIP(&iface, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get non link-local IPv6 address: %v", err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("option %s for MP-BPG nexthop is not supported", server.MpbgpNexthop)
+	}
+
+	return ipv4Address, ipv6Address, nil
+}
+
+func (p *BGPPeer) SetMpbgpOptions(server *BGPConfig) {
+	if p.MpbgpNexthop == "" {
+		p.MpbgpNexthop = server.MpbgpNexthop
+	}
+
+	if p.MpbgpIPv4 == "" {
+		p.MpbgpIPv4 = server.MpbgpIPv4
+	}
+
+	if p.MpbgpIPv6 == "" {
+		p.MpbgpIPv6 = server.MpbgpIPv6
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_environment.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_environment.go
@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"math/bits"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"

-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/detector"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )

 // ParseEnvironment - will popultate the configuration from environment variables
@@ -49,12 +51,6 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.ServicesInterface = env
 	}

-	// Find provider configuration
-	env = os.Getenv(providerConfig)
-	if env != "" {
-		c.ProviderConfig = env
-	}
-
 	// Find Kubernetes Leader Election configuration
 	env = os.Getenv(vipLeaderElection)
 	if env != "" {
@@ -238,12 +234,6 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		}
 	}

-	// Find vip address cidr range
-	env = os.Getenv(vipCidr)
-	if env != "" {
-		c.VIPCIDR = env
-	}
-
 	// Find vip address subnet
 	env = os.Getenv(vipSubnet)
 	if env != "" {
@@ -301,6 +291,21 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.ArpBroadcastRate = 3000
 	}

+	// Determine if VIP should be preserved on leadership loss
+	// true: VIP addresses remain on interface, only ARP/NDP broadcasting stops
+	// false (default): VIP addresses are deleted on leadership loss (legacy behavior)
+	env = os.Getenv(vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss)
+	if env != "" {
+		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss = b
+	} else {
+		// Default to false for backward compatibility
+		c.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss = false
+	}
+
 	// Wireguard Mode
 	env = os.Getenv(vipWireguard)
 	if env != "" {
@@ -433,7 +438,7 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 	// Peer AS
 	env = os.Getenv(bgpPeers)
 	if env != "" {
-		peers, err := bgp.ParseBGPPeerConfig(env)
+		peers, err := ParseBGPPeerConfig(env)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -512,28 +517,32 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.BGPConfig.KeepaliveInterval = u64
 	}

-	// Enable the Equinix Metal API calls
-	env = os.Getenv(vipPacket)
+	env = os.Getenv(zebraEnable)
 	if env != "" {
-		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+		result, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		c.EnableMetal = b
+		c.BGPConfig.Zebra.Enabled = result
 	}

-	// Find the Equinix Metal project name
-	env = os.Getenv(vipPacketProject)
+	env = os.Getenv(zebraURL)
 	if env != "" {
-		// TODO - parse address net.Host()
-		c.MetalProject = env
+		c.BGPConfig.Zebra.URL = env
 	}

-	// Find the Equinix Metal project ID
-	env = os.Getenv(vipPacketProjectID)
+	env = os.Getenv(zebraVersion)
 	if env != "" {
-		// TODO - parse address net.Host()
-		c.MetalProjectID = env
+		u64, err := strconv.ParseUint(env, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.BGPConfig.Zebra.Version = uint32(u64)
+	}
+
+	env = os.Getenv(zebraSoftwareName)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.BGPConfig.Zebra.SoftwareName = env
 	}

 	// Enable the load-balancer
@@ -614,13 +623,13 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.K8sConfigFile = env
 	}

-	env = os.Getenv(enableEndpointSlices)
+	env = os.Getenv(enableEndpoints)
 	if env != "" {
 		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		c.EnableEndpointSlices = b
+		c.EnableEndpoints = b
 	}

 	env = os.Getenv(mirrorDestInterface)
@@ -654,5 +663,305 @@ func ParseEnvironment(c *Config) error {
 		c.HealthCheckPort = int(i)
 	}

+	env = os.Getenv(enableUPNP)
+	if env != "" {
+		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.EnableUPNP = b
+	}
+
+	if env = os.Getenv(egressClean); env == "" {
+		env = os.Getenv(strings.ToUpper(egressClean))
+	}
+	if env != "" {
+		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.EgressClean = b
+	}
+
+	// check for configuration file path
+	env = os.Getenv(configFile)
+	if env != "" {
+		c.ConfigFile = env
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
+
+// LoadConfigFromFile loads configuration from a JSON or YAML file
+func LoadConfigFromFile(configFilePath string) (*Config, error) {
+	if configFilePath == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config file path is empty")
+	}
+
+	// Check if file exists
+	if _, err := os.Stat(configFilePath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config file does not exist: %s", configFilePath)
+	}
+
+	// Read file content
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+	}
+
+	var config Config
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(configFilePath))
+
+	switch ext {
+	case ".json":
+		err = json.Unmarshal(data, &config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse JSON config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+		}
+	case ".yaml", ".yml":
+		err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse YAML config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported config file format %s. Supported formats: .json, .yaml, .yml", ext)
+	}
+
+	return &config, nil
+}
+
+// MergeConfigFromFile merges configuration loaded from file with existing config
+// Priority: command line flags > environment variables > config file
+func MergeConfigFromFile(c *Config, configFilePath string) error {
+	if configFilePath == "" {
+		return nil // No config file specified, nothing to merge
+	}
+
+	fileConfig, err := LoadConfigFromFile(configFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Merge file config with existing config
+	// Only set values from file if they haven't been set by flags or env vars
+	mergeConfigValues(c, fileConfig)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mergeConfigValues merges values from fileConfig into baseConfig
+// Only overwrites zero values in baseConfig
+func mergeConfigValues(baseConfig, fileConfig *Config) {
+	// Basic configuration
+	if baseConfig.Logging == 0 && fileConfig.Logging != 0 {
+		baseConfig.Logging = fileConfig.Logging
+	}
+
+	// Network configuration
+	if baseConfig.Interface == "" && fileConfig.Interface != "" {
+		baseConfig.Interface = fileConfig.Interface
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServicesInterface == "" && fileConfig.ServicesInterface != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServicesInterface = fileConfig.ServicesInterface
+	}
+	if baseConfig.VIP == "" && fileConfig.VIP != "" {
+		baseConfig.VIP = fileConfig.VIP
+	}
+	if baseConfig.VIPSubnet == "" && fileConfig.VIPSubnet != "" {
+		baseConfig.VIPSubnet = fileConfig.VIPSubnet
+	}
+	if baseConfig.Address == "" && fileConfig.Address != "" {
+		baseConfig.Address = fileConfig.Address
+	}
+	if baseConfig.Port == 0 && fileConfig.Port != 0 {
+		baseConfig.Port = fileConfig.Port
+	}
+	if baseConfig.NodeName == "" && fileConfig.NodeName != "" {
+		baseConfig.NodeName = fileConfig.NodeName
+	}
+
+	// Boolean flags - only merge if not explicitly set
+	if !baseConfig.EnableARP && fileConfig.EnableARP {
+		baseConfig.EnableARP = fileConfig.EnableARP
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableBGP && fileConfig.EnableBGP {
+		baseConfig.EnableBGP = fileConfig.EnableBGP
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableWireguard && fileConfig.EnableWireguard {
+		baseConfig.EnableWireguard = fileConfig.EnableWireguard
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableRoutingTable && fileConfig.EnableRoutingTable {
+		baseConfig.EnableRoutingTable = fileConfig.EnableRoutingTable
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableControlPlane && fileConfig.EnableControlPlane {
+		baseConfig.EnableControlPlane = fileConfig.EnableControlPlane
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.DetectControlPlane && fileConfig.DetectControlPlane {
+		baseConfig.DetectControlPlane = fileConfig.DetectControlPlane
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableServices && fileConfig.EnableServices {
+		baseConfig.EnableServices = fileConfig.EnableServices
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableServicesElection && fileConfig.EnableServicesElection {
+		baseConfig.EnableServicesElection = fileConfig.EnableServicesElection
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableNodeLabeling && fileConfig.EnableNodeLabeling {
+		baseConfig.EnableNodeLabeling = fileConfig.EnableNodeLabeling
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.EnableLoadBalancer && fileConfig.EnableLoadBalancer {
+		baseConfig.EnableLoadBalancer = fileConfig.EnableLoadBalancer
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.DDNS && fileConfig.DDNS {
+		baseConfig.DDNS = fileConfig.DDNS
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.SingleNode && fileConfig.SingleNode {
+		baseConfig.SingleNode = fileConfig.SingleNode
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.StartAsLeader && fileConfig.StartAsLeader {
+		baseConfig.StartAsLeader = fileConfig.StartAsLeader
+	}
+	if !baseConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss && fileConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss {
+		baseConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss = fileConfig.PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss
+	}
+
+	// Service configuration
+	if baseConfig.Namespace == "" && fileConfig.Namespace != "" {
+		baseConfig.Namespace = fileConfig.Namespace
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServiceNamespace == "" && fileConfig.ServiceNamespace != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServiceNamespace = fileConfig.ServiceNamespace
+	}
+	if baseConfig.ServicesLeaseName == "" && fileConfig.ServicesLeaseName != "" {
+		baseConfig.ServicesLeaseName = fileConfig.ServicesLeaseName
+	}
+
+	// LoadBalancer configuration
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerPort == 0 && fileConfig.LoadBalancerPort != 0 {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerPort = fileConfig.LoadBalancerPort
+	}
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod == "" && fileConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod != "" {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod = fileConfig.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod
+	}
+	if baseConfig.LoadBalancerClassName == "" && fileConfig.LoadBalancerClassName != "" {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancerClassName = fileConfig.LoadBalancerClassName
+	}
+
+	// Routing Table configuration
+	if baseConfig.RoutingTableID == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingTableID != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingTableID = fileConfig.RoutingTableID
+	}
+	if baseConfig.RoutingTableType == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingTableType != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingTableType = fileConfig.RoutingTableType
+	}
+	if baseConfig.RoutingProtocol == 0 && fileConfig.RoutingProtocol != 0 {
+		baseConfig.RoutingProtocol = fileConfig.RoutingProtocol
+	}
+
+	// BGP configuration
+	mergeBGPConfig(&baseConfig.BGPConfig, &fileConfig.BGPConfig)
+
+	// Kubernetes configuration
+	if baseConfig.K8sConfigFile == "" && fileConfig.K8sConfigFile != "" {
+		baseConfig.K8sConfigFile = fileConfig.K8sConfigFile
+	}
+
+	// Leader Election configuration
+	mergeLeaderElectionConfig(&baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection, &fileConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection)
+
+	// Prometheus configuration
+	if baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer == "" && fileConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer != "" {
+		baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer = fileConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer
+	}
+
+	// DNS configuration
+	if baseConfig.DNSMode == "" && fileConfig.DNSMode != "" {
+		baseConfig.DNSMode = fileConfig.DNSMode
+	}
+
+	// Health check configuration
+	if baseConfig.HealthCheckPort == 0 && fileConfig.HealthCheckPort != 0 {
+		baseConfig.HealthCheckPort = fileConfig.HealthCheckPort
+	}
+
+	// Egress configuration
+	if baseConfig.EgressPodCidr == "" && fileConfig.EgressPodCidr != "" {
+		baseConfig.EgressPodCidr = fileConfig.EgressPodCidr
+	}
+	if baseConfig.EgressServiceCidr == "" && fileConfig.EgressServiceCidr != "" {
+		baseConfig.EgressServiceCidr = fileConfig.EgressServiceCidr
+	}
+
+	// Mirror configuration
+	if baseConfig.MirrorDestInterface == "" && fileConfig.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
+		baseConfig.MirrorDestInterface = fileConfig.MirrorDestInterface
+	}
+
+	// Iptables configuration
+	if baseConfig.IptablesBackend == "" && fileConfig.IptablesBackend != "" {
+		baseConfig.IptablesBackend = fileConfig.IptablesBackend
+	}
+
+	// Backend health check interval
+	if baseConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval == 0 && fileConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval != 0 {
+		baseConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval = fileConfig.BackendHealthCheckInterval
+	}
+
+	// ARP broadcast rate
+	if baseConfig.ArpBroadcastRate == 0 && fileConfig.ArpBroadcastRate != 0 {
+		baseConfig.ArpBroadcastRate = fileConfig.ArpBroadcastRate
+	}
+
+	// Annotations
+	if baseConfig.Annotations == "" && fileConfig.Annotations != "" {
+		baseConfig.Annotations = fileConfig.Annotations
+	}
+
+	// Load balancers slice
+	if len(baseConfig.LoadBalancers) == 0 && len(fileConfig.LoadBalancers) > 0 {
+		baseConfig.LoadBalancers = fileConfig.LoadBalancers
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeBGPConfig merges BGP configuration
+func mergeBGPConfig(base, file *BGPConfig) {
+	if base.RouterID == "" && file.RouterID != "" {
+		base.RouterID = file.RouterID
+	}
+	if base.AS == 0 && file.AS != 0 {
+		base.AS = file.AS
+	}
+	if base.SourceIF == "" && file.SourceIF != "" {
+		base.SourceIF = file.SourceIF
+	}
+	if base.SourceIP == "" && file.SourceIP != "" {
+		base.SourceIP = file.SourceIP
+	}
+	if base.HoldTime == 0 && file.HoldTime != 0 {
+		base.HoldTime = file.HoldTime
+	}
+	if base.KeepaliveInterval == 0 && file.KeepaliveInterval != 0 {
+		base.KeepaliveInterval = file.KeepaliveInterval
+	}
+	if len(base.Peers) == 0 && len(file.Peers) > 0 {
+		base.Peers = file.Peers
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeLeaderElectionConfig merges leader election configuration
+func mergeLeaderElectionConfig(base, file *KubernetesLeaderElection) {
+	if base.LeaseName == "" && file.LeaseName != "" {
+		base.LeaseName = file.LeaseName
+	}
+	if base.LeaseDuration == 0 && file.LeaseDuration != 0 {
+		base.LeaseDuration = file.LeaseDuration
+	}
+	if base.RenewDeadline == 0 && file.RenewDeadline != 0 {
+		base.RenewDeadline = file.RenewDeadline
+	}
+	if base.RetryPeriod == 0 && file.RetryPeriod != 0 {
+		base.RetryPeriod = file.RetryPeriod
+	}
+	if len(base.LeaseAnnotations) == 0 && len(file.LeaseAnnotations) > 0 {
+		base.LeaseAnnotations = file.LeaseAnnotations
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_envvar.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_envvar.go
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ const (
 	// vip_arpRate - defines the rate of gARP broadcasts
 	vipArpRate = "vip_arpRate"

+	// vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss - if true, VIP addresses will remain on interface when leadership is lost
+	vipPreserveOnLeadershipLoss = "vip_preserve_on_leadership_loss"
+
 	// vipLeaderElection - defines if the kubernetes algorithm should be used
 	vipLeaderElection = "vip_leaderelection"

@@ -39,9 +42,6 @@ const (
 	// vipServicesInterface - defines the interface that the service vips should bind too
 	vipServicesInterface = "vip_servicesinterface"

-	// vipCidr - defines the cidr that the vip will use (for BGP)
-	vipCidr = "vip_cidr"
-
 	// vipSubnet - defines the subnet that the vip will use
 	vipSubnet = "vip_subnet"

@@ -86,18 +86,6 @@ const (
 	// vipStartLeader - will start this instance as the leader of the cluster
 	vipStartLeader = "vip_startleader"

-	// vipPacket defines that the packet API will be used for EIP
-	vipPacket = "vip_packet"
-
-	// vipPacketProject defines which project within Packet to use
-	vipPacketProject = "vip_packetproject"
-
-	// vipPacketProjectID defines which projectID within Packet to use
-	vipPacketProjectID = "vip_packetprojectid"
-
-	// providerConfig defines a path to a configuration that should be parsed
-	providerConfig = "provider_config"
-
 	// bgpEnable defines if BGP should be enabled
 	bgpEnable = "bgp_enable"
 	// bgpRouterID defines the routerID for the BGP server
@@ -125,6 +113,15 @@ const (
 	// bgpKeepaliveInterval defines bgp timers keepalive interval
 	bgpKeepaliveInterval = "bgp_keepalive_interval"

+	// zebraEnable defines if Zebra integraton should be enabled
+	zebraEnable = "zebra_enable"
+	// zebraUrl specifies path to the unix domain socket for connecting to Zebra daemon
+	zebraURL = "zebra_url"
+	// zebraVersion specifies Zebra API Version
+	zebraVersion = "zebra_version"
+	// zebraSoftwareName specifies Software Name for Zebra
+	zebraSoftwareName = "zebra_software_name"
+
 	// mpbgpNexthop defines MPBGP mode
 	mpbgpNexthop = "mpbgp_nexthop"
 	// mpbgpIPv4 defines fixed IPv4 to be used with MPBGP
@@ -218,8 +215,8 @@ const (
 	// disableServiceUpdates disables service updating
 	disableServiceUpdates = "disable_service_updates"

-	// enableEndpointSlices enables use of EndpointSlices instead of Endpoints
-	enableEndpointSlices = "enable_endpointslices"
+	// enableEndpoints enables use of Endpoints instead of EndpointSlices
+	enableEndpoints = "enable_endpoints"

 	// mirrorDestInterface is the network interface where all traffics that go through service interface
 	// will be mirrored to. The source interface is ServicesInterface by default, fall back to Interface if not set.
@@ -234,4 +231,13 @@ const (

 	// healthCheckPort, if set to non-zero will be the port the health check will listen on
 	healthCheckPort = "health_check_port"
+
+	// enableUPNP enables UPNP functions
+	enableUPNP = "enable_upnp"
+
+	// egressClean enables egress cleaning on kube-vip's start
+	egressClean = "egress_clean"
+
+	// configFile defines the path to a JSON/YAML configuration file
+	configFile = "config_file"
 )
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_file_test.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_file_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+package kubevip
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLoadConfigFromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "kube-vip-config-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		filename       string
+		content        string
+		expectedConfig *Config
+		wantErr        bool
+		errContains    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Valid YAML config",
+			filename: "config.yaml",
+			content: `
+logging: 2
+enableARP: true
+enableControlPlane: true
+enableServices: true
+address: "192.168.1.100"
+port: 6443
+interface: "eth0"
+namespace: "kube-system"
+vipSubnet: "192.168.1.0/24"
+leaseName: "test-lease"
+leaseDuration: 15
+renewDeadline: 10
+retryPeriod: 2
+prometheusHTTPServer: ":2112"
+`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:              2,
+				EnableARP:            true,
+				EnableControlPlane:   true,
+				EnableServices:       true,
+				Address:              "192.168.1.100",
+				Port:                 6443,
+				Interface:            "eth0",
+				Namespace:            "kube-system",
+				VIPSubnet:            "192.168.1.0/24",
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":2112",
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "test-lease",
+					LeaseDuration: 15,
+					RenewDeadline: 10,
+					RetryPeriod:   2,
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Valid JSON config",
+			filename: "config.json",
+			content: `{
+  "logging": 3,
+  "enableBGP": true,
+  "enableServices": true,
+  "address": "10.0.0.100",
+  "port": 8443,
+  "interface": "ens192",
+  "namespace": "kube-system",
+  "loadBalancers": [
+    {
+      "name": "control-plane",
+      "ports": [
+        {
+          "type": "TCP",
+          "port": 6443
+        }
+      ],
+      "bindToVip": true,
+      "forwardingMethod": "local"
+    }
+  ]
+}`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:        3,
+				EnableBGP:      true,
+				EnableServices: true,
+				Address:        "10.0.0.100",
+				Port:           8443,
+				Interface:      "ens192",
+				Namespace:      "kube-system",
+				LoadBalancers: []LoadBalancer{
+					{
+						Name: "control-plane",
+						Ports: []Port{
+							{
+								Type: "TCP",
+								Port: 6443,
+							},
+						},
+						BindToVip:        true,
+						ForwardingMethod: "local",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Complex BGP config",
+			filename: "bgp-config.yaml",
+			content: `
+enableBGP: true
+bgpConfig:
+  routerID: "192.168.1.1"
+  as: 65000
+  sourceIF: "eth0"
+  holdTime: 60
+  keepaliveInterval: 20
+  peers:
+    - address: "192.168.1.2"
+      as: 65001
+      port: 179
+      multiHop: false
+    - address: "192.168.1.3"
+      as: 65002
+      port: 179
+      multiHop: true
+`,
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				EnableBGP: true,
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "192.168.1.1",
+					AS:                65000,
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",
+					HoldTime:          60,
+					KeepaliveInterval: 20,
+					Peers: []BGPPeer{
+						{
+							Address:  "192.168.1.2",
+							AS:       65001,
+							Port:     179,
+							MultiHop: false,
+						},
+						{
+							Address:  "192.168.1.3",
+							AS:       65002,
+							Port:     179,
+							MultiHop: true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid JSON",
+			filename:    "invalid.json",
+			content:     `{"logging": 2, "invalid": }`,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "failed to parse JSON config file",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid YAML",
+			filename:    "invalid.yaml",
+			content:     "logging: 2\ninvalid: [unclosed",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "failed to parse YAML config file",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Unsupported format",
+			filename:    "config.txt",
+			content:     "logging=2",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "unsupported config file format",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Empty path",
+			filename:    "",
+			content:     "",
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errContains: "config file path is empty",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var filePath string
+			if tt.filename != "" {
+				filePath = filepath.Join(tmpDir, tt.filename)
+				if err := os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(tt.content), 0600); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to write test file: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			config, err := LoadConfigFromFile(filePath)
+
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() expected error, got nil")
+					return
+				}
+				if tt.errContains != "" && !containsString(err.Error(), tt.errContains) {
+					t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() error = %v, expected to contain %v", err, tt.errContains)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			if config == nil {
+				t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() returned nil config")
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Compare key fields
+			if config.Logging != tt.expectedConfig.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", config.Logging, tt.expectedConfig.Logging)
+			}
+			if config.EnableARP != tt.expectedConfig.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", config.EnableARP, tt.expectedConfig.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if config.EnableBGP != tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableBGP = %v, expected %v", config.EnableBGP, tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP)
+			}
+			if config.Address != tt.expectedConfig.Address {
+				t.Errorf("Address = %v, expected %v", config.Address, tt.expectedConfig.Address)
+			}
+			if config.Port != tt.expectedConfig.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", config.Port, tt.expectedConfig.Port)
+			}
+			if config.Interface != tt.expectedConfig.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", config.Interface, tt.expectedConfig.Interface)
+			}
+
+			// Test BGP config if present
+			if tt.expectedConfig.EnableBGP {
+				if config.BGPConfig.RouterID != tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.RouterID = %v, expected %v", config.BGPConfig.RouterID, tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+				}
+				if config.BGPConfig.AS != tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.AS {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.AS = %v, expected %v", config.BGPConfig.AS, tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.AS)
+				}
+				if len(config.BGPConfig.Peers) != len(tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.Peers) {
+					t.Errorf("BGPConfig.Peers length = %v, expected %v", len(config.BGPConfig.Peers), len(tt.expectedConfig.BGPConfig.Peers))
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Test LoadBalancers if present
+			if len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers) > 0 {
+				if len(config.LoadBalancers) != len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers) {
+					t.Errorf("LoadBalancers length = %v, expected %v", len(config.LoadBalancers), len(tt.expectedConfig.LoadBalancers))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeConfigFromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "kube-vip-merge-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	// Create test config file
+	configFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test-config.yaml")
+	configContent := `
+logging: 3
+enableARP: true
+enableServices: true
+address: "192.168.1.200"
+port: 6443
+interface: "eth1"
+namespace: "test-namespace"
+leaseName: "file-lease"
+leaseDuration: 20
+prometheusHTTPServer: ":3000"
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(configContent), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write test config file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		baseConfig     *Config
+		configFilePath string
+		expected       *Config
+		wantErr        bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Merge with empty base config",
+			baseConfig:     &Config{},
+			configFilePath: configFile,
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging:              3,
+				EnableARP:            true,
+				EnableServices:       true,
+				Address:              "192.168.1.200",
+				Port:                 6443,
+				Interface:            "eth1",
+				Namespace:            "test-namespace",
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":3000",
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease",
+					LeaseDuration: 20,
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge respects existing values (priority test)",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:   5,      // Should not be overridden
+				Port:      8443,   // Should not be overridden
+				Interface: "eth0", // Should not be overridden
+			},
+			configFilePath: configFile,
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging:              5,                // From base (higher priority)
+				EnableARP:            true,             // From file
+				EnableServices:       true,             // From file
+				Address:              "192.168.1.200",  // From file
+				Port:                 8443,             // From base (higher priority)
+				Interface:            "eth0",           // From base (higher priority)
+				Namespace:            "test-namespace", // From file
+				PrometheusHTTPServer: ":3000",          // From file
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease", // From file
+					LeaseDuration: 20,           // From file
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty config file path",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			configFilePath: "",
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging: 1, // Unchanged
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Non-existent config file",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			configFilePath: "/non/existent/file.yaml",
+			expected: &Config{
+				Logging: 1,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := MergeConfigFromFile(tt.baseConfig, tt.configFilePath)
+
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("MergeConfigFromFile() expected error, got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("MergeConfigFromFile() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Compare key fields
+			if tt.baseConfig.Logging != tt.expected.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Logging, tt.expected.Logging)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableARP != tt.expected.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableARP, tt.expected.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Address != tt.expected.Address {
+				t.Errorf("Address = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Address, tt.expected.Address)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Port != tt.expected.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Port, tt.expected.Port)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Interface != tt.expected.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Interface, tt.expected.Interface)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Namespace != tt.expected.Namespace {
+				t.Errorf("Namespace = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Namespace, tt.expected.Namespace)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer != tt.expected.PrometheusHTTPServer {
+				t.Errorf("PrometheusHTTPServer = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.PrometheusHTTPServer, tt.expected.PrometheusHTTPServer)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		baseConfig   *Config
+		fileConfig   *Config
+		expectedBase *Config
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Merge basic configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				Logging: 5, // Should not be overridden
+				Port:    0, // Should be overridden
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				Logging:   2,
+				Port:      6443,
+				Interface: "eth0",
+				Address:   "192.168.1.100",
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				Logging:   5,               // From base (non-zero)
+				Port:      6443,            // From file (base was zero)
+				Interface: "eth0",          // From file (base was empty)
+				Address:   "192.168.1.100", // From file (base was empty)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge boolean flags",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				EnableARP: true, // Should not be overridden
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				EnableARP:       false, // Should not override true
+				EnableBGP:       true,  // Should be set
+				EnableServices:  true,  // Should be set
+				EnableWireguard: false, // Should not be set (false doesn't override false)
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				EnableARP:       true,  // From base (true has priority)
+				EnableBGP:       true,  // From file
+				EnableServices:  true,  // From file
+				EnableWireguard: false, // Remains false
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge BGP configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID: "1.1.1.1", // Should not be overridden
+				},
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "2.2.2.2", // Should not override
+					AS:                65000,     // Should be set
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",    // Should be set
+					HoldTime:          30,        // Should be set
+					KeepaliveInterval: 10,        // Should be set
+				},
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				BGPConfig: BGPConfig{
+					RouterID:          "1.1.1.1", // From base (non-empty)
+					AS:                65000,     // From file (base was zero)
+					SourceIF:          "eth0",    // From file (base was empty)
+					HoldTime:          30,        // From file (base was zero)
+					KeepaliveInterval: 10,        // From file (base was zero)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Merge leader election configuration",
+			baseConfig: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName: "base-lease", // Should not be overridden
+				},
+			},
+			fileConfig: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "file-lease", // Should not override
+					LeaseDuration: 15,           // Should be set
+					RenewDeadline: 10,           // Should be set
+					RetryPeriod:   2,            // Should be set
+				},
+			},
+			expectedBase: &Config{
+				KubernetesLeaderElection: KubernetesLeaderElection{
+					LeaseName:     "base-lease", // From base (non-empty)
+					LeaseDuration: 15,           // From file (base was zero)
+					RenewDeadline: 10,           // From file (base was zero)
+					RetryPeriod:   2,            // From file (base was zero)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mergeConfigValues(tt.baseConfig, tt.fileConfig)
+
+			// Compare results
+			if tt.baseConfig.Logging != tt.expectedBase.Logging {
+				t.Errorf("Logging = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Logging, tt.expectedBase.Logging)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Port != tt.expectedBase.Port {
+				t.Errorf("Port = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Port, tt.expectedBase.Port)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.Interface != tt.expectedBase.Interface {
+				t.Errorf("Interface = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.Interface, tt.expectedBase.Interface)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableARP != tt.expectedBase.EnableARP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableARP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableARP, tt.expectedBase.EnableARP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.EnableBGP != tt.expectedBase.EnableBGP {
+				t.Errorf("EnableBGP = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.EnableBGP, tt.expectedBase.EnableBGP)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID != tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.RouterID {
+				t.Errorf("BGPConfig.RouterID = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.RouterID, tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.AS != tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.AS {
+				t.Errorf("BGPConfig.AS = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.BGPConfig.AS, tt.expectedBase.BGPConfig.AS)
+			}
+			if tt.baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName != tt.expectedBase.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName {
+				t.Errorf("KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName = %v, expected %v", tt.baseConfig.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName, tt.expectedBase.KubernetesLeaderElection.LeaseName)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadConfigFromFile_FileNotExists(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := LoadConfigFromFile("/non/existent/path/config.yaml")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("LoadConfigFromFile() expected error for non-existent file, got nil")
+	}
+	if !containsString(err.Error(), "config file does not exist") {
+		t.Errorf("LoadConfigFromFile() error = %v, expected to contain 'config file does not exist'", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to check if a string contains a substring
+func containsString(str, substr string) bool {
+	return len(str) >= len(substr) && (str == substr || len(substr) == 0 ||
+		(len(substr) > 0 && func() bool {
+			for i := 0; i <= len(str)-len(substr); i++ {
+				if str[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
+		}()))
+}
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_generator.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_generator.go
@@ -2,23 +2,58 @@ package kubevip

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"strconv"

+	"github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/name"
 	appv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	applyCoreV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/core/v1"
 	applyMetaV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/meta/v1"
 	applyRbacV1 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/rbac/v1"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )

+// TransformApplyObjectToManifest transforms an apply object into a normal Kubernetes manifest
+func TransformApplyObjectToManifest(applyObject interface{}) string {
+	// Convert the apply object to an unstructured object
+	unstructuredObj := &unstructured.Unstructured{}
+	err := runtime.DefaultUnstructuredConverter.FromUnstructured(applyConfigToMap(applyObject), unstructuredObj)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error converting apply object to unstructured: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Marshal the unstructured object into YAML
+	yamlData, err := yaml.Marshal(unstructuredObj.Object)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error marshaling unstructured object to YAML: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return string(yamlData)
+}
+
+// Helper function to convert apply configuration to a map
+func applyConfigToMap(applyConfig interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	data, err := runtime.DefaultUnstructuredConverter.ToUnstructured(applyConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error converting apply configuration to map: %v", err)
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
 // GenerateSA will create the service account for kube-vip
-func GenerateSA() *applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountApplyConfiguration {
+func GenerateSA(c *Config) *applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountApplyConfiguration {
 	kind := "ServiceAccount"
 	name := "kube-vip"
-	namespace := "kube-system"
+	var namespace string
+	if c.ServiceNamespace != "" {
+		namespace = c.ServiceNamespace
+	} else {
+		namespace = metav1.NamespaceSystem
+	}
 	newManifest := &applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountApplyConfiguration{
 		TypeMetaApplyConfiguration: applyMetaV1.TypeMetaApplyConfiguration{APIVersion: &corev1.SchemeGroupVersion.Version, Kind: &kind},
 		ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration: &applyMetaV1.ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration{
@@ -30,15 +65,31 @@ func GenerateSA() *applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountApplyConfiguration {
 }

 // GenerateCR will generate the Cluster role for kube-vip
-func GenerateCR() *applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleApplyConfiguration {
-	name := "system:kube-vip-role"
-	roleRefKind := "ClusterRole"
-	apiVersion := "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1"
+func GenerateRole(c *Config, role bool) *applyRbacV1.RoleApplyConfiguration {
+	var kind, name string
+	var namespace *string
+	if role {
+		kind = "Role"
+		name = "kube-vip"
+		if c.ServiceNamespace != "" {
+			namespace = &c.ServiceNamespace
+		} else {
+			// If the namespace is empty then we need to set it to the system namespace
+			copiedNamespace := metav1.NamespaceSystem
+			namespace = &copiedNamespace
+		}

-	newManifest := &applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleApplyConfiguration{
-		TypeMetaApplyConfiguration: applyMetaV1.TypeMetaApplyConfiguration{APIVersion: &apiVersion, Kind: &roleRefKind},
+	} else {
+		kind = "ClusterRole"
+		name = "system:kube-vip-role"
+
+	}
+	apiVersion := "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1"
+	newManifest := &applyRbacV1.RoleApplyConfiguration{
+		TypeMetaApplyConfiguration: applyMetaV1.TypeMetaApplyConfiguration{APIVersion: &apiVersion, Kind: &kind},
 		ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration: &applyMetaV1.ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration{
-			Name: &name,
+			Name:      &name,
+			Namespace: namespace,
 		},
 		Rules: []applyRbacV1.PolicyRuleApplyConfiguration{
 			{
@@ -49,7 +100,7 @@ func GenerateCR() *applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleApplyConfiguration {
 			{
 				APIGroups: []string{""},
 				Resources: []string{"services", "endpoints"},
-				Verbs:     []string{"list", "get", "watch", "endoints"},
+				Verbs:     []string{"list", "get", "watch", "update"},
 			},
 			{
 				APIGroups: []string{""},
@@ -61,38 +112,54 @@ func GenerateCR() *applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleApplyConfiguration {
 				Resources: []string{"leases"},
 				Verbs:     []string{"list", "get", "watch", "update", "create"},
 			},
+			{
+				APIGroups: []string{"discovery.k8s.io"},
+				Resources: []string{"endpointslices"},
+				Verbs:     []string{"list", "get", "watch", "update"},
+			},
+			{
+				APIGroups: []string{""},
+				Resources: []string{"pods"},
+				Verbs:     []string{"list"},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	return newManifest
 }

-// GenerateCRB will generate the clusterRoleBinding
-func GenerateCRB() *applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleBindingApplyConfiguration {
-	kind := "ClusterRoleBinding"
+// GenerateCRB will generate the clusterRoleBinding or rolebinding
+func GenerateRoleBinding(rolebinding bool, saCfg *applyCoreV1.ServiceAccountApplyConfiguration, crCfg *applyRbacV1.RoleApplyConfiguration) *applyRbacV1.RoleBindingApplyConfiguration {
 	apiVersion := "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1"
-	subjectKind := "ServiceAccount"
 	apiGroup := "rbac.authorization.k8s.io"
-	roleRefKind := "ClusterRole"
-	roleRefName := "system:kube-vip-role"
-	name := "kube-vip"
-	bindName := "system:kube-vip-role-binding"
-	namespace := "kube-system"
-
-	newManifest := &applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleBindingApplyConfiguration{
+	var kind, bindName string
+	var namespace, objectNamespace *string
+	if rolebinding {
+		kind = "RoleBinding"
+		bindName = "kube-vip"
+		namespace = nil
+		objectNamespace = saCfg.Namespace
+	} else {
+		kind = "ClusterRoleBinding"
+		bindName = "system:kube-vip-binding"
+		namespace = saCfg.Namespace
+		objectNamespace = nil
+	}
+	newManifest := &applyRbacV1.RoleBindingApplyConfiguration{
 		TypeMetaApplyConfiguration: applyMetaV1.TypeMetaApplyConfiguration{APIVersion: &apiVersion, Kind: &kind},
 		ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration: &applyMetaV1.ObjectMetaApplyConfiguration{
-			Name: &bindName,
+			Name:      &bindName,
+			Namespace: objectNamespace,
 		},
 		RoleRef: &applyRbacV1.RoleRefApplyConfiguration{
 			APIGroup: &apiGroup,
-			Kind:     &roleRefKind,
-			Name:     &roleRefName,
+			Kind:     crCfg.Kind,
+			Name:     crCfg.Name,
 		},
 		Subjects: []applyRbacV1.SubjectApplyConfiguration{
 			{
-				Kind:      &subjectKind,
-				Name:      &name,
-				Namespace: &namespace,
+				Kind:      saCfg.Kind,
+				Name:      saCfg.Name,
+				Namespace: namespace,
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -100,7 +167,11 @@ func GenerateCRB() *applyRbacV1.ClusterRoleBindingApplyConfiguration {
 }

 // generatePodSpec will take a kube-vip config and generate a Pod spec
-func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod {
+func generatePodSpec(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod {
+	imageRef, err := name.NewTag(image, name.WeakValidation, name.WithDefaultTag(imageVersion))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("Cannot parse %q: %w", image, err))
+	}
 	command := "manager"

 	// Determine where the pods should be living (for multi-tenancy)
@@ -161,18 +232,6 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, svcInterface...)
 	}

-	// If a CIDR is used add it to the manifest
-	if c.VIPCIDR != "" {
-		// build environment variables
-		cidr := []corev1.EnvVar{
-			{
-				Name:  vipCidr,
-				Value: c.VIPCIDR,
-			},
-		}
-		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, cidr...)
-	}
-
 	// If a subnet is required for the VIP
 	if c.VIPSubnet != "" {
 		// build environment variables
@@ -331,40 +390,6 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod

 	}

-	// If we're specifying a configuration
-	if c.ProviderConfig != "" {
-		provider := []corev1.EnvVar{
-			{
-				Name:  providerConfig,
-				Value: c.ProviderConfig,
-			},
-		}
-		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, provider...)
-	}
-
-	// If Equinix Metal is enabled then add it to the manifest
-	if c.EnableMetal {
-		packet := []corev1.EnvVar{
-			{
-				Name:  vipPacket,
-				Value: strconv.FormatBool(c.EnableMetal),
-			},
-			{
-				Name:  vipPacketProject,
-				Value: c.MetalProject,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:  vipPacketProjectID,
-				Value: c.MetalProjectID,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:  "PACKET_AUTH_TOKEN",
-				Value: c.MetalAPIKey,
-			},
-		}
-		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, packet...)
-	}
-
 	// Detect and enable wireguard mode
 	if c.EnableWireguard {
 		wireguard := []corev1.EnvVar{
@@ -386,8 +411,7 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		}
 		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, routingtable...)
 	}
-
-	// If BGP, but we're not using Equinix Metal
+	// If BGP
 	if c.EnableBGP {
 		bgp := []corev1.EnvVar{
 			{
@@ -397,8 +421,9 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		}
 		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, bgp...)
 	}
-	// If BGP, but we're not using Equinix Metal
-	if c.EnableBGP && !c.EnableMetal {
+
+	// If BGP
+	if c.EnableBGP {
 		bgpConfig := []corev1.EnvVar{
 			{
 				Name:  bgpRouterID,
@@ -500,10 +525,10 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 	}
 	newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, prometheus...)

-	if c.EnableEndpointSlices {
+	if c.EnableEndpoints {
 		newEnvironment = append(newEnvironment, corev1.EnvVar{
-			Name:  enableEndpointSlices,
-			Value: strconv.FormatBool(c.EnableEndpointSlices),
+			Name:  enableEndpoints,
+			Value: strconv.FormatBool(c.EnableEndpoints),
 		})
 	}

@@ -571,7 +596,7 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 			Containers: []corev1.Container{
 				{
 					Name:            "kube-vip",
-					Image:           fmt.Sprintf("ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip:%s", imageVersion),
+					Image:           imageRef.Name(),
 					ImagePullPolicy: corev1.PullIfNotPresent,
 					SecurityContext: securityContext,
 					Args: []string{
@@ -612,38 +637,18 @@ func generatePodSpec(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) *corev1.Pod
 		newManifest.Spec.HostAliases = append(newManifest.Spec.HostAliases, hostAlias)
 	}

-	if c.ProviderConfig != "" {
-		providerConfigMount := corev1.VolumeMount{
-			Name:      "cloud-sa-volume",
-			MountPath: "/etc/cloud-sa",
-			ReadOnly:  true,
-		}
-		newManifest.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts = append(newManifest.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts, providerConfigMount)
-
-		providerConfigVolume := corev1.Volume{
-			Name: "cloud-sa-volume",
-			VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{
-				Secret: &corev1.SecretVolumeSource{
-					SecretName: "metal-cloud-config",
-				},
-			},
-		}
-		newManifest.Spec.Volumes = append(newManifest.Spec.Volumes, providerConfigVolume)
-
-	}
-
 	return newManifest
 }

 // GeneratePodManifestFromConfig will take a kube-vip config and generate a manifest
-func GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) string {
-	newManifest := generatePodSpec(c, imageVersion, inCluster)
+func GeneratePodManifestFromConfig(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster bool) string {
+	newManifest := generatePodSpec(c, image, imageVersion, inCluster)
 	b, _ := yaml.Marshal(newManifest)
 	return string(b)
 }

 // GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig will take a kube-vip config and generate a manifest
-func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inCluster, taint bool) string {
+func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, image, imageVersion string, inCluster, taint bool) string {
 	// Determine where the pod should be deployed
 	var namespace string
 	if c.ServiceNamespace != "" {
@@ -652,7 +657,7 @@ func GenerateDaemonsetManifestFromConfig(c *Config, imageVersion string, inClust
 		namespace = metav1.NamespaceSystem
 	}

-	podSpec := generatePodSpec(c, imageVersion, inCluster).Spec
+	podSpec := generatePodSpec(c, image, imageVersion, inCluster).Spec
 	newManifest := &appv1.DaemonSet{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
 			Kind:       "DaemonSet",
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_generator_test.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_generator_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package kubevip

-import "testing"
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)

 func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {

@@ -9,8 +12,8 @@ func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 		c       *Config
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		{"", nil, false},
-		{"", &Config{Interface: "eth0", ServicesInterface: "eth1"}, false},
+		{"nil config", nil, false},
+		{"basic config", &Config{Interface: "eth0", ServicesInterface: "eth1"}, false},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Logf("%v", tt.c)
@@ -21,3 +24,53 @@ func TestParseEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseEnvironmentConfigFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Save original environment
+	originalConfigFile := os.Getenv("config_file")
+	defer func() {
+		if originalConfigFile != "" {
+			os.Setenv("config_file", originalConfigFile)
+		} else {
+			os.Unsetenv("config_file")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		envValue       string
+		expectedConfig string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "config_file environment variable set",
+			envValue:       "/etc/kube-vip/config.yaml",
+			expectedConfig: "/etc/kube-vip/config.yaml",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "config_file environment variable empty",
+			envValue:       "",
+			expectedConfig: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Set environment variable
+			if tt.envValue != "" {
+				os.Setenv("config_file", tt.envValue)
+			} else {
+				os.Unsetenv("config_file")
+			}
+
+			config := &Config{}
+			err := ParseEnvironment(config)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("ParseEnvironment() unexpected error = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if config.ConfigFile != tt.expectedConfig {
+				t.Errorf("ConfigFile = %v, expected %v", config.ConfigFile, tt.expectedConfig)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/kubevip/config_types.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/config_types.go
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 package kubevip

-import (
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
-)
-
 // Config defines all of the settings for the Kube-Vip Pod
 type Config struct {
 	// Logging, settings
@@ -54,6 +50,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// ArpBroadcastRate, defines how often kube-vip will update the network about updates to the network
 	ArpBroadcastRate int64 `yaml:"arpBroadcastRate"`

+	// PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss, if true, VIP addresses will remain on interface when leadership is lost (only ARP/NDP broadcasting stops)
+	// If false, VIP addresses are deleted on leadership loss (legacy behavior)
+	PreserveVIPOnLeadershipLoss bool `yaml:"preserveVipOnLeadershipLoss"`
+
 	// Annotations will define if we're going to wait and lookup configuration from Kubernetes node annotations
 	Annotations string

@@ -76,9 +76,6 @@ type Config struct {
 	// VipSubnet is the Subnet that is applied to the VIP
 	VIPSubnet string `yaml:"vipSubnet"`

-	// VIPCIDR is cidr range for the VIP (primarily needed for BGP)
-	VIPCIDR string `yaml:"vipCidr"`
-
 	// Address is the IP or DNS Name to use as a VirtualIP
 	Address string `yaml:"address"`

@@ -131,25 +128,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	CleanRoutingTable bool `yaml:"cleanRoutingTable"`

 	// BGP Configuration
-	BGPConfig     bgp.Config
-	BGPPeerConfig bgp.Peer
+	BGPConfig     BGPConfig
+	BGPPeerConfig BGPPeer
 	BGPPeers      []string

-	// EnableMetal, will use the metal API to update the EIP <-> VIP (if BGP is enabled then BGP will be used)
-	EnableMetal bool `yaml:"enableMetal"`
-
-	// MetalAPIKey, is the API token used to authenticate to the API
-	MetalAPIKey string
-
-	// MetalProject, is the name of a particular defined project
-	MetalProject string
-
-	// MetalProjectID, is the name of a particular defined project
-	MetalProjectID string
-
-	// ProviderConfig, is the path to a provider configuration file
-	ProviderConfig string
-
 	// LoadBalancers are the various services we can load balance over
 	LoadBalancers []LoadBalancer `yaml:"loadBalancers,omitempty"`

@@ -179,8 +161,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	// DisableServiceUpdates, if true, kube-vip will only advertise service, but it will not update service's Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress slice
 	DisableServiceUpdates bool `yaml:"disableServiceUpdates"`

-	// EnableEndpointSlices, if enabled, EndpointSlices will be used instead of Endpoints
-	EnableEndpointSlices bool `yaml:"enableEndpointSlices"`
+	// EnableEndpoints, if enabled, Endpoints will be used instead of EndpointSlices
+	EnableEndpoints bool `yaml:"enableEndpoints"`

 	// MirrorDestInterface is the network interface where all traffics that go through service interface
 	// will be mirrored to. If ServicesInterface is not set, fall back to Interface.
@@ -198,6 +180,15 @@ type Config struct {

 	// HealthCheckPort, if non-zero then will enable the healthcheck to return ok on this port
 	HealthCheckPort int `yaml:"healthCheckPort"`
+
+	// EnableUPNP, enables UPNP functions
+	EnableUPNP bool `yaml:"enableUPNP"`
+
+	// EgressClean, enables egress cleaning on Kube-vip's start
+	EgressClean bool `yaml:"egressClean"`
+
+	// ConfigFile defines the path to a JSON/YAML configuration file
+	ConfigFile string `yaml:"configFile"`
 }

 // KubernetesLeaderElection defines all of the settings for Kubernetes KubernetesLeaderElection
--- a/pkg/kubevip/constants.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/constants.go
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package kubevip
+
+const (
+	LBClassName = "kube-vip.io/kube-vip-class"
+)
--- a/pkg/kubevip/labels.go
+++ b/pkg/kubevip/labels.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package kubevip
+
+const (
+	// label used on nodes, which announce the LoadBalancer IP
+	HasIP         = "kube-vip.io/has-ip"
+	HasIPJSONPath = `kube-vip.io~1has-ip`
+)
--- a/pkg/lease/lease.go
+++ b/pkg/lease/lease.go
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package lease
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// Manager is used to manage leases.
+type Manager struct {
+	leases map[string]*Lease
+	lock   sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// NewManager creates new lease manager.
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		leases: make(map[string]*Lease),
+	}
+}
+
+// Add adds lease or incerements counter if lease is alreay used.
+func (m *Manager) Add(service *v1.Service) (*Lease, bool) {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	_, id := GetName(service)
+	if _, exist := m.leases[id]; !exist {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		m.leases[id] = newLease(ctx, cancel)
+		return m.leases[id], true
+	}
+
+	m.leases[id].increment()
+	return m.leases[id], false
+}
+
+// Delete decrements lease counter and removes the lease if counter equals 0.
+func (m *Manager) Delete(service *v1.Service) {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	_, id := GetName(service)
+	if _, exist := m.leases[id]; exist {
+		m.leases[id].decrement()
+		if m.leases[id].cnt < 1 {
+			delete(m.leases, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns lease for the service.
+func (m *Manager) Get(service *v1.Service) *Lease {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	_, id := GetName(service)
+
+	if lease, exist := m.leases[id]; exist {
+		return lease
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetLeaderContext returns leder context for the service.
+func (m *Manager) GetLeaderContext(service *v1.Service) context.Context {
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+	_, id := GetName(service)
+	if _, ok := m.leases[id]; !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.leases[id].Ctx
+}
+
+// Lease holds lease data.
+type Lease struct {
+	cnt     uint
+	Lock    *sync.Mutex
+	Ctx     context.Context
+	Cancel  context.CancelFunc
+	Started chan any
+}
+
+func newLease(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc) *Lease {
+	return &Lease{
+		Ctx:     ctx,
+		Cancel:  cancel,
+		cnt:     1,
+		Lock:    new(sync.Mutex),
+		Started: make(chan any),
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) increment() {
+	l.Lock.Lock()
+	defer l.Lock.Unlock()
+	l.cnt++
+}
+
+func (l *Lease) decrement() {
+	l.Lock.Lock()
+	defer l.Lock.Unlock()
+	if l.cnt == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	l.cnt--
+	if l.cnt < 1 {
+		l.Cancel()
+	}
+}
+
+// GetName gets lease name and id for the service.
+func GetName(service *v1.Service) (string, string) {
+	serviceLease, exists := service.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceLease]
+	if !exists || serviceLease == "" {
+		serviceLease = fmt.Sprintf("kubevip-%s", service.Name)
+	}
+	serviceLeaseID := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", serviceLease, service.Namespace)
+	return serviceLease, serviceLeaseID
+}
+
+// UsesCommon checks if service uses common lease feature.
+func UsesCommon(service *v1.Service) bool {
+	_, common := service.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceLease]
+	return common
+}
--- a/pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs.go
+++ b/pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cloudflare/ipvs/netmask"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/backend"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/sysctl"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 )

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func (lb *IPVSLoadBalancer) isLocal(address string) (bool, error) {
 	}

 	family := netlink.FAMILY_V6
-	if vip.IsIPv4(address) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(address) {
 		family = netlink.FAMILY_V4
 	}

--- a/pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs_test.go
+++ b/pkg/loadbalancer/ipvs_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/cloudflare/ipvs"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 )

 func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
 		want1 ipvs.AddressFamily
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "IPv4",
+			name: utils.IPv4Family,
 			args: args{
 				address: "192.168.0.20",
 			},
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func Test_ipAndFamily(t *testing.T) {
 			want1: ipvs.INET,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "IPv6",
+			name: utils.IPv6Family,
 			args: args{
 				address: "ff02::3",
 			},
--- a/pkg/manager/annotations.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/annotations.go
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-const (
-	// Hardware address of the host that has the VIP
-	hwAddrKey = "kube-vip.io/hwaddr"
-
-	// The IP address that is requested
-	requestedIP = "kube-vip.io/requestedIP"
-
-	// The host that has the VIP
-	vipHost = "kube-vip.io/vipHost"
-
-	// Enable egress on a service
-	egress = "kube-vip.io/egress"
-
-	// Egress should be IPv6
-	egressIPv6 = "kube-vip.io/egress-ipv6"
-
-	// Ports that traffic is allowed to access from the egress VIP
-	egressDestinationPorts = "kube-vip.io/egress-destination-ports"
-
-	// Allowed incoming ports to the VIP
-	egressSourcePorts = "kube-vip.io/egress-source-ports"
-
-	// Allowed networks for the Egress to be enabled for
-	egressAllowedNetworks = "kube-vip.io/egress-allowed-networks"
-
-	// Networks that we wont Egress for
-	egressDeniedNetworks = "kube-vip.io/egress-denied-networks"
-
-	// The current active endpoint(pod) for the Egress VIP
-	activeEndpoint = "kube-vip.io/active-endpoint"
-
-	// The current active endpoint(pod) for the Egress VIP (v6)
-	activeEndpointIPv6 = "kube-vip.io/active-endpoint-ipv6"
-
-	// Flush the conntrack rules (remove existing sessions) once Egress is configured
-	flushContrack = "kube-vip.io/flush-conntrack"
-
-	loadbalancerIPAnnotation = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs"
-	loadbalancerHostname     = "kube-vip.io/loadbalancerHostname"
-	serviceInterface         = "kube-vip.io/serviceInterface"
-	upnpEnabled              = "kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP"
-)
--- a/pkg/manager/manager.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
@@ -15,14 +14,16 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/k8s"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/trafficmirror"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/services"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/upnp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 )
@@ -39,11 +40,6 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// Manager services
 	// service bool

-	// Keeps track of all running instances
-	serviceInstances []*Instance
-
-	// UPNP functionality
-	upnp bool
 	// BGP Manager, this is a singleton that manages all BGP advertisements
 	bgpServer *bgp.Server

@@ -53,6 +49,8 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// This channel is used to signal a shutdown
 	shutdownChan chan struct{}

+	svcProcessor *services.Processor
+
 	// This is a prometheus counter used to count the number of events received
 	// from the service watcher
 	countServiceWatchEvent *prometheus.CounterVec
@@ -63,6 +61,17 @@ type Manager struct {

 	// This mutex is to protect calls from various goroutines
 	mutex sync.Mutex
+
+	// This tracks used network interfaces and guards them with mutex for concurrent changes.
+	intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager
+
+	// This tracks VIPs and performs ARP/NDP advertisement.
+	arpMgr *arp.Manager
+
+	// This tracks node labels and performs label management
+	// implementation will be decided in constructor
+	// based on config.EnableNodeLabeling
+	nodeLabelManager node.LabelManager
 }

 // New will create a new managing object
@@ -168,6 +177,36 @@ func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 	// 	}
 	// }

+	// listen for interrupts or the Linux SIGTERM signal and cancel
+	// our context, which the leader election code will observe and
+	// step down
+	signalChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	// Add Notification for Userland interrupt
+	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGINT)
+
+	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
+	signal.Notify(signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+	// All watchers and other goroutines should have an additional goroutine that blocks on this, to shut things down
+	shutdownChan := make(chan struct{})
+
+	intfMgr := networkinterface.NewManager()
+	arpMgr := arp.NewManager(config)
+
+	// create the node label manager
+	// constructor will decide if it should be a noop or not
+	nodeLabelManager := node.NewManager(config, clientset)
+
+	var bgpServer *bgp.Server
+	if config.EnableBGP {
+		bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(config.BGPConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating BGP server: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	svcProcessor := services.NewServicesProcessor(config, bgpServer, clientset, rwClientSet, shutdownChan, intfMgr, arpMgr, nodeLabelManager)
+
 	return &Manager{
 		clientSet:   clientset,
 		rwClientSet: rwClientSet,
@@ -185,6 +224,13 @@ func New(configMap string, config *kubevip.Config) (*Manager, error) {
 			Name:      "bgp_session_info",
 			Help:      "Display state of session by setting metric for label value with current state to 1",
 		}, []string{"state", "peer"}),
+		signalChan:       signalChan,
+		shutdownChan:     shutdownChan,
+		svcProcessor:     svcProcessor,
+		intfMgr:          intfMgr,
+		arpMgr:           arpMgr,
+		bgpServer:        bgpServer,
+		nodeLabelManager: nodeLabelManager,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -200,6 +246,9 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 	// Add Notification for SIGTERM (sent from Kubernetes)
 	signal.Notify(sm.signalChan, syscall.SIGTERM)

+	// Add Notification for SIGUSR1 (for configuration dump)
+	signal.Notify(sm.signalChan, syscall.SIGUSR1)
+
 	// All watchers and other goroutines should have an additional goroutine that blocks on this, to shut things down
 	sm.shutdownChan = make(chan struct{})

@@ -223,6 +272,13 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 		}()
 	}

+	// on exit, clean up the node labels
+	defer func() {
+		if err := sm.nodeLabelManager.CleanUpLabels(10 * time.Second); err != nil {
+			log.Error("CleanUpNodeLabels", "unable to cleanup node labels", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
 	// If BGP is enabled then we start a server instance that will broadcast VIPs
 	if sm.config.EnableBGP {

@@ -237,16 +293,12 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 	}

 	if sm.config.EnableARP || sm.config.EnableWireguard {
-		// Before starting the leader Election enable any additional functionality
-		upnpEnabled, _ := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("enableUPNP"))
-
-		if upnpEnabled {
-			sm.upnp = true
+		if sm.config.EnableUPNP {
 			clients := upnp.GetConnectionClients(context.TODO())
 			if len(clients) == 0 {
 				log.Error("Error Enabling UPNP. No Clients found")
 				// Set the struct to false so nothing should use it in future
-				sm.upnp = false
+				sm.config.EnableUPNP = false
 			} else {
 				for _, c := range clients {
 					ip, err := c.GetExternalIPAddress()
@@ -254,12 +306,11 @@ func (sm *Manager) Start() error {
 						log.Error("unable to find IGD2 Gateway address", "err", err)
 					}
 					log.Info("Found UPNP IGD2 Gateway address", "ip", ip)
-
 				}
 			}
+			// TODO: It would be nice to run the UPNP refresh only on the leader.
+			go sm.svcProcessor.RefreshUPNPForwards()
 		}
-		// TODO: It would be nice to run the UPNP refresh only on the leader.
-		go sm.refreshUPNPForwards()
 	}

 	// If ARP is enabled then we start a LeaderElection that will use ARP to advertise VIPs
@@ -304,89 +355,3 @@ func (sm *Manager) parseAnnotations() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (sm *Manager) serviceInterface() string {
-	svcIf := sm.config.Interface
-	if sm.config.ServicesInterface != "" {
-		svcIf = sm.config.ServicesInterface
-	}
-	return svcIf
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) startTrafficMirroringIfEnabled() error {
-	if sm.config.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
-		svcIf := sm.serviceInterface()
-		log.Info("mirroring traffic", "src", svcIf, "dest", sm.config.MirrorDestInterface)
-		if err := trafficmirror.MirrorTrafficFromNIC(svcIf, sm.config.MirrorDestInterface); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-		log.Debug("skip starting traffic mirroring since it's not enabled.")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) stopTrafficMirroringIfEnabled() error {
-	if sm.config.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
-		svcIf := sm.serviceInterface()
-		log.Info("clean up qdisc config", "interface", svcIf)
-		if err := trafficmirror.CleanupQDSICFromNIC(svcIf); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-		log.Debug("skip stopping traffic mirroring since it's not enabled.")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) findServiceInstance(svc *v1.Service) *Instance {
-	log.Debug("finding service", "UID", svc.UID)
-	for i := range sm.serviceInstances {
-		log.Debug("saved service", "instance", i, "UID", sm.serviceInstances[i].serviceSnapshot.UID)
-		if sm.serviceInstances[i].serviceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
-			return sm.serviceInstances[i]
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) findServiceInstanceWithTimeout(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) (*Instance, error) {
-	log.Debug("finding service with timeout", "UID", svc.UID)
-
-	ctxTimeout, ctxTimeoutCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
-	defer ctxTimeoutCancel()
-
-	for {
-		for i := range sm.serviceInstances {
-			log.Debug("saved service", "instance", i, "UID", sm.serviceInstances[i].serviceSnapshot.UID)
-			if sm.serviceInstances[i].serviceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
-				return sm.serviceInstances[i], nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		t := time.NewTimer(time.Millisecond * 100)
-		select {
-		case <-ctxTimeout.Done():
-			t.Stop()
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for the service instance: %w", ctx.Err())
-		case <-t.C:
-			log.Debug("waiting for the service to be discovered", "UID", svc.UID)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Refresh UPNP Port Forwards for all Service Instances registered in the SM
-func (sm *Manager) refreshUPNPForwards() {
-	log.Info("Starting UPNP Port Refresher")
-	for {
-		time.Sleep(300 * time.Second)
-
-		log.Info("[UPNP] Refreshing Instances", "number of instances", len(sm.serviceInstances))
-		for i := range sm.serviceInstances {
-			sm.upnpMap(context.TODO(), sm.serviceInstances[i])
-			if err := sm.updateStatus(sm.serviceInstances[i]); err != nil {
-				log.Warn("[UPNP] Error updating service", "ip", sm.serviceInstances[i].serviceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_arp.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_arp.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package manager

 import (
 	"context"
-	"os"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

@@ -28,21 +27,33 @@ func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()

+	log.Info("Start ARP/NDP advertisement")
+	go sm.arpMgr.StartAdvertisement(ctx)
+
 	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
 	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			cpCluster.Stop()
+		for {
+			sig := <-sm.signalChan
+			switch sig {
+			case syscall.SIGUSR1:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1, dumping configuration")
+				sm.dumpConfiguration()
+			case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
+				log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
+				if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+					cpCluster.Stop()
+				}
+				// Close all go routines
+				close(sm.shutdownChan)
+				// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+				cancel()
+				return
+			}
 		}
-		// Close all go routines
-		close(sm.shutdownChan)
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
 	}()

 	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false)
+		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -80,7 +91,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
 	}

 	// This will tidy any dangling kube-vip iptables rules
-	if os.Getenv("EGRESS_CLEAN") != "" {
+	if sm.config.EgressClean {
 		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	}

@@ -88,7 +99,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
 	// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
 	if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
 		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-		err = sm.startServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+		err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
 			RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
 			Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
 				OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-					err = sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.syncServices)
+					err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error("service watcher", "err", err)
 						panic("") // TODO: - emulating log.fatal here
@@ -131,12 +142,10 @@ func (sm *Manager) startARP(id string) error {
 				},
 				OnStoppedLeading: func() {
 					// we can do cleanup here
+					sm.mutex.Lock()
+					defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 					log.Info("leader lost", "new leader", id)
-					for _, instance := range sm.serviceInstances {
-						for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-							cluster.Stop()
-						}
-					}
+					sm.svcProcessor.Stop()

 					log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
 					panic("") // TODO: - emulating log.fatal here
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_bgp.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_bgp.go
@@ -3,16 +3,13 @@ package manager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"syscall"

 	log "log/slog"

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/equinixmetal"
 	api "github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/api"
-	"github.com/packethost/packngo"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )

@@ -22,37 +19,15 @@ func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {
 	// var ns string
 	var err error

-	// If Equinix Metal is enabled then we can begin our preparation work
-	var packetClient *packngo.Client
-	if sm.config.EnableMetal {
-		if sm.config.ProviderConfig != "" {
-			key, project, err := equinixmetal.GetPacketConfig(sm.config.ProviderConfig)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			// Set the environment variable with the key for the project
-			os.Setenv("PACKET_AUTH_TOKEN", key)
-			// Update the configuration with the project key
-			sm.config.MetalProjectID = project
-
-		}
-		packetClient, err = packngo.NewClient()
+	if sm.bgpServer == nil {
+		sm.bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(sm.config.BGPConfig)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// We're using Equinix Metal with BGP, populate the Peer information from the API
-		if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-			log.Info("Looking up the BGP configuration from Equinix Metal")
-			err = equinixmetal.BGPLookup(packetClient, sm.config)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("creating BGP server: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

 	log.Info("Starting the BGP server to advertise VIP routes to BGP peers")
-	sm.bgpServer, err = bgp.NewBGPServer(&sm.config.BGPConfig, func(p *api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent) {
+	if err := sm.bgpServer.Start(func(p *api.WatchEventResponse_PeerEvent) {
 		ipaddr := p.GetPeer().GetState().GetNeighborAddress()
 		port := uint64(179)
 		peerDescription := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ipaddr, port)
@@ -68,9 +43,8 @@ func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {
 				"peer":  peerDescription,
 			}).Set(metricValue)
 		}
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("starting BGP server: %w", err)
 	}

 	// use a Go context so we can tell the leaderelection code when we
@@ -87,19 +61,28 @@ func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {

 	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
 	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			if cpCluster != nil {
-				cpCluster.Stop()
+		for {
+			sig := <-sm.signalChan
+			switch sig {
+			case syscall.SIGUSR1:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1, dumping configuration")
+				sm.dumpConfiguration()
+			case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
+				log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
+				if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+					if cpCluster != nil {
+						cpCluster.Stop()
+					}
+				}
+				// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+				cancel()
+				return
 			}
 		}
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
 	}()

 	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false)
+		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -113,7 +96,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {
 			if sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
 				err = cpCluster.StartCluster(sm.config, clusterManager, sm.bgpServer)
 			} else {
-				err = cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, sm.bgpServer, packetClient)
+				err = cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, sm.bgpServer)
 			}
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
@@ -131,9 +114,18 @@ func (sm *Manager) startBGP() error {
 		}
 	}

-	err = sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.syncServices)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
+		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
+		err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Info("beginning watching services without leader election")
+		err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}

 	log.Info("Shutting down Kube-Vip")
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_dump.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_dump.go
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+)
+
+// dumpConfiguration prints the current configuration to stdout when SIGUSR1 is received
+func (sm *Manager) dumpConfiguration() {
+	sm.mutex.Lock()
+	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("                   KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Timestamp: %s\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339))
+	fmt.Printf("Node Name: %s\n", sm.config.NodeName)
+	fmt.Printf("Process ID: %d\n", os.Getpid())
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+
+	sm.dumpConfigSection()
+	sm.dumpBGPSection()
+	sm.dumpARPSection()
+	sm.dumpServicesSection()
+	sm.dumpNetworkInterfacesSection()
+	sm.dumpLeaderElectionSection()
+	sm.dumpRuntimeSection()
+	sm.dumpNFTablesSection()
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("                   END OF CONFIGURATION DUMP\n")
+	fmt.Printf("================================================================================\n")
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpConfigSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- BASIC CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("VIP: %s\n", sm.config.Address)
+	fmt.Printf("VIP Subnet: %s\n", sm.config.VIPSubnet)
+	fmt.Printf("Port: %d\n", sm.config.Port)
+	fmt.Printf("Namespace: %s\n", sm.config.Namespace)
+	fmt.Printf("Service Namespace: %s\n", sm.config.ServiceNamespace)
+	fmt.Printf("Interface: %s\n", sm.config.Interface)
+	fmt.Printf("Services Interface: %s\n", sm.config.ServicesInterface)
+	fmt.Printf("Single Node Mode: %t\n", sm.config.SingleNode)
+	fmt.Printf("Start As Leader: %t\n", sm.config.StartAsLeader)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpBGPSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- BGP CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("BGP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableBGP)
+	if sm.config.EnableBGP {
+		fmt.Printf("BGP AS: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.AS)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Router ID: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.RouterID)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Source IP: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.SourceIP)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Source Interface: %s\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.SourceIF)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Hold Time: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.HoldTime)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Keepalive Interval: %d\n", sm.config.BGPConfig.KeepaliveInterval)
+		fmt.Printf("BGP Peers: %d\n", len(sm.config.BGPConfig.Peers))
+		for i, peer := range sm.config.BGPConfig.Peers {
+			fmt.Printf("  Peer %d: %s:%d (AS: %d, MultiHop: %t)\n",
+				i+1, peer.Address, peer.Port, peer.AS, peer.MultiHop)
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpARPSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- ARP/NDP CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("ARP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableARP)
+	if sm.config.EnableARP {
+		fmt.Printf("ARP Broadcast Rate: %d\n", sm.config.ArpBroadcastRate)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Wireguard Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableWireguard)
+	fmt.Printf("Routing Table Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableRoutingTable)
+	if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		fmt.Printf("Routing Table ID: %d\n", sm.config.RoutingTableID)
+		fmt.Printf("Routing Protocol: %d\n", sm.config.RoutingProtocol)
+		fmt.Printf("Clean Routing Table: %t\n", sm.config.CleanRoutingTable)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpServicesSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- SERVICES CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Services Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServices)
+	if sm.config.EnableServices {
+		fmt.Printf("Services Election: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServicesElection)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Class Only: %t\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassOnly)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Class Name: %s\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName)
+		fmt.Printf("Disable Service Updates: %t\n", sm.config.DisableServiceUpdates)
+		fmt.Printf("Enable Endpoints: %t\n", sm.config.EnableEndpoints)
+		fmt.Printf("Service Security Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableServiceSecurity)
+
+		if sm.svcProcessor != nil {
+			instances := sm.svcProcessor.ServiceInstances
+			fmt.Printf("Kube-vip Active Service Instances: %d\n", len(instances))
+			for i, inst := range instances {
+				if inst.ServiceSnapshot != nil {
+					svc := inst.ServiceSnapshot
+					vipConfigs := ""
+					for j, cfg := range svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
+						if j > 0 {
+							vipConfigs += ", "
+						}
+						vipConfigs += cfg.IP
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("  Service %d: %s/%s (Type: %s, VIPs: %s)\n",
+						i+1, svc.Namespace, svc.Name, svc.Spec.Type, vipConfigs)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if sm.clientSet != nil {
+			fmt.Println()
+			// Kubernetes configuration
+			fmt.Println("--- KUBERNETES CONFIGURATION (SERVICES/ENDPOINTSLICES) ---")
+
+			fmt.Println("Service Configuration:")
+			svcList, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(v1.NamespaceAll).List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Unable to retrieve all Services")
+			} else {
+				for x := range svcList.Items {
+
+					// Build all addresses
+					vipConfigs := ""
+					for j, cfg := range svcList.Items[x].Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
+						if j > 0 {
+							vipConfigs += ", "
+						}
+						vipConfigs += cfg.IP
+					}
+					fmt.Printf("Name=%s, UUID=%s, Addresses=%s\n", svcList.Items[x].Name, string(svcList.Items[x].UID), vipConfigs)
+				}
+				fmt.Println()
+			}
+
+			fmt.Println("EndpointSlice Configuration (note endpoint names have -XXXXX prefixed):")
+			epList, err := sm.clientSet.DiscoveryV1().EndpointSlices(v1.NamespaceAll).List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("Unable to retrieve all EndpointSlices")
+			} else {
+				for x := range epList.Items {
+					// Build all addresses
+					fmt.Printf("  Endpoint Slice Name: %s\n", epList.Items[x].Name)
+					for _, ep := range epList.Items[x].Endpoints {
+						endpoints := ""
+						for i, addresses := range ep.Addresses {
+							if i > 0 {
+								endpoints += ", "
+							}
+							endpoints += addresses
+						}
+						nodeName := "Unknown"
+						targetPod := "Unknown"
+						if ep.NodeName != nil {
+							nodeName = *ep.NodeName
+						}
+						if ep.TargetRef != nil {
+							targetPod = ep.TargetRef.Name
+						}
+						fmt.Printf("\tNode: %s, Target Pod:%s, Addresses: %s\n", nodeName, targetPod, endpoints)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpNetworkInterfacesSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- NETWORK INTERFACES ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Network Interface Manager: %t\n", sm.intfMgr != nil)
+	fmt.Printf("ARP Manager: %t\n", sm.arpMgr != nil)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpLeaderElectionSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- LEADER ELECTION CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Control Plane Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableControlPlane)
+	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+		fmt.Printf("Detect Control Plane: %t\n", sm.config.DetectControlPlane)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Leader Election Type: %s\n", sm.config.LeaderElectionType)
+	fmt.Printf("Leader Election Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableLeaderElection)
+	if sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
+		fmt.Printf("Lease Name: %s\n", sm.config.LeaseName)
+		fmt.Printf("Lease Duration: %d seconds\n", sm.config.LeaseDuration)
+		fmt.Printf("Renew Deadline: %d seconds\n", sm.config.RenewDeadline)
+		fmt.Printf("Retry Period: %d seconds\n", sm.config.RetryPeriod)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Services Lease Name: %s\n", sm.config.ServicesLeaseName)
+	fmt.Printf("Node Labeling Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableNodeLabeling)
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpRuntimeSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- RUNTIME STATISTICS ---\n")
+	fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableLoadBalancer)
+	if sm.config.EnableLoadBalancer {
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Port: %d\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerPort)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancer Forwarding Method: %s\n", sm.config.LoadBalancerForwardingMethod)
+		fmt.Printf("Load Balancers Configured: %d\n", len(sm.config.LoadBalancers))
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Prometheus HTTP Server: %s\n", sm.config.PrometheusHTTPServer)
+	fmt.Printf("Health Check Port: %d\n", sm.config.HealthCheckPort)
+	fmt.Printf("UPNP Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EnableUPNP)
+	fmt.Printf("Egress Clean Enabled: %t\n", sm.config.EgressClean)
+	if sm.config.EgressClean {
+		fmt.Printf("Egress with nftables: %t\n", sm.config.EgressWithNftables)
+		fmt.Printf("Egress Pod CIDR: %s\n", sm.config.EgressPodCidr)
+		fmt.Printf("Egress Service CIDR: %s\n", sm.config.EgressServiceCidr)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\n")
+}
+
+func (sm *Manager) dumpNFTablesSection() {
+	fmt.Printf("--- NFTABLES CONFIGURATION ---\n")
+	chains, err := nftables.ListChains()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Unable to retrieve NFTables chains, error=%s", err)
+	}
+	for x := range chains {
+		fmt.Printf("Chain: %s\n", chains[x])
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+}
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_dump_test.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_dump_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDumpConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		Address:            "192.168.1.100",
+		Interface:          "eth0",
+		Port:               6443,
+		EnableARP:          true,
+		EnableBGP:          false,
+		EnableControlPlane: true,
+		EnableServices:     true,
+		LeaderElectionType: "kubernetes",
+		Namespace:          "kube-system",
+		NodeName:           "test-node",
+		KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
+			EnableLeaderElection: true,
+			LeaseName:            "test-lease",
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := &Manager{
+		config: config,
+	}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpConfiguration()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP", "should contain header")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Node Name: test-node", "should contain node name")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP: 192.168.1.100", "should contain VIP address")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Interface: eth0", "should contain interface")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Port: 6443", "should contain port")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: true", "should contain ARP status")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: false", "should contain BGP status")
+}
+
+func TestDumpConfigSection(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		Address:            "192.168.1.100",
+		Interface:          "eth0",
+		Port:               6443,
+		VIPSubnet:          "/24",
+		EnableARP:          true,
+		EnableBGP:          false,
+		EnableControlPlane: true,
+		EnableServices:     true,
+		LeaderElectionType: "kubernetes",
+		Namespace:          "kube-system",
+		KubernetesLeaderElection: kubevip.KubernetesLeaderElection{
+			EnableLeaderElection: true,
+			LeaseName:            "test-lease",
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpConfigSection()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "--- BASIC CONFIGURATION ---")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP: 192.168.1.100")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "VIP Subnet: /24")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Interface: eth0")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Port: 6443")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Namespace: kube-system")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Single Node Mode: false")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Start As Leader: false")
+}
+
+func TestDumpBGPSection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("BGP disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableBGP: false,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpBGPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("BGP enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableBGP: true,
+			BGPConfig: kubevip.BGPConfig{
+				RouterID: "192.168.1.1",
+				AS:       65000,
+				Peers: []kubevip.BGPPeer{
+					{Address: "192.168.1.2", AS: 65001},
+					{Address: "192.168.1.3", AS: 65002},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpBGPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Enabled: true")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Router ID: 192.168.1.1")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP AS: 65000")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "BGP Peers: 2")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDumpARPSection(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("ARP disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableARP: false,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpARPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ARP enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := &kubevip.Config{
+			EnableARP:        true,
+			ArpBroadcastRate: 5,
+		}
+		mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+		old := os.Stdout
+		r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+		os.Stdout = w
+
+		mgr.dumpARPSection()
+
+		w.Close()
+		os.Stdout = old
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+		output := buf.String()
+
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Enabled: true")
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "ARP Broadcast Rate: 5")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDumpRuntimeSection(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &kubevip.Config{
+		EnableLoadBalancer:   false,
+		PrometheusHTTPServer: "",
+		HealthCheckPort:      0,
+		EnableUPNP:           false,
+		EgressClean:          false,
+	}
+	mgr := &Manager{config: config}
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	mgr.dumpRuntimeSection()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "io.Copy should not return error")
+	output := buf.String()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "--- RUNTIME STATISTICS ---", "should contain runtime section header")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Load Balancer Enabled: false", "should contain load balancer status")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "UPNP Enabled: false", "should contain UPNP status")
+}
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_table.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_table.go
@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ package manager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	log "log/slog"

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/cluster"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
@@ -40,48 +39,34 @@ func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
 		}()
 	}

-	egressCleanEnv := os.Getenv("EGRESS_CLEAN")
-	if egressCleanEnv != "" {
-		egressClean, err := strconv.ParseBool(egressCleanEnv)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("failed to parse EGRESS_CLEAN env value [%s]. Egress cleaning will not be performed: %s", egressCleanEnv, err.Error())
-		}
-		if egressClean {
-			vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
-			vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
-			log.Debug("IPtables rules cleaned on startup")
-		}
+	if sm.config.EgressClean {
+		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+		vip.ClearIPTables(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, sm.config.ServiceNamespace, iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
+		log.Debug("IPtables rules cleaned on startup")
 	}

 	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
 	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
-		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-			cpCluster.Stop()
+		for {
+			sig := <-sm.signalChan
+			switch sig {
+			case syscall.SIGUSR1:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1, dumping configuration")
+				sm.dumpConfiguration()
+			case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
+				log.Info("Received kube-vip termination, signaling shutdown")
+				if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+					cpCluster.Stop()
+				}
+				// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+				cancel()
+				return
+			}
 		}
-
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
 	}()

-	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
-		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cluster initialization error: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		clusterManager, err := initClusterManager(sm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cluster manager initialization error: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, nil, nil); err != nil {
-			log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
-			// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
-			sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
-		}
-	} else {
+	if sm.config.EnableServices {
+		log.Debug("starting Services")
 		ns, err := returnNameSpace()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("unable to auto-detect namespace", "dropping to", sm.config.Namespace)
@@ -92,7 +77,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
 		// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
 		if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
 			log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-			err = sm.startServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+			err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -126,7 +111,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
 				RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
 				Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
 					OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-						err = sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.syncServices)
+						err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
 						if err != nil {
 							log.Error(err.Error())
 							panic("")
@@ -134,12 +119,10 @@ func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
 					},
 					OnStoppedLeading: func() {
 						// we can do cleanup here
+						sm.mutex.Lock()
+						defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 						log.Info("leader lost", "id", id)
-						for _, instance := range sm.serviceInstances {
-							for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-								cluster.Stop()
-							}
-						}
+						sm.svcProcessor.Stop()

 						log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
 						panic("")
@@ -156,17 +139,44 @@ func (sm *Manager) startTableMode(id string) error {
 			})
 		} else {
 			log.Info("beginning watching services without leader election")
-			err = sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.syncServices)
+			err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("Cannot watch services", "err", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Debug("watching services")
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
+		log.Debug("initCluster for ControlPlane")
+		cpCluster, err = cluster.InitCluster(sm.config, false, sm.intfMgr, sm.arpMgr)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debug("init of ControlPlane NOT successful")
+			return fmt.Errorf("cluster initialization error: %w", err)
+		}
+		log.Debug("init of ControlPlane successful")
+		log.Debug("init ClusterManager")
+		clusterManager, err := initClusterManager(sm)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debug("init cluster manager NOT successful")
+			return fmt.Errorf("cluster manager initialization error: %w", err)
+		}
+		log.Debug("init ClusterManager successful")
+		if err := cpCluster.StartVipService(sm.config, clusterManager, nil); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Control Plane", "err", err)
+			// Trigger the shutdown of this manager instance
+			sm.signalChan <- syscall.SIGINT
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("start VipServer for cluster manager successful")
+		}
+	}

 	return nil
 }

 func (sm *Manager) cleanRoutes() error {
+	sm.mutex.Lock()
+	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 	routes, err := vip.ListRoutes(sm.config.RoutingTableID, sm.config.RoutingProtocol)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error getting routes: %w", err)
@@ -177,7 +187,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) cleanRoutes() error {
 		if sm.config.EnableControlPlane {
 			found = (routes[i].Dst.IP.String() == sm.config.Address)
 		} else {
-			found = sm.countRouteReferences(&routes[i]) > 0
+			found = endpoints.CountRouteReferences(&routes[i], &sm.svcProcessor.ServiceInstances) > 0
 		}

 		if !found {
@@ -191,20 +201,3 @@ func (sm *Manager) cleanRoutes() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (sm *Manager) countRouteReferences(route *netlink.Route) int {
-	cnt := 0
-	for _, instance := range sm.serviceInstances {
-		if instance.HasEndpoints {
-			for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-				for n := range cluster.Network {
-					r := cluster.Network[n].PrepareRoute()
-					if r.Dst.String() == route.Dst.String() {
-						cnt++
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return cnt
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/manager_wireguard.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/manager_wireguard.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package manager

 import (
 	"context"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"

 	log "log/slog"
@@ -39,11 +40,19 @@ func (sm *Manager) startWireguard(id string) error {

 	// Shutdown function that will wait on this signal, unless we call it ourselves
 	go func() {
-		<-sm.signalChan
-		log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
-
-		// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-		cancel()
+		for {
+			sig := <-sm.signalChan
+			switch sig {
+			case syscall.SIGUSR1:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1, dumping configuration")
+				sm.dumpConfiguration()
+			case syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM:
+				log.Info("Received termination, signaling shutdown")
+				// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+				cancel()
+				return
+			}
+		}
 	}()

 	ns, err = returnNameSpace()
@@ -56,7 +65,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startWireguard(id string) error {
 	// a lock based upon that service is created that they will all leaderElection on
 	if sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
 		log.Info("beginning watching services, leaderelection will happen for every service")
-		err = sm.startServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
+		err = sm.svcProcessor.StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -91,7 +100,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) startWireguard(id string) error {
 			RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
 			Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
 				OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-					err = sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.syncServices)
+					err = sm.svcProcessor.ServicesWatcher(ctx, sm.svcProcessor.SyncServices)
 					if err != nil {
 						log.Error(err.Error())
 						panic("")
@@ -99,12 +108,10 @@ func (sm *Manager) startWireguard(id string) error {
 				},
 				OnStoppedLeading: func() {
 					// we can do cleanup here
+					sm.mutex.Lock()
+					defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 					log.Info("leader lost", "id", id)
-					for _, instance := range sm.serviceInstances {
-						for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-							cluster.Stop()
-						}
-					}
+					sm.svcProcessor.Stop()

 					log.Error("lost leadership, restarting kube-vip")
 					panic("")
--- a/pkg/manager/node_labeling.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/node_labeling.go
@@ -7,16 +7,12 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 )

-const (
-	nodeLabelIndex    = "kube-vip.io/has-ip"
-	nodeLabelJSONPath = `kube-vip.io~1has-ip`
-)
-
 type patchStringLabel struct {
 	Op    string `json:"op"`
 	Path  string `json:"path"`
@@ -35,8 +31,8 @@ func applyNodeLabel(clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset, address, id, identity strin

 	log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("node %s labels: %+v", id, node.Labels))

-	value, ok := node.Labels[nodeLabelIndex]
-	path := fmt.Sprintf("/metadata/labels/%s", nodeLabelJSONPath)
+	value, ok := node.Labels[kubevip.HasIP]
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/metadata/labels/%s", kubevip.HasIPJSONPath)
 	log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Received identity: %s - id: %s", identity, id))
 	if ok && value == address {
 		log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("removing node label `has-ip=%s` on %s", address, id))
--- a/pkg/manager/prom.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/prom.go
@@ -4,5 +4,12 @@ import "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"

 // PrometheusCollector defines a service watch event counter.
 func (sm *Manager) PrometheusCollector() []prometheus.Collector {
-	return []prometheus.Collector{sm.countServiceWatchEvent, sm.bgpSessionInfoGauge}
+	collectors := []prometheus.Collector{}
+	if sm.svcProcessor != nil {
+		collectors = append(collectors, sm.svcProcessor.CountServiceWatchEvent)
+	}
+	if sm.bgpServer != nil {
+		collectors = append(collectors, sm.bgpServer.BGPSessionInfoGauge)
+	}
+	return collectors
 }
--- a/pkg/manager/services.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/services.go
@@ -1,497 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/upnp"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-)
-
-func (sm *Manager) syncServices(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error {
-	log.Debug("[STARTING] Service Sync")
-
-	// Iterate through the synchronising services
-	foundInstance := false
-	newServiceAddresses := fetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-	newServiceUID := svc.UID
-
-	ingressIPs := []string{}
-
-	for _, ingress := range svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
-		ingressIPs = append(ingressIPs, ingress.IP)
-	}
-
-	shouldBreake := false
-
-	for x := range sm.serviceInstances {
-		if shouldBreake {
-			break
-		}
-		for _, newServiceAddress := range newServiceAddresses {
-			log.Debug("service", "isDHCP", sm.serviceInstances[x].isDHCP, "newServiceAddress", newServiceAddress)
-			if sm.serviceInstances[x].serviceSnapshot.UID == newServiceUID {
-				// If the found instance's DHCP configuration doesn't match the new service, delete it.
-				if (sm.serviceInstances[x].isDHCP && newServiceAddress != "0.0.0.0") ||
-					(!sm.serviceInstances[x].isDHCP && newServiceAddress == "0.0.0.0") ||
-					(!sm.serviceInstances[x].isDHCP && len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !slices.Contains(ingressIPs, newServiceAddress)) ||
-					(len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !comparePortsAndPortStatuses(svc)) ||
-					(sm.serviceInstances[x].isDHCP && len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !slices.Contains(ingressIPs, sm.serviceInstances[x].dhcpInterfaceIP)) {
-					if err := sm.deleteService(newServiceUID); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					shouldBreake = true
-					break
-				}
-				foundInstance = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// This instance wasn't found, we need to add it to the manager
-	if !foundInstance && len(newServiceAddresses) > 0 {
-		if err := sm.addService(ctx, svc); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func comparePortsAndPortStatuses(svc *v1.Service) bool {
-	portsStatus := svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress[0].Ports
-	if len(portsStatus) != len(svc.Spec.Ports) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for i, portSpec := range svc.Spec.Ports {
-		if portsStatus[i].Port != portSpec.Port || portsStatus[i].Protocol != portSpec.Protocol {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) addService(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	newService, err := NewInstance(svc, sm.config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for x := range newService.vipConfigs {
-		newService.clusters[x].StartLoadBalancerService(newService.vipConfigs[x], sm.bgpServer)
-	}
-
-	sm.upnpMap(ctx, newService)
-
-	if newService.isDHCP && len(newService.vipConfigs) == 1 {
-		go func() {
-			for ip := range newService.dhcpClient.IPChannel() {
-				log.Debug("IP changed", "ip", ip)
-				newService.vipConfigs[0].VIP = ip
-				newService.dhcpInterfaceIP = ip
-				if !sm.config.DisableServiceUpdates {
-					if err := sm.updateStatus(newService); err != nil {
-						log.Warn("updating svc", "err", err)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			log.Debug("IP update channel closed, stopping")
-		}()
-	}
-
-	sm.serviceInstances = append(sm.serviceInstances, newService)
-
-	if !sm.config.DisableServiceUpdates {
-		log.Debug("service update", "namespace", newService.serviceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", newService.serviceSnapshot.Name)
-		if err := sm.updateStatus(newService); err != nil {
-			log.Error("updating status", "namespace", newService.serviceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", newService.serviceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	serviceIPs := fetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-	// Check if we need to flush any conntrack connections (due to some dangling conntrack connections)
-	if svc.Annotations[flushContrack] == "true" {
-
-		log.Debug("Flushing conntrack rules", "service", svc.Name)
-		for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
-			err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(serviceIP, false, svc.Annotations[egressDestinationPorts], svc.Annotations[egressSourcePorts])
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("flushing any remaining egress connections", "err", err)
-			}
-			err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(serviceIP, true, svc.Annotations[egressDestinationPorts], svc.Annotations[egressSourcePorts])
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("flushing any remaining ingress connections", "err", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check if egress is enabled on the service, if so we'll need to configure some rules
-	if svc.Annotations[egress] == "true" && len(serviceIPs) > 0 {
-		log.Debug("enabling egress", "service", svc.Name)
-		// We will need to modify the iptables rules
-		err = sm.iptablesCheck()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "err", err)
-		}
-		var podIP string
-		errList := []error{}
-
-		// Should egress be IPv6
-		if svc.Annotations[egressIPv6] == "true" {
-			// Does the service have an active IPv6 endpoint
-			if svc.Annotations[activeEndpointIPv6] != "" {
-				for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
-					if sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices && vip.IsIPv6(serviceIP) {
-
-						podIP = svc.Annotations[activeEndpointIPv6]
-
-						err = sm.configureEgress(serviceIP, podIP, svc.Namespace, svc.Annotations)
-						if err != nil {
-							errList = append(errList, err)
-							log.Error("configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "err", err)
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else if svc.Annotations[activeEndpoint] != "" { // Not expected to be IPv6, so should be an IPv4 address
-			for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
-				podIPs := svc.Annotations[activeEndpoint]
-				if sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices && vip.IsIPv6(serviceIP) {
-					podIPs = svc.Annotations[activeEndpointIPv6]
-				}
-				err = sm.configureEgress(serviceIP, podIPs, svc.Namespace, svc.Annotations)
-				if err != nil {
-					errList = append(errList, err)
-					log.Error("configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "err", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if len(errList) == 0 {
-			var provider epProvider
-			if !sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices {
-				provider = &endpointsProvider{label: "endpoints"}
-			} else {
-				provider = &endpointslicesProvider{label: "endpointslices"}
-			}
-			err = provider.updateServiceAnnotation(svc.Annotations[activeEndpoint], svc.Annotations[activeEndpointIPv6], svc, sm)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "err", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	finishTime := time.Since(startTime)
-	log.Info("[service] synchronised", "in", fmt.Sprintf("%dms", finishTime.Milliseconds()))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) deleteService(uid types.UID) error {
-	// protect multiple calls
-	sm.mutex.Lock()
-	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	var updatedInstances []*Instance
-	var serviceInstance *Instance
-	found := false
-	for x := range sm.serviceInstances {
-		log.Debug("service lookup", "target UID", uid, "found UID ", sm.serviceInstances[x].serviceSnapshot.UID)
-		// Add the running services to the new array
-		if sm.serviceInstances[x].serviceSnapshot.UID != uid {
-			updatedInstances = append(updatedInstances, sm.serviceInstances[x])
-		} else {
-			// Flip the found when we match
-			found = true
-			serviceInstance = sm.serviceInstances[x]
-		}
-	}
-	// If we've been through all services and not found the correct one then error
-	if !found {
-		// TODO: - fix UX
-		// return fmt.Errorf("unable to find/stop service [%s]", uid)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Determine if this this VIP is shared with other loadbalancers
-	shared := false
-	vipSet := make(map[string]interface{})
-	for x := range updatedInstances {
-		for _, vip := range fetchServiceAddresses(updatedInstances[x].serviceSnapshot) { //updatedInstances[x].serviceSnapshot.Spec.LoadBalancerIP {
-			vipSet[vip] = nil
-		}
-	}
-	for _, vip := range fetchServiceAddresses(serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot) {
-		if _, found := vipSet[vip]; found {
-			shared = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !shared {
-		for x := range serviceInstance.clusters {
-			serviceInstance.clusters[x].Stop()
-		}
-		if serviceInstance.isDHCP {
-			serviceInstance.dhcpClient.Stop()
-			macvlan, err := netlink.LinkByName(serviceInstance.dhcpInterface)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error finding VIP Interface: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = netlink.LinkDel(macvlan)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting DHCP Link : %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		// TODO: Implement dual-stack loadbalancer support if BGP is enabled
-		for i := range serviceInstance.vipConfigs {
-			if serviceInstance.vipConfigs[i].EnableBGP {
-				cidrVip := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", serviceInstance.vipConfigs[i].VIP, serviceInstance.vipConfigs[i].VIPCIDR)
-				err := sm.bgpServer.DelHost(cidrVip)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("[BGP] error deleting BGP host: %v", err)
-				}
-				log.Debug("[BGP] delete", "host", cidrVip)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// We will need to tear down the egress
-		if serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Annotations[egress] == "true" {
-			if serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Annotations[activeEndpoint] != "" {
-				log.Info("egress re-write enabled", "service", serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Name)
-				err := sm.TeardownEgress(serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Annotations[activeEndpoint], serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Spec.LoadBalancerIP, serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Namespace, serviceInstance.serviceSnapshot.Annotations)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error("egress teardown", "err", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update the service array
-	sm.serviceInstances = updatedInstances
-
-	log.Info("Removed instance from manager", "uid", uid, "remaining advertised services", len(sm.serviceInstances))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Set up UPNP forwards for a service
-// We first try to use the more modern Pinhole API introduced in UPNPv2 and fall back to UPNPv2 Port Forwarding if no forward was successful
-func (sm *Manager) upnpMap(ctx context.Context, s *Instance) {
-	if !isUPNPEnabled(s.serviceSnapshot) {
-		// Skip services missing the annotation
-		return
-	}
-	if !sm.upnp {
-		log.Warn("[UPNP] Found kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP on service while UPNP forwarding is disabled in the kube-vip config. Not forwarding", "service", s.serviceSnapshot.Name)
-	}
-	// If upnp is enabled then update the gateway/router with the address
-	// TODO - check if this implementation for dualstack is correct
-
-	gateways := upnp.GetGatewayClients(ctx)
-
-	// Reset Gateway IPs to remove stale addresses
-	s.upnpGatewayIPs = make([]string, 0)
-
-	for _, vip := range fetchServiceAddresses(s.serviceSnapshot) {
-		for _, port := range s.serviceSnapshot.Spec.Ports {
-			for _, gw := range gateways {
-				log.Info("[UPNP] Adding map", "vip", vip, "port", port.Port, "service", s.serviceSnapshot.Name, "gateway", gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient.Location)
-
-				forwardSucessful := false
-				if gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient != nil {
-					pinholeID, pinholeErr := gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient.AddPinholeCtx(ctx, "0.0.0.0", uint16(port.Port), vip, uint16(port.Port), upnp.MapProtocolToIANA(string(port.Protocol)), 3600) //nolint  TODO
-					if pinholeErr == nil {
-						forwardSucessful = true
-						log.Info("[UPNP] Service should be accessible externally", "port", port.Port, "pinhold ID", pinholeID)
-					} else {
-						//TODO: Cleanup
-						log.Error("[UPNP] Unable to map port to gateway using Pinhole API", "err", pinholeErr.Error())
-					}
-				}
-				// Fallback to PortForward
-				if !forwardSucessful {
-					portMappingErr := gw.ConnectionClient.AddPortMapping("0.0.0.0", uint16(port.Port), strings.ToUpper(string(port.Protocol)), uint16(port.Port), vip, true, s.serviceSnapshot.Name, 3600) //nolint  TODO
-					if portMappingErr == nil {
-						log.Info("[UPNP] Service should be accessible externally", "port", port.Port)
-						forwardSucessful = true
-					} else {
-						//TODO: Cleanup
-						log.Error("[UPNP] Unable to map port to gateway using PortForward API", "err", portMappingErr.Error())
-					}
-				}
-
-				if forwardSucessful {
-					ip, err := gw.ConnectionClient.GetExternalIPAddress()
-					if err == nil {
-						s.upnpGatewayIPs = append(s.upnpGatewayIPs, ip)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Remove duplicate IPs
-	slices.Sort(s.upnpGatewayIPs)
-	s.upnpGatewayIPs = slices.Compact(s.upnpGatewayIPs)
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) updateStatus(i *Instance) error {
-	// let's retry status update every 10ms for 30s
-	retryConfig := wait.Backoff{
-		Steps:    3000,
-		Duration: 10 * time.Millisecond,
-		Factor:   0,
-		Jitter:   0.1,
-	}
-	// will retry for every error encountered, TODO: should a list of errors that will trigger retry be specified?
-	err := retry.OnError(retryConfig, func(error) bool { return true }, func() error {
-		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
-		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
-		currentService, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(i.serviceSnapshot.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), i.serviceSnapshot.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		currentServiceCopy := currentService.DeepCopy()
-		if currentServiceCopy.Annotations == nil {
-			currentServiceCopy.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
-		}
-
-		// If we're using ARP then we can only broadcast the VIP from one place, add an annotation to the service
-		if sm.config.EnableARP {
-			// Add the current host
-			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[vipHost] = sm.config.NodeName
-		}
-		if i.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr != "" || i.dhcpInterfaceIP != "" {
-			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[hwAddrKey] = i.dhcpInterfaceHwaddr
-			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[requestedIP] = i.dhcpInterfaceIP
-		}
-
-		if currentService.Annotations["development.kube-vip.io/synthetic-api-server-error-on-update"] == "true" {
-			log.Error("(Synthetic error ) updating Spec", "service", i.serviceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("(Synthetic) simulating api server errors")
-		}
-
-		if !cmp.Equal(currentService, currentServiceCopy) {
-			currentService, err = sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentServiceCopy.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("updating Spec", "service", i.serviceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		ports := make([]v1.PortStatus, 0, len(i.serviceSnapshot.Spec.Ports))
-		for _, port := range i.serviceSnapshot.Spec.Ports {
-			ports = append(ports, v1.PortStatus{
-				Port:     port.Port,
-				Protocol: port.Protocol,
-			})
-		}
-
-		ingresses := []v1.LoadBalancerIngress{}
-
-		for _, c := range i.vipConfigs {
-			if !vip.IsIP(c.VIP) {
-				ips, err := vip.LookupHost(c.VIP, sm.config.DNSMode)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				for _, ip := range ips {
-					i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
-						IP:    ip,
-						Ports: ports,
-					}
-					ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
-				}
-			} else {
-				i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
-					IP:    c.VIP,
-					Ports: ports,
-				}
-				ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
-			}
-			if isUPNPEnabled(currentService) {
-				for _, ip := range i.upnpGatewayIPs {
-					i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
-						IP:    ip,
-						Ports: ports,
-					}
-					ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if !cmp.Equal(currentService.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress, ingresses) {
-			currentService.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress = ingresses
-			_, err = sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).UpdateStatus(context.TODO(), currentService, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("updating Service", "namespace", i.serviceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", i.serviceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// fetchServiceAddresses tries to get the addresses from annotations
-// kube-vip.io/loadbalancerIPs, then from spec.loadbalancerIP
-func fetchServiceAddresses(s *v1.Service) []string {
-	annotationAvailable := false
-	if s.Annotations != nil {
-		if v, annotationAvailable := s.Annotations[loadbalancerIPAnnotation]; annotationAvailable {
-			ips := strings.Split(v, ",")
-			var trimmedIPs []string
-			for _, ip := range ips {
-				trimmedIPs = append(trimmedIPs, strings.TrimSpace(ip))
-			}
-			return trimmedIPs
-		}
-	}
-
-	lbStatusAddresses := []string{}
-	if !annotationAvailable {
-		if len(s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 {
-			for _, ingress := range s.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress {
-				lbStatusAddresses = append(lbStatusAddresses, ingress.IP)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	lbIP := net.ParseIP(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
-	isLbIPv4 := vip.IsIPv4(s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP)
-
-	if len(lbStatusAddresses) > 0 {
-		for _, a := range lbStatusAddresses {
-			if lbStatusIP := net.ParseIP(a); lbStatusIP != nil && lbIP != nil && vip.IsIPv4(a) == isLbIPv4 && !lbIP.Equal(lbStatusIP) {
-				return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}
-			}
-		}
-		return lbStatusAddresses
-	}
-
-	if s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP != "" {
-		return []string{s.Spec.LoadBalancerIP}
-	}
-
-	return []string{}
-}
-
-func isUPNPEnabled(s *v1.Service) bool {
-	return metav1.HasAnnotation(s.ObjectMeta, upnpEnabled) && s.Annotations[upnpEnabled] == "true"
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/servicesLeader.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/servicesLeader.go
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
-)
-
-var (
-	svcLocks map[string]*sync.Mutex
-)
-
-func init() {
-	svcLocks = make(map[string]*sync.Mutex)
-}
-
-// The startServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
-func (sm *Manager) startServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx context.Context) error {
-	err := sm.servicesWatcher(ctx, sm.StartServicesLeaderElection)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, instance := range sm.serviceInstances {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				_ = cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
-			}
-			cluster.Stop()
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Info("Shutting down kube-Vip")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// The startServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
-func (sm *Manager) StartServicesLeaderElection(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
-	serviceLease := fmt.Sprintf("kubevip-%s", service.Name)
-	log.Info("new leader election", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "lock_name", serviceLease, "host_id", sm.config.NodeName)
-	// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
-	// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
-	lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
-		LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      serviceLease,
-			Namespace: service.Namespace,
-		},
-		Client: sm.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
-		LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
-			Identity: sm.config.NodeName,
-		},
-	}
-	childCtx, childCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer childCancel()
-
-	if _, ok := svcLocks[serviceLease]; !ok {
-		svcLocks[serviceLease] = new(sync.Mutex)
-	}
-
-	svcLocks[serviceLease].Lock()
-	defer svcLocks[serviceLease].Unlock()
-
-	activeService[string(service.UID)] = true
-	// start the leader election code loop
-	leaderelection.RunOrDie(childCtx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
-		Lock: lock,
-		// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
-		// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
-		// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
-		// loop still running and another process could
-		// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
-		// the stated goal of the lease.
-		ReleaseOnCancel: true,
-		LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(sm.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
-		RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(sm.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
-		RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(sm.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
-		Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
-			OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
-				// Mark this service as active (as we've started leading)
-				// we run this in background as it's blocking
-				if err := sm.syncServices(ctx, service); err != nil {
-					log.Error("service sync", "err", err)
-					childCancel()
-				}
-			},
-			OnStoppedLeading: func() {
-				// we can do cleanup here
-				log.Info("leadership lost", "service", service.Name, "leader", sm.config.NodeName)
-				if activeService[string(service.UID)] {
-					if err := sm.deleteService(service.UID); err != nil {
-						log.Error("service deletion", "err", err)
-					}
-				}
-				// Mark this service is inactive
-				activeService[string(service.UID)] = false
-			},
-			OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
-				// we're notified when new leader elected
-				if identity == sm.config.NodeName {
-					// I just got the lock
-					return
-				}
-				log.Info("new leader", "leader", identity)
-			},
-		},
-	})
-	log.Info("stopping leader election", "service", service.Name)
-	return nil
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/watch_annotations.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/watch_annotations.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (

 	log "log/slog"

-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"

 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 	// they're as needed
 	log.Warn(err.Error())

-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcher(node.ResourceVersion, &cache.ListWatch{
+	// TODO, will need refactoring as part of rikatz work
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(context.TODO(), node.ResourceVersion, &cache.ListWatch{
 		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
 			return sm.rwClientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Watch(context.Background(), listOptions)
 		},
@@ -150,8 +151,8 @@ func (sm *Manager) annotationsWatcher() error {
 // * `<info>` is the relevant information, such as `node-asn` or `peer-ip`
 // * `{{n}}` is the number of the peer, always starting with `0`
 // * kube-vip is only designed to manage one peer, just look for {{n}} == 0
-func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bgp.Config, bgp.Peer, error) {
-	bgpPeer := bgp.Peer{}
+func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig kubevip.BGPConfig, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (kubevip.BGPConfig, kubevip.BGPPeer, error) {
+	bgpPeer := kubevip.BGPPeer{}

 	nodeASN := ""
 	for k, v := range node.Annotations {
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ func parseBgpAnnotations(bgpConfig bgp.Config, node *v1.Node, prefix string) (bg

 	peerIPs := strings.Split(peerIPString, ",")

-	bgpConfig.Peers = make([]bgp.Peer, 0, len(peerIPs))
+	bgpConfig.Peers = make([]kubevip.BGPPeer, 0, len(peerIPs))
 	for _, peerIP := range peerIPs {
 		ipAddr := strings.TrimSpace(peerIP)

--- a/pkg/manager/watch_endpoints.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/watch_endpoints.go
@@ -1,501 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	discoveryv1 "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/fields"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
-	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
-)
-
-type epProvider interface {
-	createRetryWatcher(context.Context, *Manager,
-		*v1.Service) (*watchtools.RetryWatcher, error)
-	getAllEndpoints() ([]string, error)
-	getLocalEndpoints(string, *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error)
-	getLabel() string
-	updateServiceAnnotation(string, string, *v1.Service, *Manager) error
-	loadObject(runtime.Object, context.CancelFunc) error
-	getProtocol() string
-}
-
-type endpointsProvider struct {
-	label     string
-	endpoints *v1.Endpoints
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) createRetryWatcher(ctx context.Context, sm *Manager,
-	service *v1.Service) (*watchtools.RetryWatcher, error) {
-	opts := metav1.ListOptions{
-		FieldSelector: fields.OneTermEqualSelector("metadata.name", service.Name).String(),
-	}
-
-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcher("1", &cache.ListWatch{
-		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
-			return sm.rwClientSet.CoreV1().Endpoints(service.Namespace).Watch(ctx, opts)
-		},
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating endpoint watcher: %s", err.Error())
-	}
-
-	return rw, nil
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) loadObject(endpoints runtime.Object, cancel context.CancelFunc) error {
-	eps, ok := endpoints.(*v1.Endpoints)
-	if !ok {
-		cancel()
-		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher", ep.getLabel())
-	}
-	ep.endpoints = eps
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) getAllEndpoints() ([]string, error) {
-	result := []string{}
-	for subset := range ep.endpoints.Subsets {
-		for address := range ep.endpoints.Subsets[subset].Addresses {
-			addr := strings.Split(ep.endpoints.Subsets[subset].Addresses[address].IP, "/")
-			result = append(result, addr[0])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) getLocalEndpoints(id string, _ *kubevip.Config) ([]string, error) {
-	var localEndpoints []string
-
-	for _, subset := range ep.endpoints.Subsets {
-		for _, address := range subset.Addresses {
-			log.Debug("processing endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP)
-
-			// 1. Compare the Nodename
-			if address.NodeName != nil && id == *address.NodeName {
-				log.Debug("found local endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP, "hostname", address.Hostname, "nodename", *address.NodeName)
-				localEndpoints = append(localEndpoints, address.IP)
-				continue
-			}
-			// 2. Compare the Hostname (only useful if address.NodeName is not available)
-			if id == address.Hostname {
-				log.Debug("found local endpoint", "label", ep.label, "ip", address.IP, "hostname", address.Hostname)
-				localEndpoints = append(localEndpoints, address.IP)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return localEndpoints, nil
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) updateServiceAnnotation(endpoint string, _ string, service *v1.Service, sm *Manager) error {
-	retryErr := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
-		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
-		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
-		currentService, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(service.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), service.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		currentServiceCopy := currentService.DeepCopy()
-		if currentServiceCopy.Annotations == nil {
-			currentServiceCopy.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
-		}
-
-		currentServiceCopy.Annotations[activeEndpoint] = endpoint
-
-		_, err = sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("error updating Service Spec", "label", ep.getLabel(), "name", currentServiceCopy.Name, "err", err)
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	if retryErr != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to set Services", "label", ep.getLabel(), "err", retryErr)
-		return retryErr
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) getLabel() string {
-	return ep.label
-}
-
-func (ep *endpointsProvider) getProtocol() string {
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) watchEndpoint(ctx context.Context, id string, service *v1.Service, provider epProvider) error {
-	log.Info("watching", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "service_name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
-	leaderContext, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var leaderElectionActive bool
-
-	rw, err := provider.createRetryWatcher(leaderContext, sm, service)
-	if err != nil {
-		cancel()
-		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error watching endpoints: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-	}
-
-	exitFunction := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			log.Debug("context cancelled", "provider", provider.getLabel())
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-			cancel()
-			return
-		case <-sm.shutdownChan:
-			log.Debug("shutdown called", "provider", provider.getLabel())
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-			cancel()
-			return
-		case <-exitFunction:
-			log.Debug("function ending", "provider", provider.getLabel())
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
-			cancel()
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	ch := rw.ResultChan()
-
-	var lastKnownGoodEndpoint string
-	for event := range ch {
-		activeEndpointAnnotation := activeEndpoint
-		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
-		switch event.Type {
-
-		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
-
-			if err = provider.loadObject(event.Object, cancel); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error loading k8s object: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-			}
-
-			if sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices && provider.getProtocol() == string(discoveryv1.AddressTypeIPv6) {
-				activeEndpointAnnotation = activeEndpointIPv6
-			}
-
-			// Build endpoints
-			var endpoints []string
-			if (sm.config.EnableBGP || sm.config.EnableRoutingTable) && !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection &&
-				service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
-				if endpoints, err = provider.getAllEndpoints(); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting all endpoints: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-				}
-			} else {
-				if endpoints, err = provider.getLocalEndpoints(id, sm.config); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting local endpoints: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-				instance := sm.findServiceInstance(service)
-				if instance == nil {
-					log.Error("error finding instance", "service", service.UID, "provider", provider.getLabel(), "err", err)
-				} else {
-					instance.HasEndpoints = len(endpoints) > 0
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Find out if we have any local endpoints
-			// if out endpoint is empty then populate it
-			// if not, go through the endpoints and see if ours still exists
-			// If we have a local endpoint then begin the leader Election, unless it's already running
-			//
-
-			// Check that we have local endpoints
-			if len(endpoints) != 0 {
-				// Ignore IPv4
-				if service.Annotations[egressIPv6] == "true" && net.ParseIP(endpoints[0]).To4() != nil {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// if we haven't populated one, then do so
-				if lastKnownGoodEndpoint != "" {
-
-					// check out previous endpoint exists
-					stillExists := false
-
-					for x := range endpoints {
-						if endpoints[x] == lastKnownGoodEndpoint {
-							stillExists = true
-						}
-					}
-					// If the last endpoint no longer exists, we cancel our leader Election, and set another endpoint as last known good
-					if !stillExists {
-						if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-							if err := sm.TeardownEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service.Spec.LoadBalancerIP,
-								service.Namespace, service.Annotations); err != nil {
-								log.Warn("removing redundant egress rules", "err", err)
-							}
-						}
-						if leaderElectionActive && (sm.config.EnableServicesElection || sm.config.EnableLeaderElection) {
-							log.Warn(" existing endpoint has been removed, restarting leaderElection", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
-							// Stop the existing leaderElection
-							cancel()
-							// disable last leaderElection flag
-							leaderElectionActive = false
-						}
-						// Set our active endpoint to an existing one
-						lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
-					}
-				} else {
-					lastKnownGoodEndpoint = endpoints[0]
-				}
-
-				if !leaderElectionActive && sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
-					go func() {
-						leaderContext, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-						// This is a blocking function, that will restart (in the event of failure)
-						for {
-							// if the context isn't cancelled restart
-							if leaderContext.Err() != context.Canceled {
-								leaderElectionActive = true
-								err := sm.StartServicesLeaderElection(leaderContext, service)
-								if err != nil {
-									log.Error(err.Error())
-								}
-								leaderElectionActive = false
-							} else {
-								leaderElectionActive = false
-								break
-							}
-						}
-					}()
-				}
-
-				isRouteConfigured, err := isRouteConfigured(service.UID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error while checking if route is configured: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-				}
-				// There are local endpoints available on the node
-				if !sm.config.EnableServicesElection && !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !isRouteConfigured {
-					// If routing table mode is enabled - routes should be added per node
-					if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-						instance, err := sm.findServiceInstanceWithTimeout(ctx, service)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("error finding instance", "service", service.UID, "provider", provider.getLabel(), "err", err)
-						}
-						if instance != nil {
-							for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-								for i := range cluster.Network {
-									err := cluster.Network[i].AddRoute(false)
-									if err != nil {
-										if errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
-											// If route exists try to update it if necessary
-											isUpdated, err := cluster.Network[i].UpdateRoutes()
-											if err != nil {
-												return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error updating existing routes: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-											}
-											if isUpdated {
-												log.Debug("updated route", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP())
-											}
-										} else {
-											// If other error occurs, return error
-											return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error adding route: %s", provider.getLabel(), err.Error())
-										}
-									} else {
-										log.Info("added route", "provider",
-											provider.getLabel(), "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", sm.config.RoutingTableID)
-										configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(service.UID), true)
-										leaderElectionActive = true
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					// If BGP mode is enabled - hosts should be added per node
-					if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-						instance, err := sm.findServiceInstanceWithTimeout(ctx, service)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("error finding instance", "service", service.UID, "provider", provider.getLabel(), "err", err)
-						}
-						if instance != nil {
-							for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-								for i := range cluster.Network {
-									address := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cluster.Network[i].IP(), sm.config.VIPCIDR)
-									log.Debug("attempting to advertise BGP service", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "ip", address)
-									err := sm.bgpServer.AddHost(address)
-									if err != nil {
-										log.Error("error adding BGP host", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "err", err)
-									} else {
-										log.Info("added BGP host", "provider",
-											provider.getLabel(), "ip", address, "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-										configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(service.UID), true)
-										leaderElectionActive = true
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				// There are no local endpoints
-				if !sm.config.EnableServicesElection && !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-					// If routing table mode is enabled - routes should be deleted
-					if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-						if errs := sm.clearRoutes(service); len(errs) == 0 {
-							configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(service.UID), false)
-						} else {
-							for _, err := range errs {
-								log.Error("error while clearing routes", "err", err)
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					// If BGP mode is enabled - routes should be deleted
-					if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-						if instance := sm.findServiceInstance(service); instance != nil {
-							for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-								for i := range cluster.Network {
-									address := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cluster.Network[i].IP(), sm.config.VIPCIDR)
-									err := sm.bgpServer.DelHost(address)
-									if err != nil {
-										log.Error("deleting BGP host", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "ip", address, "err", err)
-									} else {
-										log.Info("deleted BGP host", "provider",
-											provider.getLabel(), "ip", address, "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-										configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(service.UID), false)
-										leaderElectionActive = false
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				// If there are no local endpoints, and we had one then remove it and stop the leaderElection
-				if lastKnownGoodEndpoint != "" {
-					log.Warn("existing endpoint has been removed, no remaining endpoints for leaderElection", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint)
-					if err := sm.TeardownEgress(lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service.Spec.LoadBalancerIP, service.Namespace, service.Annotations); err != nil {
-						log.Error("error removing redundant egress rules", "err", err)
-					}
-
-					lastKnownGoodEndpoint = "" // reset endpoint
-					if sm.config.EnableServicesElection || sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-						cancel() // stop services watcher
-					}
-					leaderElectionActive = false
-				}
-			}
-			// Set the service accordingly
-			if service.Annotations[egress] == "true" {
-				service.Annotations[activeEndpointAnnotation] = lastKnownGoodEndpoint
-			}
-
-			log.Debug("watcher", "provider",
-				provider.getLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "endpoints", len(endpoints), "last endpoint", lastKnownGoodEndpoint, "active leader election", leaderElectionActive)
-
-		case watch.Deleted:
-			// When no-leader-elecition mode
-			if !sm.config.EnableServicesElection && !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection {
-				// find all existing local endpoints
-				var endpoints []string
-				if (sm.config.EnableBGP || sm.config.EnableRoutingTable) && !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection &&
-					service.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
-					if endpoints, err = provider.getAllEndpoints(); err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting all endpoints: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-					}
-				} else {
-					if endpoints, err = provider.getLocalEndpoints(id, sm.config); err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error getting all endpoints: %w", provider.getLabel(), err)
-					}
-				}
-
-				// If there were local endpoints deleted
-				if len(endpoints) > 0 {
-					// Delete all routes in routing table mode
-					if sm.config.EnableRoutingTable {
-						sm.clearRoutes(service)
-					}
-
-					// Delete all hosts in BGP mode
-					if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-						sm.clearBGPHosts(service)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Close the goroutine that will end the retry watcher, then exit the endpoint watcher function
-			close(exitFunction)
-			log.Info("stopping watching", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-
-			return nil
-		case watch.Error:
-			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
-			statusErr, _ := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
-			log.Error("watch error", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "err", statusErr)
-		}
-	}
-	close(exitFunction)
-	log.Info("stopping watching", "provider", provider.getLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-	return nil //nolint:govet
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) clearRoutes(service *v1.Service) []error {
-	errs := []error{}
-	if instance := sm.findServiceInstance(service); instance != nil {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				route := cluster.Network[i].PrepareRoute()
-				// check if route we are about to delete is not referenced by more than one service
-				if sm.countRouteReferences(route) <= 1 {
-					err := cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
-					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
-						log.Error("failed to delete route", "ip", cluster.Network[i].IP(), "err", err)
-						errs = append(errs, err)
-					}
-					log.Debug("deleted route", "ip",
-						cluster.Network[i].IP(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "interface", cluster.Network[i].Interface(), "tableID", sm.config.RoutingTableID)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return errs
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) clearBGPHosts(service *v1.Service) {
-	if instance := sm.findServiceInstance(service); instance != nil {
-		for _, cluster := range instance.clusters {
-			for i := range cluster.Network {
-				address := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cluster.Network[i].IP(), sm.config.VIPCIDR)
-				err := sm.bgpServer.DelHost(address)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error("[endpoint] error deleting BGP host", "err", err)
-				} else {
-					log.Debug("[endpoint] deleted BGP host", "ip",
-						address, "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/watch_services.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/watch_services.go
@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-package manager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"sync"
-
-	log "log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
-	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
-)
-
-// TODO: Fix the naming of these contexts
-
-// activeServiceLoadBalancer keeps track of services that already have a leaderElection in place
-var activeServiceLoadBalancer map[string]context.Context
-
-// activeServiceLoadBalancer keeps track of services that already have a leaderElection in place
-var activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel map[string]func()
-
-// activeService keeps track of services that already have a leaderElection in place
-var activeService map[string]bool
-
-// watchedService keeps track of services that are already being watched
-var watchedService map[string]bool
-
-// watchedService keeps track of routes that has been configured on the node
-var configuredLocalRoutes sync.Map
-
-func init() {
-	// Set up the caches for monitoring existing active or watched services
-	activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel = make(map[string]func())
-	activeServiceLoadBalancer = make(map[string]context.Context)
-	activeService = make(map[string]bool)
-	watchedService = make(map[string]bool)
-}
-
-// This function handles the watching of a services endpoints and updates a load balancers endpoint configurations accordingly
-func (sm *Manager) servicesWatcher(ctx context.Context, serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) error {
-	// first start port mirroring if enabled
-	if err := sm.startTrafficMirroringIfEnabled(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		// clean up traffic mirror related config
-		err := sm.stopTrafficMirroringIfEnabled()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Stopping traffic mirroring", "err", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if sm.config.ServiceNamespace == "" {
-		// v1.NamespaceAll is actually "", but we'll stay with the const in case things change upstream
-		sm.config.ServiceNamespace = v1.NamespaceAll
-		log.Info("(svcs) starting services watcher for all namespaces")
-	} else {
-		log.Info("(svcs) starting services watcher", "namespace", sm.config.ServiceNamespace)
-	}
-
-	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
-	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcher("1", &cache.ListWatch{
-		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
-			return sm.rwClientSet.CoreV1().Services(sm.config.ServiceNamespace).Watch(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating services watcher: %s", err.Error())
-	}
-	exitFunction := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		select {
-		case <-sm.shutdownChan:
-			log.Debug("(svcs) shutdown called")
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			return
-		case <-exitFunction:
-			log.Debug("(svcs) function ending")
-			// Stop the retry watcher
-			rw.Stop()
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-	ch := rw.ResultChan()
-
-	// Used for tracking an active endpoint / pod
-	for event := range ch {
-		sm.countServiceWatchEvent.With(prometheus.Labels{"type": string(event.Type)}).Add(1)
-
-		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
-		switch event.Type {
-		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
-			// log.Debugf("Endpoints for service [%s] have been Created or modified", s.service.ServiceName)
-			svc, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Service)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher")
-			}
-
-			// We only care about LoadBalancer services
-			if svc.Spec.Type != v1.ServiceTypeLoadBalancer {
-				break
-			}
-
-			// Check if we ignore this service
-			if svc.Annotations["kube-vip.io/ignore"] == "true" {
-				log.Info("ignore annotation for kube-vip", "service name", svc.Name)
-				break
-			}
-
-			// Select loadbalancer class filtering function
-			lbClassFilterFunc := sm.lbClassFilter
-			if sm.config.LoadBalancerClassLegacyHandling {
-				lbClassFilterFunc = sm.lbClassFilterLegacy
-			}
-
-			// Check the loadBalancer class
-			if lbClassFilterFunc(svc) {
-				break
-			}
-
-			svcAddresses := fetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-
-			// We only care about LoadBalancer services that have been allocated an address
-			if len(svcAddresses) <= 0 {
-				break
-			}
-
-			// The modified event should only be triggered if the service has been modified (i.e. moved somewhere else)
-			if event.Type == watch.Modified {
-				for _, addr := range svcAddresses {
-					// log.Debugf("(svcs) Retreiving local addresses, to ensure that this modified address doesn't exist: %s", addr)
-					f, err := vip.GarbageCollect(sm.config.Interface, addr)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Error("(svcs) cleaning existing address error", "err", err)
-					}
-					if f {
-						log.Warn("(svcs) already found existing config", "address", addr, "adapter", sm.config.Interface)
-					}
-				}
-				// This service has been modified, but it was also active..
-				if activeService[string(svc.UID)] {
-
-					i := sm.findServiceInstance(svc)
-					if i != nil {
-						originalService := fetchServiceAddresses(i.serviceSnapshot)
-						newService := fetchServiceAddresses(svc)
-						if !reflect.DeepEqual(originalService, newService) {
-
-							// Calls the cancel function of the context
-							if activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel[string(svc.UID)] != nil {
-								log.Warn("(svcs) The load balancer has changed, cancelling original load balancer")
-								activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel[string(svc.UID)]()
-								<-activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)].Done()
-								log.Warn("(svcs) waiting for load balancer to finish")
-							}
-							err = sm.deleteService(svc.UID)
-							if err != nil {
-								log.Error("(svc) unable to remove", "service", svc.UID)
-							}
-							activeService[string(svc.UID)] = false
-							watchedService[string(svc.UID)] = false
-							delete(activeServiceLoadBalancer, string(svc.UID))
-							configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(svc.UID), false)
-						}
-						// in theory this should never fail
-
-					}
-
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Architecture walkthrough: (Had to do this as this code path is making my head hurt)
-
-			// Is the service active (bool), if not then process this new service
-			// Does this service use an election per service?
-			//
-
-			if !activeService[string(svc.UID)] {
-				log.Debug("(svcs) has been added/modified with addresses", "service name", svc.Name, "ip", fetchServiceAddresses(svc))
-
-				activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel[string(svc.UID)] = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-				if sm.config.EnableServicesElection || // Service Election
-					((sm.config.EnableRoutingTable || sm.config.EnableBGP) && // Routing table mode or BGP
-						(!sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection)) { // No leaderelection or services election
-
-					// If this load balancer Traffic Policy is "local"
-					if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
-
-						// Start an endpoint watcher if we're not watching it already
-						if !watchedService[string(svc.UID)] {
-							// background the endpoint watcher
-							go func() {
-								if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
-									// Add Endpoint or EndpointSlices watcher
-									var provider epProvider
-									if !sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices {
-										provider = &endpointsProvider{label: "endpoints"}
-									} else {
-										provider = &endpointslicesProvider{label: "endpointslices"}
-									}
-									if err = sm.watchEndpoint(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], sm.config.NodeName, svc, provider); err != nil {
-										log.Error(err.Error())
-									}
-								}
-							}()
-
-							if (sm.config.EnableRoutingTable || sm.config.EnableBGP) && (!sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection) {
-								go func() {
-									err = serviceFunc(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], svc)
-									if err != nil {
-										log.Error(err.Error())
-									}
-								}()
-							}
-							// We're now watching this service
-							watchedService[string(svc.UID)] = true
-						}
-					} else if (sm.config.EnableBGP || sm.config.EnableRoutingTable) && (!sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection) {
-						go func() {
-							if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
-								// Add Endpoint watcher
-								var provider epProvider
-								if !sm.config.EnableEndpointSlices {
-									provider = &endpointsProvider{label: "endpoints"}
-								} else {
-									provider = &endpointslicesProvider{label: "endpointslices"}
-								}
-								if err = sm.watchEndpoint(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], sm.config.NodeName, svc, provider); err != nil {
-									log.Error(err.Error())
-								}
-							}
-						}()
-
-						go func() {
-							err = serviceFunc(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], svc)
-							if err != nil {
-								log.Error(err.Error())
-							}
-						}()
-					} else {
-
-						go func() {
-							for {
-								select {
-								case <-activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)].Done():
-									log.Warn("(svcs) restartable service watcher ending", "uid", svc.UID)
-									return
-								default:
-									log.Info("(svcs) restartable service watcher starting", "uid", svc.UID)
-									err = serviceFunc(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], svc)
-
-									if err != nil {
-										log.Error(err.Error())
-									}
-								}
-							}
-
-						}()
-					}
-				} else {
-					// Increment the waitGroup before the service Func is called (Done is completed in there)
-					err = serviceFunc(activeServiceLoadBalancer[string(svc.UID)], svc)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Error(err.Error())
-					}
-				}
-				activeService[string(svc.UID)] = true
-			}
-		case watch.Deleted:
-			svc, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Service)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher")
-			}
-			if activeService[string(svc.UID)] {
-
-				// We only care about LoadBalancer services
-				if svc.Spec.Type != v1.ServiceTypeLoadBalancer {
-					break
-				}
-
-				// We can ignore this service
-				if svc.Annotations["kube-vip.io/ignore"] == "true" {
-					log.Info("(svcs)ignore annotation for kube-vip", "service name", svc.Name)
-					break
-				}
-
-				isRouteConfigured, err := isRouteConfigured(svc.UID)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("error while checkig if route is configured: %w", err)
-				}
-				// If no leader election is enabled, delete routes here
-				if !sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection &&
-					sm.config.EnableRoutingTable && isRouteConfigured {
-					if errs := sm.clearRoutes(svc); len(errs) == 0 {
-						configuredLocalRoutes.Store(string(svc.UID), false)
-					}
-				}
-
-				// If this is an active service then and additional leaderElection will handle stopping
-				err = sm.deleteService(svc.UID)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Error(err.Error())
-				}
-
-				// Calls the cancel function of the context
-				if activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel[string(svc.UID)] != nil {
-					activeServiceLoadBalancerCancel[string(svc.UID)]()
-				}
-				activeService[string(svc.UID)] = false
-				watchedService[string(svc.UID)] = false
-			}
-
-			if (sm.config.EnableBGP || sm.config.EnableRoutingTable) && sm.config.EnableLeaderElection && !sm.config.EnableServicesElection {
-				if sm.config.EnableBGP {
-					instance := sm.findServiceInstance(svc)
-					for _, vip := range instance.vipConfigs {
-						vipCidr := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", vip.VIP, vip.VIPCIDR)
-						err = sm.bgpServer.DelHost(vipCidr)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Error("error deleting host", "ip", vipCidr, "err", err)
-						}
-					}
-				} else {
-					sm.clearRoutes(svc)
-				}
-			}
-
-			log.Info("(svcs) deleted", "service name", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace)
-		case watch.Bookmark:
-			// Un-used
-		case watch.Error:
-			log.Error("Error attempting to watch Kubernetes services")
-
-			// This round trip allows us to handle unstructured status
-			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
-			statusErr, ok := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
-			if !ok {
-				log.Error(spew.Sprintf("Received an error which is not *metav1.Status but %#+v", event.Object))
-			}
-
-			status := statusErr.ErrStatus
-			log.Error("services", "err", status)
-		default:
-		}
-	}
-	close(exitFunction)
-	log.Warn("Stopping watching services for type: LoadBalancer in all namespaces")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) lbClassFilterLegacy(svc *v1.Service) bool {
-	if svc == nil {
-		log.Info("(svcs) service is nil, ignoring")
-		return true
-	}
-	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != nil {
-		// if this isn't nil then it has been configured, check if it the kube-vip loadBalancer class
-		if *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName {
-			log.Info("(svcs) specified the wrong loadBalancer class", "service name", svc.Name, "lbClass", *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass)
-			return true
-		}
-	} else if sm.config.LoadBalancerClassOnly {
-		// if kube-vip is configured to only recognize services with kube-vip's lb class, then ignore the services without any lb class
-		log.Info("(svcs) kube-vip configured to only recognize services with kube-vip's lb class but the service didn't specify any loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name)
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (sm *Manager) lbClassFilter(svc *v1.Service) bool {
-	if svc == nil {
-		log.Info("(svcs) service is nil, ignoring")
-		return true
-	}
-	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass == nil && sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName != "" {
-		log.Info("(svcs) no loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name, "expected lbClass", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName)
-		return true
-	}
-	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass == nil && sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	if *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName {
-		log.Info("(svcs) specified wrong loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name, "wrong lbClass", *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass, "expected lbClass", sm.config.LoadBalancerClassName)
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func isRouteConfigured(serviceUID types.UID) (bool, error) {
-	isConfigured := false
-	value, ok := configuredLocalRoutes.Load(string(serviceUID))
-	if ok {
-		isConfigured, ok = value.(bool)
-		if !ok {
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("error converting configuredLocalRoute item to boolean value")
-		}
-	}
-
-	return isConfigured, nil
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/watcher_test.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/watcher_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "test", Annotations: map[string]string{}},
 	}

-	bgpConfigBase := bgp.Config{
+	bgpConfigBase := kubevip.BGPConfig{
 		HoldTime:          15,
 		KeepaliveInterval: 5,
 	}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestParseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Parsing BGP annotations should return nil when minimum config is met")
 	}

-	bgpPeers := []bgp.Peer{
+	bgpPeers := []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 		{Address: "10.0.0.1", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.2", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.3", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func TestParseNewBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "test", Annotations: map[string]string{}},
 	}

-	bgpConfigBase := bgp.Config{
+	bgpConfigBase := kubevip.BGPConfig{
 		HoldTime:          15,
 		KeepaliveInterval: 5,
 	}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestParseNewBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Parsing BGP annotations should return nil when minimum config is met [%v]", err)
 	}

-	bgpPeers := []bgp.Peer{
+	bgpPeers := []kubevip.BGPPeer{
 		{Address: "10.0.0.1", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.2", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
 		{Address: "10.0.0.3", AS: uint32(64000), Password: "password"},
@@ -121,15 +121,15 @@ func Test_parseBgpAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
 		args    args
-		want    bgp.Config
-		want1   bgp.Peer
+		want    kubevip.BGPConfig
+		want1   kubevip.BGPPeer
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
 		// TODO: Add test cases.
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, got1, err := parseBgpAnnotations(bgp.Config{}, tt.args.node, tt.args.prefix)
+			got, got1, err := parseBgpAnnotations(kubevip.BGPConfig{}, tt.args.node, tt.args.prefix)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
 				t.Errorf("parseBgpAnnotations() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 				return
--- a/pkg/networkinterface/networkinterface.go
+++ b/pkg/networkinterface/networkinterface.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package networkinterface
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	interfaces map[string]*Link
+}
+
+type Link struct {
+	Lock sync.Mutex
+	Intf netlink.Link
+}
+
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		interfaces: make(map[string]*Link),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Get(intf netlink.Link) *Link {
+	if l, ok := m.interfaces[intf.Attrs().Name]; ok {
+		return l
+	}
+	result := &Link{
+		Intf: intf,
+	}
+
+	m.interfaces[intf.Attrs().Name] = result
+	return result
+}
--- a/pkg/nftables/nftables.go
+++ b/pkg/nftables/nftables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+const (
+	NatTable  = "kube_vip_%s"
+	SNatChain = "kube_vip_snat_%s"
+)
+
+func ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, service, destinationPorts string, ignoreCIDR []string, IPv6 bool) error {
+	conn, err := nftables.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var tableName string
+	if IPv6 {
+		tableName = fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v6")
+	} else {
+		tableName = fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v4")
+	}
+	// Look up the table
+	if t, err := FilterTable(conn, tableName, IPv6); err != nil {
+		if t == nil {
+			// If it doesn't exist then create it
+			slog.Debug("[egress]", "Creating Table", tableName)
+			conn.AddTable(GetTable(IPv6))
+		}
+	}
+	slog.Debug("[egress]", "Creating Chain for service", service, utils.IPv6Family, IPv6)
+	conn.AddChain(GetSNatChain(IPv6, service))
+	err = conn.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Create our nftables rule
+	rule, err := CreateRule(podIP, vipIP, service, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDR, conn, IPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	slog.Debug("[egress]", "table", rule.Table.Name, "chain", rule.Chain.Name, "expr", rule.Exprs)
+	conn.AddRule(rule) // Add the rule
+
+	err = conn.Flush() // Commit the rule to nftables
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return conn.CloseLasting() // Close out any remaining netlink communication
+}
+
+func DeleteSNAT(IPv6 bool, service string) error {
+	conn, err := nftables.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var chainName = fmt.Sprintf(SNatChain, service)
+	slog.Info("[egress]", "Looking for", chainName)
+
+	chain, err := conn.ListChain(GetTable(IPv6), chainName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if chain != nil {
+		slog.Info("[egress]", "Deleting chain", chainName)
+		conn.DelChain(chain)
+		return conn.Flush()
+
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("unable to find chain [%s]", chainName)
+}
+
+func GetTable(IPv6 bool) *nftables.Table {
+	var tableName string
+	if IPv6 {
+		tableName = fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v6")
+	} else {
+		tableName = fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v4")
+	}
+	// Default to IPv4
+	table := &nftables.Table{
+		Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4,
+		Name:   tableName,
+	}
+
+	// Move to IPv6 if needed
+	if IPv6 {
+		table.Family = nftables.TableFamilyIPv6
+	}
+	return table
+}
+
+func GetSNatChain(IPv6 bool, service string) *nftables.Chain {
+	var chainName = fmt.Sprintf(SNatChain, service)
+	policy := nftables.ChainPolicyAccept
+	return &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainName,
+		Table:    GetTable(IPv6),
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATSource,
+		Policy:   &policy,
+	}
+}
+
+func FilterTable(conn *nftables.Conn, tableName string, IPv6 bool) (*nftables.Table, error) {
+	if IPv6 {
+		return conn.ListTableOfFamily(tableName, nftables.TableFamilyIPv6)
+	}
+	return conn.ListTableOfFamily(tableName, nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
+}
+
+// ClearTable will remove the original tables and create new empty ones
+func ClearTable(conn *nftables.Conn) error {
+	tableName := fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v6")
+	if t, err := FilterTable(conn, tableName, false); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if t != nil {
+		conn.DelTable(t)
+	}
+
+	// These don't return errors, so not 100% sure how to guarantee things were created
+	conn.AddTable(GetTable(true))
+	tableName = fmt.Sprintf(NatTable, "v4")
+	if t, err := FilterTable(conn, tableName, true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if t != nil {
+		conn.DelTable(t)
+	}
+
+	// These don't return errors, so not 100% sure how to guarantee things were created
+	conn.AddTable(GetTable(false))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Create our nftables rule
+func CreateRule(podIP, vipIP, service, destinationPorts string, ignoreCIDR []string, conn *nftables.Conn, IPv6 bool) (*nftables.Rule, error) {
+
+	// Validate pod IP
+	if net.ParseIP(podIP) == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("ip is invalid")
+	}
+
+	// Validate vip IP
+	if net.ParseIP(vipIP) == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("output_ip is not a valid ip")
+	}
+
+	// Get the kube-vip table
+	table := GetTable(IPv6)
+
+	// Create our rule
+	rule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: table,
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{},
+	}
+	// Set the correct chain
+	rule.Chain = GetSNatChain(IPv6, service)
+
+	// Create a set for our original/source address
+	set := &nftables.Set{
+		Table:     table,
+		Anonymous: true,
+		Constant:  true,
+		KeyType:   nftables.TypeIPAddr,
+		Interval:  false,
+	}
+	if IPv6 {
+		set.KeyType = nftables.TypeIP6Addr
+	} else {
+		set.KeyType = nftables.TypeIPAddr
+	}
+
+	// Create an element using our pod IP
+	elements := []nftables.SetElement{}
+	if IPv6 {
+		elements = append(elements, nftables.SetElement{Key: net.ParseIP(podIP).To16()})
+	} else {
+		elements = append(elements, nftables.SetElement{Key: net.ParseIP(podIP).To4()})
+	}
+
+	// Add the elements to the set
+	err := conn.AddSet(set, elements)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Create the expression using the set
+	expression := []expr.Any{}
+
+	payload := &expr.Payload{
+		OperationType:  expr.PayloadLoad,
+		Base:           expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+		DestRegister:   1,
+		SourceRegister: 0,
+	}
+
+	// Set the length of the data based upon the type of IP version being used
+	if IPv6 {
+		payload.Offset = 8
+		payload.Len = 16
+	} else {
+		payload.Offset = 12
+		payload.Len = 4
+	}
+	lookup := &expr.Lookup{
+		SourceRegister: 1,
+		DestRegister:   0,
+		SetID:          set.ID,
+	}
+
+	// Add expressions
+	expression = append(expression, payload)
+	expression = append(expression, lookup)
+
+	// Add expression to the rule
+	rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+
+	// If we filter on ports protocols then parse them
+	if destinationPorts != "" {
+		fixedPorts := strings.Split(destinationPorts, ",")
+
+		// Create an element using our pod IP
+		tcpElements := []nftables.SetElement{}
+		udpElements := []nftables.SetElement{}
+		sctpElements := []nftables.SetElement{}
+
+		tcpSet := &nftables.Set{
+			Anonymous: true,
+			Constant:  true,
+			Table:     table,
+			KeyType:   nftables.TypeInetService,
+		}
+		udpSet := &nftables.Set{
+			Anonymous: true,
+			Constant:  true,
+			Table:     table,
+			KeyType:   nftables.TypeInetService,
+		}
+		sctpSet := &nftables.Set{
+			Anonymous: true,
+			Constant:  true,
+			Table:     table,
+			KeyType:   nftables.TypeInetService,
+		}
+		for _, fixedPort := range fixedPorts {
+			data := strings.Split(fixedPort, ":")
+			if len(data) == 0 {
+				continue
+			} else if len(data) == 2 { // Ensure we have two elements { proto:port }
+				// parse the port to a number
+				port, err := strconv.Atoi(data[1])
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Error("[egress]", "unable to process port", data[1])
+					continue
+				}
+				// Ensure the port is within the valid range for uint16
+				if port < 0 || port > 65535 {
+					slog.Error("[egress]", "port out of range for uint16", data[1])
+					continue
+				}
+
+				switch data[0] {
+				case "tcp":
+					//nolint:gosec
+					tcpElements = append(tcpElements, nftables.SetElement{Key: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(port))})
+				case "udp":
+					//nolint:gosec
+					udpElements = append(udpElements, nftables.SetElement{Key: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(port))})
+				case "sctp":
+					//nolint:gosec
+					sctpElements = append(sctpElements, nftables.SetElement{Key: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(port))})
+				default:
+					slog.Error("[egress]", "unknown protocol", data[0])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add TCP Ports
+		if len(tcpElements) != 0 {
+			err = conn.AddSet(tcpSet, tcpElements)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			expression := []expr.Any{
+				&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+				// [ cmp eq reg 1 0x00000006 ]
+				&expr.Cmp{
+					Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+					Register: 1,
+					Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_TCP},
+				},
+
+				// [ payload load 2b @ transport header + 2 => reg 1 ]
+				&expr.Payload{
+					DestRegister: 1,
+					Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+					Offset:       2,
+					Len:          2,
+				},
+				// [ lookup reg 1 set __set%d ]
+				&expr.Lookup{
+					SourceRegister: 1,
+					SetName:        tcpSet.Name,
+					SetID:          tcpSet.ID,
+				},
+			}
+			rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+		}
+
+		// Add UDP ports
+		if len(udpElements) != 0 {
+			err = conn.AddSet(udpSet, udpElements)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			expression := []expr.Any{
+				&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+				// [ cmp eq reg 1 0x00000006 ]
+				&expr.Cmp{
+					Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+					Register: 1,
+					Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_UDP},
+				},
+
+				// [ payload load 2b @ transport header + 2 => reg 1 ]
+				&expr.Payload{
+					DestRegister: 1,
+					Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+					Offset:       2,
+					Len:          2,
+				},
+				// [ lookup reg 1 set __set%d ]
+				&expr.Lookup{
+					SourceRegister: 1,
+					SetName:        udpSet.Name,
+					SetID:          udpSet.ID,
+				},
+			}
+			rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+		}
+
+		// Add SCTP Ports
+		if len(sctpElements) != 0 {
+			err = conn.AddSet(sctpSet, sctpElements)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			expression := []expr.Any{
+				&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+				// [ cmp eq reg 1 0x00000006 ]
+				&expr.Cmp{
+					Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+					Register: 1,
+					Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_SCTP},
+				},
+
+				// [ payload load 2b @ transport header + 2 => reg 1 ]
+				&expr.Payload{
+					DestRegister: 1,
+					Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+					Offset:       2,
+					Len:          2,
+				},
+				// [ lookup reg 1 set __set%d ]
+				&expr.Lookup{
+					SourceRegister: 1,
+					SetName:        sctpSet.Name,
+					SetID:          sctpSet.ID,
+				},
+			}
+			rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parse which CIDRs we will not SNAT for
+	for _, cidr := range ignoreCIDR {
+		start, end, err := nftables.NetFirstAndLastIP(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		expression = []expr.Any{}
+
+		payload := &expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+		}
+		notEqualRange := &expr.Range{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+		}
+
+		if IPv6 {
+			payload.Len = 16
+			payload.Offset = 24
+			notEqualRange.FromData = start.To16()
+			notEqualRange.ToData = end.To16()
+		} else {
+			payload.Offset = 16
+			payload.Len = 4
+			notEqualRange.FromData = start.To4()
+			notEqualRange.ToData = end.To4()
+		}
+		// Add expressions
+		expression = append(expression, payload)
+		expression = append(expression, notEqualRange)
+
+		// // Add expression to the rule
+		rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+	}
+
+	// Final expression to the rule is the SNAT to the VIP address
+	expression = []expr.Any{}
+
+	immediate := &expr.Immediate{
+		Register: 1,
+	}
+
+	nat := &expr.NAT{
+		Type:        expr.NATTypeSourceNAT,
+		RegAddrMin:  1,
+		RegAddrMax:  1,
+		RegProtoMin: 0,
+		RegProtoMax: 0,
+		Random:      false,
+		FullyRandom: false,
+		Persistent:  false,
+		Prefix:      false,
+	}
+
+	if IPv6 {
+		immediate.Data = net.ParseIP(vipIP).To16()
+		nat.Family = unix.NFPROTO_IPV6
+	} else {
+		immediate.Data = net.ParseIP(vipIP).To4()
+		nat.Family = unix.NFPROTO_IPV4
+	}
+	// https://github.com/google/nftables/blob/main/nftables_test.go#L5375
+	// Add expressions
+	expression = append(expression, immediate)
+	expression = append(expression, nat)
+	rule.Exprs = append(rule.Exprs, expression...)
+
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// Returns a list of all chains IPv4/IPv6 in nftables
+func ListChains() ([]string, error) {
+	chains := []string{}
+	conn, err := nftables.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ipv4, err := conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ipv6, err := conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for x := range ipv4 {
+		chains = append(chains, fmt.Sprintf("Table=%s, Chain=%s", ipv4[x].Table.Name, ipv4[x].Name))
+	}
+	for x := range ipv6 {
+		chains = append(chains, fmt.Sprintf("Table=%s, Chain=%s", ipv6[x].Table.Name, ipv6[x].Name))
+	}
+
+	_ = conn.CloseLasting() // TODO: Should we ignore this error, we're not actually doing any actions with nftables
+	return chains, nil
+}
--- a/pkg/node/labeler/label_manager.go
+++ b/pkg/node/labeler/label_manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package labeler
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+const (
+	// labelName is the name of the label that will be added to the node
+	// it is prefix for the label key before "/"
+	labelName = "service-provided.kube-vip.io"
+)
+
+// labelOperation is the operation to perform on the node labels
+type labelOperation string
+
+// labelOperation constants
+const (
+	labelOperationRemove labelOperation = "remove"
+	labelOperationAdd    labelOperation = "add"
+)
+
+// NewManager creates a new Label Manager for the given node
+func NewManager(nodeName string, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		nodeName:  nodeName,
+		clientSet: clientSet,
+	}
+}
+
+// Manager is the label Manager for the node
+type Manager struct {
+	// nodeName is the name of the node to manage
+	nodeName string
+
+	// clientSet is the Kubernetes client set to use
+	clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset
+}
+
+// AddLabel a new label to the node
+func (m *Manager) AddLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *corev1.Service) error {
+	log.Debug("[service] add label to node", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
+	labelKey, labelValue := generateNodeLabelKeyValue(svc)
+	return m.patchNode(ctx, labelOperationAdd, map[string]string{labelKey: labelValue})
+}
+
+// RemoveLabel a label from the node
+func (m *Manager) RemoveLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *corev1.Service) error {
+	log.Debug("[service] delete label from node", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
+	labelKey, _ := generateNodeLabelKeyValue(svc)
+	return m.patchNode(ctx, labelOperationRemove, map[string]string{labelKey: ""})
+}
+
+// clean up the node labels
+func (m *Manager) CleanUpLabels(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	log.Debug("cleaning up labels for node", "node", m.nodeName, "timeout", timeout)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// get the node
+	node, err := m.clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Get(ctx, m.nodeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to get node %s", m.nodeName)
+	}
+
+	// collect all labels with the prefix to remove
+	labels := map[string]string{}
+	for k := range node.Labels {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(k, labelName) {
+			labels[k] = ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(labels) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("no labels to remove for node", "node", m.nodeName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// patch the node with the labels to remove
+	return m.patchNode(ctx, labelOperationRemove, labels)
+}
+
+// generateNodeLabelKeyValue generates a label key and value for the given service
+func generateNodeLabelKeyValue(svc *corev1.Service) (string, string) {
+	addresses, _ := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+
+	sanitized := make([]string, len(addresses))
+	for i, addr := range addresses {
+		sanitized[i] = sanitizeIPForLabel(addr)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.%s", labelName, svc.Name, svc.Namespace), strings.Join(sanitized, ",")
+}
+
+// Helper function to convert IPv6 hex address without colons
+func sanitizeIPForLabel(addr string) string {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(addr)
+	if ip == nil || ip.To4() != nil {
+		return addr
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(ip.To16())
+}
+
+// patchNode patches the node with the given labels
+func (m *Manager) patchNode(ctx context.Context, operation labelOperation, labels map[string]string) error {
+	type patchStringLabel struct {
+		Op    string `json:"op"`
+		Path  string `json:"path"`
+		Value string `json:"value"`
+	}
+
+	patchLabels := []patchStringLabel{}
+	// generate the patch
+	for k, v := range labels {
+		patchLabels = append(patchLabels, patchStringLabel{
+			Op: string(operation),
+			// replace all slashes with ~1
+			Path:  fmt.Sprintf("/metadata/labels/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(k, "/", "~1")),
+			Value: v,
+		})
+	}
+
+	patchData, err := json.Marshal(patchLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debug("node patch marshaling failed", "err", err, "labels", labels, "patch", patchLabels)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "node patch marshaling failed for labels %v", labels)
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("patching node",
+		"node", m.nodeName,
+		"patch", string(patchData),
+		"operation", operation,
+		"labels", labels,
+		"clientSetNil", m.clientSet == nil)
+	if m.clientSet == nil {
+		return errors.New("kubernetes client is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	// patch node
+	node, err := m.clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().Patch(ctx, m.nodeName, types.JSONPatchType, patchData, metav1.PatchOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debug("node patching failed", "err", err, "patchData", patchData)
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "node patching failed with patch %s", string(patchData))
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("updated", "node", m.nodeName, "labels", node.Labels)
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/node/noop/label_noop_manager.go
+++ b/pkg/node/noop/label_noop_manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package noop
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+)
+
+// NewManager creates a new NoOp label manager
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{}
+}
+
+type Manager struct{}
+
+func (m *Manager) AddLabel(_ context.Context, _ *corev1.Service) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) RemoveLabel(_ context.Context, _ *corev1.Service) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) CleanUpLabels(_ time.Duration) error {
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/node/types.go
+++ b/pkg/node/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package node
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node/labeler"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/node/noop"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+// LabelManager is the interface for the node label manager
+type LabelManager interface {
+	// AddLabel adds a label to the node for the given service
+	AddLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error
+
+	// RemoveLabel removes the label from the node for the given service
+	RemoveLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error
+
+	// CleanUpLabels removes all labels from the node
+	CleanUpLabels(timeout time.Duration) error
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a new Label Manager for the given node
+// NoOp implementation is returned if node labeling is disabled, or if
+// running in control plane mode, or if the client is not ready
+func NewManager(config *kubevip.Config, clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset) LabelManager {
+	if !config.EnableNodeLabeling {
+		return noop.NewManager()
+	}
+
+	if config.EnableControlPlane {
+		log.Debug("Skip node labeling, control plane mode enabled")
+		return noop.NewManager()
+	}
+
+	if clientSet == nil {
+		log.Debug("Skip node labeling, client is not ready")
+		return noop.NewManager()
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("Node labeling enabled")
+
+	return labeler.NewManager(config.NodeName, clientSet)
+}
--- a/pkg/servicecontext/servicecontext.go
+++ b/pkg/servicecontext/servicecontext.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package servicecontext
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type Context struct {
+	Ctx                context.Context
+	Cancel             context.CancelFunc
+	IsActive           bool
+	IsWatched          bool
+	ConfiguredNetworks sync.Map
+}
+
+func New(ctx context.Context) *Context {
+	svcCtx, svcCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	return &Context{
+		Ctx:    svcCtx,
+		Cancel: svcCancel,
+	}
+}
+
+func (ctx *Context) HasConfiguredNetworks() bool {
+	cnt := 0
+	ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Range(func(_ any, _ any) bool {
+		cnt++
+		return cnt < 1
+	})
+	return cnt > 0
+}
+
+func (ctx *Context) IsNetworkConfigured(ip string) bool {
+	_, exists := ctx.ConfiguredNetworks.Load(ip)
+	return exists
+}
--- a/pkg/manager/service_egress.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/service_egress.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package manager
+package services

 import (
 	"bufio"
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ import (
 	log "log/slog"

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/nftables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
 	v1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 )
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ const (
 	defaultServiceCIDR = "10.96.0.0/12"
 )

-func (sm *Manager) iptablesCheck() error {
+func (p *Processor) iptablesCheck() error {
 	file, err := os.Open("/proc/modules")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -48,14 +51,39 @@ func (sm *Manager) iptablesCheck() error {
 	return nil
 }

+func (p *Processor) nftablesCheck() error {
+	file, err := os.Open("/proc/modules")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanLines)
+	var queue, ct bool
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.Fields(scanner.Text())
+		switch line[0] {
+		case "nft_queue":
+			queue = true
+		case "nft_ct":
+			ct = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !queue || !ct {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing nftables modules -> nft_ct [%t] -> ntf_queue [%t]", ct, queue)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func getSameFamilyCidr(sourceCidrs, ip string) string { //Todo: not sure how this ever worked
 	cidrs := strings.Split(sourceCidrs, ",")
-	isV6 := vip.IsIPv6(ip)
+	isV6 := utils.IsIPv6(ip)
 	matchingFamily := []string{}
 	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
 		// Is the ip an IPv6 address
 		if isV6 {
-			if vip.IsIPv6CIDR(cidr) {
+			if utils.IsIPv6CIDR(cidr) {
 				matchingFamily = append(matchingFamily, cidr)
 				selectedCIDR, err := checkCIDR(ip, cidr)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -67,7 +95,7 @@ func getSameFamilyCidr(sourceCidrs, ip string) string { //Todo: not sure how thi
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			if vip.IsIPv4CIDR(cidr) {
+			if utils.IsIPv4CIDR(cidr) {
 				matchingFamily = append(matchingFamily, cidr)
 				selectedCidr, err := checkCIDR(ip, cidr)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -107,26 +135,27 @@ func checkCIDR(ip, cidr string) (string, error) {
 	return "", nil
 }

-func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations map[string]string) error {
+func (p *Processor) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace, serviceUUID string, annotations map[string]string) error {
 	var podCidr, serviceCidr string
 	var autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR string
 	var discoverErr error

 	// Look up the destination ports from the annotations on the service
-	destinationPorts := annotations[egressDestinationPorts]
-	deniedNetworks := annotations[egressDeniedNetworks]
-	allowedNetworks := annotations[egressAllowedNetworks]
+	destinationPorts := annotations[kubevip.EgressDestinationPorts]
+	deniedNetworks := annotations[kubevip.EgressDeniedNetworks]
+	allowedNetworks := annotations[kubevip.EgressAllowedNetworks]
+	internalEgress := annotations[kubevip.EgressInternal]

-	if sm.config.EgressPodCidr == "" || sm.config.EgressServiceCidr == "" {
-		autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR, discoverErr = sm.AutoDiscoverCIDRs()
+	if p.config.EgressPodCidr == "" || p.config.EgressServiceCidr == "" {
+		autoServiceCIDR, autoPodCIDR, discoverErr = p.AutoDiscoverCIDRs()
 	}

 	if discoverErr != nil {
 		log.Warn("autodiscover CIDR", "err", discoverErr)
 	}

-	if sm.config.EgressPodCidr != "" {
-		podCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(sm.config.EgressPodCidr, podIP)
+	if p.config.EgressPodCidr != "" {
+		podCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(p.config.EgressPodCidr, podIP)
 	} else {
 		if discoverErr == nil {
 			podCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(autoPodCIDR, podIP)
@@ -135,14 +164,14 @@ func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations m

 	if podCidr == "" {
 		// There's no default IPv6 pod CIDR, therefore we silently back off if CIDR s not specified.
-		if !vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+		if !utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error with the CIDR [%s]", podIP)
 		}
 		podCidr = defaultPodCIDR
 	}

-	if sm.config.EgressServiceCidr != "" {
-		serviceCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(sm.config.EgressServiceCidr, vipIP)
+	if p.config.EgressServiceCidr != "" {
+		serviceCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(p.config.EgressServiceCidr, vipIP)
 	} else {
 		if discoverErr == nil {
 			serviceCidr = getSameFamilyCidr(autoServiceCIDR, vipIP)
@@ -151,7 +180,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations m

 	if serviceCidr == "" {
 		// There's no default IPv6 service CIDR, therefore we silently back off if CIDR s not specified.
-		if !vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) {
+		if !utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) {
 			return nil
 		}
 		serviceCidr = defaultServiceCIDR
@@ -160,27 +189,50 @@ func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations m
 	log.Info("[Egress]", "podCIDR", podCidr, "serviceCIDR", serviceCidr, "vip", serviceCidr, "pod", podIP)

 	// checking if all addresses are of the same IP family
-	if vip.IsIPv4(podIP) != vip.IsIPv4CIDR(podCidr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(podIP) != utils.IsIPv4CIDR(podCidr) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "podCIDR", podCidr)
 		return nil
 	}

-	if vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) != vip.IsIPv4CIDR(serviceCidr) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) != utils.IsIPv4CIDR(serviceCidr) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "serviceCIDR", serviceCidr)
 		return nil
 	}

-	if vip.IsIPv4(vipIP) != vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+	if utils.IsIPv4(vipIP) != utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
 		log.Error("[Egress] family is not matching. Backing off...", "pod", podIP, "vipIP", vipIP)
 		return nil
 	}

 	protocol := iptables.ProtocolIPv4
-	if vip.IsIPv6(vipIP) {
+	if utils.IsIPv6(vipIP) {
 		protocol = iptables.ProtocolIPv6
 	}

-	i, err := vip.CreateIptablesClient(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, namespace, protocol)
+	// Use the internal egress implementation
+	if internalEgress != "" {
+		// Create an array of CIDRs that we wont SNAT to.
+		ignoreCIDRs := []string{
+			podCidr,
+			serviceCidr,
+		}
+
+		// Add any specifically denied networks
+		if deniedNetworks != "" {
+			networks := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(deniedNetworks), ",") //Remove whitespace characters and then create an array from the CIDRs
+			ignoreCIDRs = append(ignoreCIDRs, networks...)
+
+		}
+
+		// Apply the SNAT rules
+		err := nftables.ApplySNAT(podIP, vipIP, serviceUUID, destinationPorts, ignoreCIDRs, utils.IsIPv6(vipIP))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error performing netlink nftables [%s]", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	i, err := vip.CreateIptablesClient(p.config.EgressWithNftables, namespace, protocol)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error Creating iptables client [%s]", err)
 	}
@@ -218,7 +270,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations m
 	}

 	mask := "/32"
-	if !vip.IsIPv4(podIP) {
+	if !utils.IsIPv4(podIP) {
 		mask = "/128"
 	}

@@ -279,12 +331,12 @@ func (sm *Manager) configureEgress(vipIP, podIP, namespace string, annotations m
 	return nil
 }

-func (sm *Manager) AutoDiscoverCIDRs() (serviceCIDR, podCIDR string, err error) {
+func (p *Processor) AutoDiscoverCIDRs() (serviceCIDR, podCIDR string, err error) {
 	log.Debug("Trying to automatically discover Service and Pod CIDRs")
 	options := v1.ListOptions{
 		LabelSelector: "component=kube-controller-manager",
 	}
-	podList, err := sm.clientSet.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(context.TODO(), options)
+	podList, err := p.clientSet.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(context.TODO(), options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("[Egress] Unable to get kube-controller-manager pod: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -307,83 +359,3 @@ func (sm *Manager) AutoDiscoverCIDRs() (serviceCIDR, podCIDR string, err error)

 	return
 }
-
-func (sm *Manager) TeardownEgress(podIP, vipIP, namespace string, annotations map[string]string) error {
-	// Look up the destination ports from the annotations on the service
-	destinationPorts := annotations[egressDestinationPorts]
-	deniedNetworks := annotations[egressDeniedNetworks]
-	allowedNetworks := annotations[egressAllowedNetworks]
-
-	protocol := iptables.ProtocolIPv4
-	if vip.IsIPv6(podIP) {
-		protocol = iptables.ProtocolIPv6
-	}
-
-	i, err := vip.CreateIptablesClient(sm.config.EgressWithNftables, namespace, protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error Creating iptables client [%s]", err)
-	}
-
-	if deniedNetworks != "" {
-		networks := strings.Split(deniedNetworks, ",")
-		for x := range networks {
-			err = i.DeleteMangleReturnForNetwork(vip.MangleChainName, networks[x])
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting rules in mangle chain [%s], error [%s]", vip.MangleChainName, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if allowedNetworks != "" {
-		networks := strings.Split(allowedNetworks, ",")
-		for x := range networks {
-			err = i.DeleteMangleMarkingForNetwork(podIP, vip.MangleChainName, networks[x])
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting rules in mangle chain [%s], error [%s]", vip.MangleChainName, err)
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Remove the marking of egress packets
-		err = i.DeleteMangleMarking(podIP, vip.MangleChainName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Clear up SNAT rules
-	if destinationPorts != "" {
-		fixedPorts := strings.Split(destinationPorts, ",")
-
-		for _, fixedPort := range fixedPorts {
-			var proto, port string
-
-			data := strings.Split(fixedPort, ":")
-			if len(data) == 0 {
-				continue
-			} else if len(data) == 1 {
-				proto = "tcp"
-				port = data[0]
-			} else {
-				proto = data[0]
-				port = data[1]
-			}
-
-			err = i.DeleteSourceNatForDestinationPort(podIP, vipIP, port, proto)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
-			}
-
-		}
-	} else {
-		err = i.DeleteSourceNat(podIP, vipIP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(podIP, false, destinationPorts, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error changing iptables rules for egress [%s]", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/pkg/manager/service_egress_test.go
+++ b/pkg/manager/service_egress_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package manager
+package services

 import "testing"

--- a/pkg/services/leader.go
+++ b/pkg/services/leader.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
+)
+
+// The StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
+func (p *Processor) StartServicesWatchForLeaderElection(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := p.ServicesWatcher(ctx, p.StartServicesLeaderElection)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if p.config.EnableRoutingTable {
+		for _, instance := range p.ServiceInstances {
+			for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+				for i := range cluster.Network {
+					_ = cluster.Network[i].DeleteRoute()
+				}
+				cluster.Stop()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Shutting down kube-Vip")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// The startServicesWatchForLeaderElection function will start a services watcher, the
+func (p *Processor) StartServicesLeaderElection(ctx context.Context, service *v1.Service) error {
+	serviceLease, _ := lease.GetName(service)
+	log.Info("new leader election", "service", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace, "lock_name", serviceLease, "host_id", p.config.NodeName)
+	// we use the Lease lock type since edits to Leases are less common
+	// and fewer objects in the cluster watch "all Leases".
+	lock := &resourcelock.LeaseLock{
+		LeaseMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:      serviceLease,
+			Namespace: service.Namespace,
+		},
+		Client: p.clientSet.CoordinationV1(),
+		LockConfig: resourcelock.ResourceLockConfig{
+			Identity: p.config.NodeName,
+		},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// wait for the service context to end and delete the lease then
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		p.leaseMgr.Delete(service)
+	}()
+
+	svcCtx, err := p.getServiceContext(service.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get context for service %q with UID %q: %w", service.Name, service.UID, err)
+	}
+	if svcCtx == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get context for service %q with UID %q: nil context", service.Name, service.UID)
+	}
+
+	svcCtx.IsActive = true
+
+	svcLease, isNew := p.leaseMgr.Add(service)
+	// this service is sharing lease
+	if !isNew {
+		// wait for leader election to start or context to be done
+		select {
+		case <-svcLease.Started:
+		case <-svcLease.Ctx.Done():
+			svcCtx.IsActive = false
+			return nil
+		}
+		<-svcLease.Started
+
+		if lease.UsesCommon(service) {
+			if err := p.SyncServices(ctx, service); err != nil {
+				log.Error("service sync", "err", err)
+				svcLease.Cancel()
+			}
+			// just block until context is cancelled
+			<-ctx.Done()
+			if svcCtx.IsActive {
+				if err := p.deleteService(service.UID); err != nil {
+					log.Error("service deletion", "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// wait for leaderelection to be finished
+		<-svcLease.Ctx.Done()
+		// Mark this service is inactive
+		svcCtx.IsActive = false
+		return nil
+	}
+	// start the leader election code loop
+	leaderelection.RunOrDie(svcLease.Ctx, leaderelection.LeaderElectionConfig{
+		Lock: lock,
+		// IMPORTANT: you MUST ensure that any code you have that
+		// is protected by the lease must terminate **before**
+		// you call cancel. Otherwise, you could have a background
+		// loop still running and another process could
+		// get elected before your background loop finished, violating
+		// the stated goal of the lease.
+		ReleaseOnCancel: true,
+		LeaseDuration:   time.Duration(p.config.LeaseDuration) * time.Second,
+		RenewDeadline:   time.Duration(p.config.RenewDeadline) * time.Second,
+		RetryPeriod:     time.Duration(p.config.RetryPeriod) * time.Second,
+		Callbacks: leaderelection.LeaderCallbacks{
+			OnStartedLeading: func(ctx context.Context) {
+				// Mark this service as active (as we've started leading)
+				// we run this in background as it's blocking
+				if err := p.SyncServices(ctx, service); err != nil {
+					log.Error("service sync", "err", err)
+					svcLease.Cancel()
+				}
+				close(svcLease.Started)
+			},
+			OnStoppedLeading: func() {
+				// we can do cleanup here
+				log.Info("leadership lost", "service", service.Name, "leader", p.config.NodeName)
+				if svcCtx.IsActive {
+					if err := p.deleteService(service.UID); err != nil {
+						log.Error("service deletion", "err", err)
+					}
+				}
+				// Mark this service is inactive
+				svcCtx.IsActive = false
+			},
+			OnNewLeader: func(identity string) {
+				// we're notified when new leader elected
+				if identity == p.config.NodeName {
+					// I just got the lock
+					return
+				}
+				log.Info("new leader", "leader", identity)
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	log.Info("stopping leader election", "service", service.Name)
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/services/processor.go
+++ b/pkg/services/processor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	log "log/slog"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/arp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/bgp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/lease"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+)
+
+type Processor struct {
+	config        *kubevip.Config
+	lbClassFilter func(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) bool
+	svcMap        sync.Map
+
+	// Keeps track of all running instances
+	ServiceInstances []*instance.Instance
+
+	mutex     sync.Mutex
+	bgpServer *bgp.Server
+
+	clientSet   *kubernetes.Clientset
+	rwClientSet *kubernetes.Clientset
+
+	shutdownChan chan struct{}
+
+	// This is a prometheus counter used to count the number of events received
+	// from the service watcher
+	CountServiceWatchEvent *prometheus.CounterVec
+
+	intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager
+	arpMgr  *arp.Manager
+
+	leaseMgr *lease.Manager
+
+	// nodeLabelManager is the manager for the node labels
+	nodeLabelManager labelManager
+}
+
+// labelManager is the interface for the node label manager to add/remove labels
+type labelManager interface {
+	AddLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error
+	RemoveLabel(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error
+}
+
+func NewServicesProcessor(config *kubevip.Config, bgpServer *bgp.Server,
+	clientSet *kubernetes.Clientset, rwClientSet *kubernetes.Clientset, shutdownChan chan struct{},
+	intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager, arpMgr *arp.Manager, nodeLabelManager labelManager) *Processor {
+	lbClassFilterFunc := lbClassFilter
+	if config.LoadBalancerClassLegacyHandling {
+		lbClassFilterFunc = lbClassFilterLegacy
+	}
+
+	return &Processor{
+		config:           config,
+		lbClassFilter:    lbClassFilterFunc,
+		ServiceInstances: []*instance.Instance{},
+		bgpServer:        bgpServer,
+		clientSet:        clientSet,
+		rwClientSet:      rwClientSet,
+		shutdownChan:     shutdownChan,
+		CountServiceWatchEvent: prometheus.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+			Namespace: "kube_vip",
+			Subsystem: "manager",
+			Name:      "all_services_events",
+			Help:      "Count all events fired by the service watcher categorised by event type",
+		}, []string{"type"}),
+
+		intfMgr:          intfMgr,
+		arpMgr:           arpMgr,
+		leaseMgr:         lease.NewManager(),
+		nodeLabelManager: nodeLabelManager,
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) AddOrModify(ctx context.Context, event watch.Event, serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) (bool, error) {
+	// log.Debugf("Endpoints for service [%s] have been Created or modified", s.service.ServiceName)
+	svc, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Service)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher")
+	}
+
+	// We only care about LoadBalancer services
+	if svc.Spec.Type != v1.ServiceTypeLoadBalancer {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if we ignore this service
+	if svc.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerIgnore] == "true" {
+		log.Info("ignore annotation for kube-vip", "service name", svc.Name)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check the loadBalancer class
+	if p.lbClassFilter(svc, p.config) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	svcAddresses, svcHostnames := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+
+	// We only care about LoadBalancer services that have been allocated an address
+	if len(svcAddresses) <= 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	_, usesCommonLease := svc.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceLease]
+	if usesCommonLease && svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy != v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("annotation %q cannot be used with service traffic policy other than %q",
+			kubevip.ServiceLease, v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster)
+	}
+
+	svcCtx, err := p.getServiceContext(svc.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get service context: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The modified event should only be triggered if the service has been modified (i.e. moved somewhere else)
+	if event.Type == watch.Modified {
+		i := instance.FindServiceInstance(svc, p.ServiceInstances)
+		shouldGarbageCollect := true
+		if i != nil {
+			originalServiceAddresses, originalServiceHostnames := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(i.ServiceSnapshot)
+			shouldGarbageCollect =
+				// Service addresses changed
+				!reflect.DeepEqual(originalServiceAddresses, svcAddresses) ||
+					// Service hostnames changed
+					!reflect.DeepEqual(originalServiceHostnames, svcHostnames) ||
+					// ExternalTrafficPolicy changed
+					svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy != i.ServiceSnapshot.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy
+		}
+		if shouldGarbageCollect {
+			for _, addr := range svcAddresses {
+				// log.Debugf("(svcs) Retrieving local addresses, to ensure that this modified address doesn't exist: %s", addr)
+				f, err := vip.GarbageCollect(p.config.Interface, addr, p.intfMgr)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error("(svcs) cleaning existing address error", "err", err)
+				}
+				if f {
+					log.Warn("(svcs) already found existing config", "address", addr, "adapter", p.config.Interface)
+				}
+			}
+			// This service has been modified, but it was also active.
+			if svcCtx != nil && svcCtx.IsActive {
+				log.Warn("(svcs) The load balancer has changed, cancelling original load balancer")
+				//Set it to inactive
+				svcCtx.IsActive = false
+				svcCtx.Cancel()
+				log.Warn("(svcs) waiting for load balancer to finish")
+				<-svcCtx.Ctx.Done()
+
+				if err := p.deleteService(svc.UID); err != nil {
+					log.Error("(svc) unable to remove", "service", svc.UID)
+				}
+				// in theory this should never fail
+				p.svcMap.Delete(svc.UID)
+				// Reset the the svcCtx when it was garbage collected
+				// As the next function will create a new context when nil
+				svcCtx = nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Architecture walkthrough: (Had to do this as this code path is making my head hurt)
+
+	// Is the service active (bool), if not then process this new service
+	// Does this service use an election per service?
+	//
+
+	if svcCtx == nil || svcCtx != nil && !svcCtx.IsActive {
+		ips, hostnames := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+		log.Debug("(svcs) has been added/modified with addresses", "service name", svc.Name, "ips", ips, "hostnames", hostnames)
+
+		if svcCtx == nil {
+			svcCtx = servicecontext.New(ctx)
+			p.svcMap.Store(svc.UID, svcCtx)
+		}
+
+		if p.config.EnableServicesElection || // Service Election
+			((p.config.EnableRoutingTable || p.config.EnableBGP) && // Routing table mode or BGP
+				(!p.config.EnableLeaderElection && !p.config.EnableServicesElection)) { // No leaderelection or services election
+
+			// If this load balancer Traffic Policy is "local"
+			if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
+
+				// Start an endpoint watcher if we're not watching it already
+				if !svcCtx.IsWatched {
+					// background the endpoint watcher
+					if (p.config.EnableRoutingTable || p.config.EnableBGP) && (!p.config.EnableLeaderElection && !p.config.EnableServicesElection) {
+						err = serviceFunc(svcCtx.Ctx, svc)
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Error(err.Error())
+						}
+					}
+
+					go func() {
+						if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeLocal {
+							// Add Endpoint or EndpointSlices watcher
+							var provider providers.Provider
+							if p.config.EnableEndpoints {
+								provider = providers.NewEndpoints()
+							} else {
+								provider = providers.NewEndpointslices()
+							}
+							if err = p.watchEndpoint(svcCtx, p.config.NodeName, svc, provider); err != nil {
+								log.Error(err.Error())
+							}
+						}
+					}()
+
+					// We're now watching this service
+					svcCtx.IsWatched = true
+				}
+			} else if (p.config.EnableBGP || p.config.EnableRoutingTable) && (!p.config.EnableLeaderElection && !p.config.EnableServicesElection) {
+				err = serviceFunc(svcCtx.Ctx, svc)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error(err.Error())
+				}
+
+				go func() {
+					if svc.Spec.ExternalTrafficPolicy == v1.ServiceExternalTrafficPolicyTypeCluster {
+						// Add Endpoint watcher
+						var provider providers.Provider
+						if p.config.EnableEndpoints {
+							provider = providers.NewEndpoints()
+						} else {
+							provider = providers.NewEndpointslices()
+						}
+						if err = p.watchEndpoint(svcCtx, p.config.NodeName, svc, provider); err != nil {
+							log.Error(err.Error())
+						}
+					}
+				}()
+				// We're now watching this service
+				svcCtx.IsWatched = true
+			} else {
+
+				go func() {
+					for {
+						select {
+						case <-svcCtx.Ctx.Done():
+							log.Warn("(svcs) restartable service watcher ending", "uid", svc.UID)
+							return
+						default:
+							log.Info("(svcs) restartable service watcher starting", "uid", svc.UID)
+							err = serviceFunc(svcCtx.Ctx, svc)
+
+							if err != nil {
+								log.Error(err.Error())
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+				}()
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Increment the waitGroup before the service Func is called (Done is completed in there)
+			err = serviceFunc(svcCtx.Ctx, svc)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error(err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+		svcCtx.IsActive = true
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) Delete(event watch.Event) (bool, error) {
+	svc, ok := event.Object.(*v1.Service)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("(svcs) unable to parse Kubernetes services from API watcher")
+	}
+	svcCtx, err := p.getServiceContext(svc.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("(svcs) unable to get context: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if svcCtx != nil {
+		// We only care about LoadBalancer services
+		if svc.Spec.Type != v1.ServiceTypeLoadBalancer {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		// We can ignore this service
+		if svc.Annotations[kubevip.LoadbalancerIgnore] == "true" {
+			log.Info("(svcs) ignore annotation for kube-vip", "service name", svc.Name)
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		// If no leader election is enabled, delete routes here
+		if !p.config.EnableLeaderElection && !p.config.EnableServicesElection &&
+			p.config.EnableRoutingTable && svcCtx.HasConfiguredNetworks() {
+			if errs := endpoints.ClearRoutes(svc, &p.ServiceInstances); len(errs) == 0 {
+				svcCtx.ConfiguredNetworks.Clear()
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If this is an active service then and additional leaderElection will handle stopping
+		err = p.deleteService(svc.UID)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Calls the cancel function of the context
+		log.Warn("(svcs) The load balancer was deleted, cancelling context")
+		svcCtx.IsActive = false
+		svcCtx.Cancel()
+		log.Warn("(svcs) waiting for load balancer to finish")
+		<-svcCtx.Ctx.Done()
+		p.svcMap.Delete(svc.UID)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("(svcs) deleted", "service name", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace)
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) Stop() {
+	for _, instance := range p.ServiceInstances {
+		for _, cluster := range instance.Clusters {
+			cluster.Stop()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) getServiceContext(uid types.UID) (*servicecontext.Context, error) {
+	svcCtx, ok := p.svcMap.Load(uid)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ctx, ok := svcCtx.(*servicecontext.Context)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to cast service context pointer - UID: %s", uid)
+	}
+	return ctx, nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) CountRouteReferences(route *netlink.Route) int {
+	return endpoints.CountRouteReferences(route, &p.ServiceInstances)
+}
--- a/pkg/services/services.go
+++ b/pkg/services/services.go
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/egress"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/instance"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/upnp"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/vip"
+)
+
+type ServiceInstanceAction string
+
+const (
+	ActionDelete ServiceInstanceAction = "delete"
+	ActionAdd    ServiceInstanceAction = "add"
+	ActionNone   ServiceInstanceAction = "none"
+)
+
+func (p *Processor) SyncServices(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error {
+	log.Debug("[STARTING] Service Sync", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name)
+
+	// Iterate through the synchronising services
+
+	action := p.getServiceInstanceAction(svc)
+	switch action {
+	case ActionDelete:
+		// remove the label from the node before deleting the service
+		if err := p.nodeLabelManager.RemoveLabel(ctx, svc); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error removing label from node: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("[service] delete", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "uid", svc.UID)
+		if err := p.deleteService(svc.UID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error deleting service %s/%s: %w", svc.Namespace, svc.Name, err)
+		}
+	case ActionAdd:
+		log.Debug("[service] add", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "uid", svc.UID)
+		if err := p.addService(ctx, svc); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error adding service %s/%s: %w", svc.Namespace, svc.Name, err)
+		}
+
+		// add the label to the node after adding the service
+		if err := p.nodeLabelManager.AddLabel(ctx, svc); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error adding label to node: %w", err)
+		}
+	case ActionNone:
+		log.Debug("[service] no action", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "uid", svc.UID)
+	}
+	log.Debug("[FINISHED] Service Sync", "namespace", svc.Namespace, "name", svc.Name, "uid", svc.UID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) getServiceInstanceAction(svc *v1.Service) ServiceInstanceAction {
+	// protect against multiple calls
+	// get the annotations or legacy values from manual configuration
+	addresses, hostnames := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+	// get the status information of the LB Service
+	statusAddresses, _ := instance.FetchLoadBalancerIngress(svc)
+	p.mutex.Lock()
+	defer p.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	for _, instance := range p.ServiceInstances {
+		if instance != nil && instance.ServiceSnapshot.UID == svc.UID {
+			for _, address := range addresses {
+				// handle the case where the service instance needs to be deleted
+				if instance.IsDHCP {
+					if address != "0.0.0.0" && address != "::" {
+						return ActionDelete
+					}
+					if len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !slices.Contains(statusAddresses, instance.DHCPInterfaceIP) {
+						return ActionDelete
+					}
+				}
+				if !instance.IsDHCP {
+					if address == "0.0.0.0" || address == "::" {
+						return ActionDelete
+					}
+					if len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !slices.Contains(statusAddresses, address) {
+						return ActionDelete
+					}
+				}
+				if len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) > 0 && !comparePortsAndPortStatuses(svc) {
+					return ActionDelete
+				}
+			}
+			// If we reach here, it means the service instance matches the service UID and is not a DHCP service, so we can return "no action"
+			return ActionNone
+		}
+	}
+	if len(addresses) > 0 || len(hostnames) > 0 {
+		log.Debug("no matching service instance found", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "addresses", addresses, "hostnames", hostnames)
+		return ActionAdd // If no matching instance is found, we need to add a new service instance
+	}
+	return ActionNone
+}
+
+func comparePortsAndPortStatuses(svc *v1.Service) bool {
+	if len(svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	portsStatus := svc.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress[0].Ports
+	if len(portsStatus) != len(svc.Spec.Ports) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, portSpec := range svc.Spec.Ports {
+		if portsStatus[i].Port != portSpec.Port || portsStatus[i].Protocol != portSpec.Protocol {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) addService(ctx context.Context, svc *v1.Service) error {
+	// protect against addService while reading
+	p.mutex.Lock()
+	defer p.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+
+	newService, err := instance.NewInstance(svc, p.config, p.intfMgr, p.arpMgr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for x := range newService.VIPConfigs {
+		log.Debug("starting loadbalancer for service", "name", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace)
+		newService.Clusters[x].StartLoadBalancerService(ctx, newService.VIPConfigs[x], p.bgpServer, svc.Name, p.CountRouteReferences)
+	}
+
+	p.upnpMap(ctx, newService)
+
+	if newService.IsDHCP && len(newService.VIPConfigs) == 1 {
+		go func() {
+			for ip := range newService.DHCPClient.IPChannel() {
+				log.Debug("IP changed", "ip", ip)
+				newService.VIPConfigs[0].VIP = ip
+				newService.DHCPInterfaceIP = ip
+				if !p.config.DisableServiceUpdates {
+					if err := p.updateStatus(newService); err != nil {
+						log.Warn("updating svc", "err", err)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			log.Debug("IP update channel closed, stopping")
+		}()
+	}
+
+	p.ServiceInstances = append(p.ServiceInstances, newService)
+
+	if !p.config.DisableServiceUpdates {
+		log.Debug("[service] update", "namespace", newService.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", newService.ServiceSnapshot.Name)
+		if err := p.updateStatus(newService); err != nil {
+			log.Error("[service] updating status", "namespace", newService.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", newService.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	serviceIPs, _ := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(svc)
+	// Check if we need to flush any conntrack connections (due to some dangling conntrack connections)
+	if svc.Annotations[kubevip.FlushContrack] == "true" {
+
+		log.Debug("[service] Flushing conntrack rules", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace)
+		for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
+			err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(serviceIP, false, svc.Annotations[kubevip.EgressDestinationPorts], svc.Annotations[kubevip.EgressSourcePorts])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[service] flushing any remaining egress connections", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
+			err = vip.DeleteExistingSessions(serviceIP, true, svc.Annotations[kubevip.EgressDestinationPorts], svc.Annotations[kubevip.EgressSourcePorts])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("[service] flushing any remaining ingress connections", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check if egress is enabled on the service, if so we'll need to configure some rules
+	if svc.Annotations[kubevip.Egress] == "true" && len(serviceIPs) > 0 {
+		log.Debug("[service] enabling egress", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace)
+		// If we'er not using NFtables, then ensure that the correct iptables modules are loaded
+		if p.config.EgressWithNftables {
+			// Ensure that kernel modules are loaded and report back missing modules.
+			err = p.nftablesCheck()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[service] configuring nft egress", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Ensure that kernel modules are loaded and report back missing modules.
+			err = p.iptablesCheck()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[service] configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+		var podIP string
+		errList := []error{}
+
+		// Should egress be IPv6
+		if svc.Annotations[kubevip.EgressIPv6] == "true" {
+			// Does the service have an active IPv6 endpoint
+			if svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6] != "" {
+				for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
+					if !p.config.EnableEndpoints && utils.IsIPv6(serviceIP) {
+
+						podIP = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6]
+
+						err = p.configureEgress(serviceIP, podIP, svc.Namespace, string(svc.UID), svc.Annotations)
+						if err != nil {
+							errList = append(errList, err)
+							log.Warn("[service] configuring egress IPv6", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else if svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] != "" { // Not expected to be IPv6, so should be an IPv4 address
+			for _, serviceIP := range serviceIPs {
+				podIPs := svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint]
+				if !p.config.EnableEndpoints && utils.IsIPv6(serviceIP) {
+					podIPs = svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6]
+				}
+				err = p.configureEgress(serviceIP, podIPs, svc.Namespace, string(svc.UID), svc.Annotations)
+				if err != nil {
+					errList = append(errList, err)
+					log.Warn("[service] configuring egress IPv4", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(errList) == 0 {
+			var provider providers.Provider
+			if p.config.EnableEndpoints {
+				provider = providers.NewEndpoints()
+			} else {
+				provider = providers.NewEndpointslices()
+			}
+			err = provider.UpdateServiceAnnotation(svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint], svc.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpointIPv6], svc, p.clientSet)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[service] configuring egress", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	finishTime := time.Since(startTime)
+	log.Info("[service]", "service", svc.Name, "namespace", svc.Namespace, "synchronised in", fmt.Sprintf("%dms", finishTime.Milliseconds()))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) deleteService(uid types.UID) error {
+	// protect multiple calls
+	p.mutex.Lock()
+	defer p.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	var updatedInstances []*instance.Instance
+	var serviceInstance *instance.Instance
+	found := false
+	for x := range p.ServiceInstances {
+		log.Debug("[service] lookup", "target UID", uid, "found UID ", p.ServiceInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot.UID, "name", p.ServiceInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot.Name, "namespace", p.ServiceInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot.Namespace)
+		// Add the running services to the new array
+		if p.ServiceInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot.UID != uid {
+			updatedInstances = append(updatedInstances, p.ServiceInstances[x])
+		} else {
+			// Flip the found when we match
+			found = true
+			serviceInstance = p.ServiceInstances[x]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If we've been through all services and not found the correct one then error
+	if !found {
+		// TODO: - fix UX
+		// return fmt.Errorf("unable to find/stop service [%s]", uid)
+		log.Warn("unable to find/stop service", "uid", uid)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range serviceInstance.Clusters {
+		for n := range c.Network {
+			c.Network[n].SetHasEndpoints(false)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Determine if this this VIP is shared with other loadbalancers
+	shared := false
+	vipSet := make(map[string]interface{})
+	for x := range updatedInstances {
+		vips, _ := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(updatedInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot)
+		for _, vip := range vips { //updatedInstances[x].ServiceSnapshot.Spec.LoadBalancerIP {
+			vipSet[vip] = nil
+		}
+	}
+	vips, _ := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot)
+	for _, vip := range vips {
+		if _, found := vipSet[vip]; found {
+			shared = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !shared {
+		for x := range serviceInstance.Clusters {
+			serviceInstance.Clusters[x].Stop()
+		}
+		if serviceInstance.IsDHCP {
+			serviceInstance.DHCPClient.Stop()
+			macvlan, err := netlink.LinkByName(serviceInstance.DHCPInterface)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("[service] error finding VIP Interface: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			err = netlink.LinkDel(macvlan)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("[service] error deleting DHCP Link : %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if p.config.EnableBGP {
+			endpoints.ClearBGPHostsByInstance(serviceInstance, p.bgpServer)
+		}
+		if p.config.EnableRoutingTable && (p.config.EnableLeaderElection || p.config.EnableServicesElection) {
+			if errs := endpoints.ClearRoutesByInstance(serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot, serviceInstance, &p.ServiceInstances); len(errs) > 0 {
+				for _, err := range errs {
+					log.Error("unable to clear routes", "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// We will need to tear down the egress
+		if serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.Egress] == "true" {
+			if serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint] != "" {
+				log.Info("[service] egress re-write enabled", "service", serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Name)
+				err := egress.Teardown(serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations[kubevip.ActiveEndpoint], serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Spec.LoadBalancerIP, serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, string(serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.UID), serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Annotations, p.config.EgressWithNftables)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error("[service] egress teardown", "err", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Update the service array
+	p.ServiceInstances = updatedInstances
+
+	log.Info("Removed instance from manager", "uid", uid, "name", serviceInstance.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "remaining advertised services", len(p.ServiceInstances))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Set up UPNP forwards for a service
+// We first try to use the more modern Pinhole API introduced in UPNPv2 and fall back to UPNPv2 Port Forwarding if no forward was successful
+func (p *Processor) upnpMap(ctx context.Context, s *instance.Instance) {
+	if !isUPNPEnabled(s.ServiceSnapshot) {
+		// Skip services missing the annotation
+		return
+	}
+	if !p.config.EnableUPNP {
+		log.Warn("[UPNP] Found kube-vip.io/forwardUPNP on service while UPNP forwarding is disabled in the kube-vip config. Not forwarding", "service", s.ServiceSnapshot.Name)
+		return
+	}
+	// If upnp is enabled then update the gateway/router with the address
+	// TODO - check if this implementation for dualstack is correct
+
+	gateways := upnp.GetGatewayClients(ctx)
+
+	// Reset Gateway IPs to remove stale addresses
+	s.UPNPGatewayIPs = make([]string, 0)
+
+	vips, _ := instance.FetchServiceAddresses(s.ServiceSnapshot)
+	for _, vip := range vips {
+		for _, port := range s.ServiceSnapshot.Spec.Ports {
+			for _, gw := range gateways {
+
+				forwardSucessful := false
+				if gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient != nil {
+					log.Info("[UPNP] Adding map", "vip", vip, "port", port.Port, "service", s.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "gateway", gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient.Location)
+
+					pinholeID, pinholeErr := gw.WANIPv6FirewallControlClient.AddPinholeCtx(ctx, "0.0.0.0", uint16(port.Port), vip, uint16(port.Port), upnp.MapProtocolToIANA(string(port.Protocol)), 3600) //nolint  TODO
+					if pinholeErr == nil {
+						forwardSucessful = true
+						log.Info("[UPNP] Service should be accessible externally", "port", port.Port, "pinhold ID", pinholeID)
+					} else {
+						//TODO: Cleanup
+						log.Error("[UPNP] Unable to map port to gateway using Pinhole API", "err", pinholeErr.Error())
+					}
+				}
+				// Fallback to PortForward
+				if !forwardSucessful {
+					log.Info("[UPNP] Adding map", "vip", vip, "port", port.Port, "service", s.ServiceSnapshot.Name)
+
+					portMappingErr := gw.ConnectionClient.AddPortMapping("0.0.0.0", uint16(port.Port), strings.ToUpper(string(port.Protocol)), uint16(port.Port), vip, true, s.ServiceSnapshot.Name, 3600) //nolint  TODO
+					if portMappingErr == nil {
+						ip, err := gw.ConnectionClient.GetExternalIPAddress()
+						if err != nil {
+							// Log the error but continue on the off chance the mapping was successful
+							log.Error("[UPNP] Unable to get external IP address from gateway", "port", port.Port, "err", err)
+						} else {
+							log.Info("[UPNP] Service should be accessible externally", "port", port.Port, "externalip", ip)
+						}
+						forwardSucessful = true
+					} else {
+						//TODO: Cleanup
+						log.Error("[UPNP] Unable to map port to gateway using PortForward API", "err", portMappingErr.Error())
+					}
+				}
+
+				if forwardSucessful {
+					ip, err := gw.ConnectionClient.GetExternalIPAddress()
+					if err == nil {
+						s.UPNPGatewayIPs = append(s.UPNPGatewayIPs, ip)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove duplicate IPs
+	slices.Sort(s.UPNPGatewayIPs)
+	s.UPNPGatewayIPs = slices.Compact(s.UPNPGatewayIPs)
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) updateStatus(i *instance.Instance) error {
+	// let's retry status update every 10ms for 30s
+	retryConfig := wait.Backoff{
+		Steps:    3000,
+		Duration: 10 * time.Millisecond,
+		Factor:   0,
+		Jitter:   0.1,
+	}
+	// will retry for every error encountered, TODO: should a list of errors that will trigger retry be specified?
+	err := retry.OnError(retryConfig, func(error) bool { return true }, func() error {
+		// Retrieve the latest version of Deployment before attempting update
+		// RetryOnConflict uses exponential backoff to avoid exhausting the apiserver
+		currentService, err := p.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(i.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), i.ServiceSnapshot.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		currentServiceCopy := currentService.DeepCopy()
+		if currentServiceCopy.Annotations == nil {
+			currentServiceCopy.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
+		}
+
+		// If we're using ARP then we can only broadcast the VIP from one place, also useful for other software when running BGP, add an annotation to the service
+		if p.config.EnableARP || p.config.EnableBGP {
+			// Add the current host
+			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.VipHost] = p.config.NodeName
+		}
+		if i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr != "" || i.DHCPInterfaceIP != "" {
+			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.HwAddrKey] = i.DHCPInterfaceHwaddr
+			currentServiceCopy.Annotations[kubevip.RequestedIP] = i.DHCPInterfaceIP
+		}
+
+		if currentService.Annotations["development.kube-vip.io/synthetic-api-server-error-on-update"] == "true" {
+			log.Error("(Synthetic error ) updating Spec", "service", i.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("(Synthetic) simulating api server errors")
+		}
+
+		if !cmp.Equal(currentService, currentServiceCopy) {
+			currentService, err = p.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentServiceCopy.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), currentServiceCopy, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("updating Spec", "service", i.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		ports := make([]v1.PortStatus, 0, len(i.ServiceSnapshot.Spec.Ports))
+		for _, port := range i.ServiceSnapshot.Spec.Ports {
+			ports = append(ports, v1.PortStatus{
+				Port:     port.Port,
+				Protocol: port.Protocol,
+			})
+		}
+
+		ingresses := []v1.LoadBalancerIngress{}
+
+		for _, c := range i.VIPConfigs {
+			if !utils.IsIP(c.VIP) {
+				ips, err := utils.LookupHost(c.VIP, p.config.DNSMode)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				for _, ip := range ips {
+					i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
+						IP:    ip,
+						Ports: ports,
+					}
+					ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
+				}
+			} else {
+				i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
+					IP:    c.VIP,
+					Ports: ports,
+				}
+				ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
+			}
+			if isUPNPEnabled(currentService) {
+				for _, ip := range i.UPNPGatewayIPs {
+					i := v1.LoadBalancerIngress{
+						IP:    ip,
+						Ports: ports,
+					}
+					ingresses = append(ingresses, i)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !cmp.Equal(currentService.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress, ingresses) {
+			currentService.Status.LoadBalancer.Ingress = ingresses
+			_, err = p.clientSet.CoreV1().Services(currentService.Namespace).UpdateStatus(context.TODO(), currentService, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+			if err != nil && !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+				log.Error("updating Service", "namespace", i.ServiceSnapshot.Namespace, "name", i.ServiceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func isUPNPEnabled(s *v1.Service) bool {
+	return metav1.HasAnnotation(s.ObjectMeta, kubevip.UpnpEnabled) && s.Annotations[kubevip.UpnpEnabled] == "true"
+}
+
+// Refresh UPNP Port Forwards for all Service Instances registered in the processor
+func (p *Processor) RefreshUPNPForwards() {
+	log.Info("Starting UPNP Port Refresher")
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(300 * time.Second)
+
+		log.Info("[UPNP] Refreshing Instances", "number of instances", len(p.ServiceInstances))
+		for i := range p.ServiceInstances {
+			p.upnpMap(context.TODO(), p.ServiceInstances[i])
+			if err := p.updateStatus(p.ServiceInstances[i]); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("[UPNP] Error updating service", "ip", p.ServiceInstances[i].ServiceSnapshot.Name, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/services/watch_endpoints.go
+++ b/pkg/services/watch_endpoints.go
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/endpoints/providers"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/servicecontext"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+)
+
+func (p *Processor) watchEndpoint(svcCtx *servicecontext.Context, id string, service *v1.Service, provider providers.Provider) error {
+	log.Info("watching", "provider", provider.GetLabel(), "service_name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
+
+	leaderCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(svcCtx.Ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var leaderElectionActive bool
+
+	rw, err := provider.CreateRetryWatcher(leaderCtx, p.rwClientSet, service)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error watching endpoints: %w", provider.GetLabel(), err)
+	}
+
+	exitFunction := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-svcCtx.Ctx.Done():
+			log.Debug("context cancelled", "provider", provider.GetLabel())
+			// Stop the retry watcher
+			rw.Stop()
+			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+			cancel()
+			return
+		case <-p.shutdownChan:
+			log.Debug("shutdown called", "provider", provider.GetLabel())
+			// Stop the retry watcher
+			rw.Stop()
+			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+			cancel()
+			return
+		case <-exitFunction:
+			log.Debug("function ending", "provider", provider.GetLabel())
+			// Stop the retry watcher
+			rw.Stop()
+			// Cancel the context, which will in turn cancel the leadership
+			cancel()
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ch := rw.ResultChan()
+
+	epProcessor := endpoints.NewEndpointProcessor(p.config, provider, p.bgpServer, &p.ServiceInstances)
+
+	var lastKnownGoodEndpoint string
+	for event := range ch {
+		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
+		switch event.Type {
+
+		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
+			restart, err := epProcessor.AddOrModify(svcCtx, event, &lastKnownGoodEndpoint, service, id, &leaderElectionActive, p.StartServicesLeaderElection, &leaderCtx, &cancel)
+			if restart {
+				continue
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error while processing add/modify event: %w", provider.GetLabel(), err)
+			}
+
+		case watch.Deleted:
+			if err := epProcessor.Delete(service, id); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("[%s] error while processing delete event: %w", provider.GetLabel(), err)
+			}
+
+			// Close the goroutine that will end the retry watcher, then exit the endpoint watcher function
+			close(exitFunction)
+			log.Info("stopping watching", "provider", provider.GetLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+
+			return nil
+		case watch.Error:
+			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
+			statusErr, _ := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
+			log.Error("watch error", "provider", provider.GetLabel(), "err", statusErr)
+		}
+	}
+	close(exitFunction)
+	log.Info("stopping watching", "provider", provider.GetLabel(), "service name", service.Name, "namespace", service.Namespace)
+	return nil //nolint:govet
+}
--- a/pkg/services/watch_services.go
+++ b/pkg/services/watch_services.go
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/trafficmirror"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
+	watchtools "k8s.io/client-go/tools/watch"
+)
+
+// This function handles the watching of a services endpoints and updates a load balancers endpoint configurations accordingly
+func (p *Processor) ServicesWatcher(ctx context.Context, serviceFunc func(context.Context, *v1.Service) error) error {
+	// first start port mirroring if enabled
+	if err := p.startTrafficMirroringIfEnabled(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		// clean up traffic mirror related config
+		err := p.stopTrafficMirroringIfEnabled()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("Stopping traffic mirroring", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if p.config.ServiceNamespace == "" {
+		// v1.NamespaceAll is actually "", but we'll stay with the const in case things change upstream
+		p.config.ServiceNamespace = v1.NamespaceAll
+		log.Info("(svcs) starting services watcher for all namespaces")
+	} else {
+		log.Info("(svcs) starting services watcher", "namespace", p.config.ServiceNamespace)
+	}
+
+	// Use a restartable watcher, as this should help in the event of etcd or timeout issues
+	rw, err := watchtools.NewRetryWatcherWithContext(ctx, "1", &cache.ListWatch{
+		WatchFunc: func(_ metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
+			return p.rwClientSet.CoreV1().Services(p.config.ServiceNamespace).Watch(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating services watcher: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+	exitFunction := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-p.shutdownChan:
+			log.Debug("(svcs) shutdown called")
+			// Stop the retry watcher
+			rw.Stop()
+			return
+		case <-exitFunction:
+			log.Debug("(svcs) function ending")
+			// Stop the retry watcher
+			rw.Stop()
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+	ch := rw.ResultChan()
+
+	// Used for tracking an active endpoint / pod
+	for event := range ch {
+		p.CountServiceWatchEvent.With(prometheus.Labels{"type": string(event.Type)}).Add(1)
+
+		// We need to inspect the event and get ResourceVersion out of it
+		switch event.Type {
+		case watch.Added, watch.Modified:
+			restart, err := p.AddOrModify(ctx, event, serviceFunc)
+			if restart {
+				break
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add/modify service error: %w", err)
+			}
+		case watch.Deleted:
+			restart, err := p.Delete(event)
+			if restart {
+				break
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("delete service error: %w", err)
+			}
+		case watch.Bookmark:
+			// Un-used
+		case watch.Error:
+			log.Error("Error attempting to watch Kubernetes services")
+
+			// This round trip allows us to handle unstructured status
+			errObject := apierrors.FromObject(event.Object)
+			statusErr, ok := errObject.(*apierrors.StatusError)
+			if !ok {
+				log.Error(spew.Sprintf("Received an error which is not *metav1.Status but %#+v", event.Object))
+			}
+
+			status := statusErr.ErrStatus
+			log.Error("services", "err", status)
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	close(exitFunction)
+	log.Warn("Stopping watching services for type: LoadBalancer in all namespaces")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func lbClassFilterLegacy(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) bool {
+	if svc == nil {
+		log.Info("(svcs) service is nil, ignoring")
+		return true
+	}
+	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != nil {
+		// if this isn't nil then it has been configured, check if it the kube-vip loadBalancer class
+		if *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != config.LoadBalancerClassName {
+			log.Info("(svcs) specified the wrong loadBalancer class", "service name", svc.Name, "lbClass", *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass)
+			return true
+		}
+	} else if config.LoadBalancerClassOnly {
+		// if kube-vip is configured to only recognize services with kube-vip's lb class, then ignore the services without any lb class
+		log.Info("(svcs) kube-vip configured to only recognize services with kube-vip's lb class but the service didn't specify any loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func lbClassFilter(svc *v1.Service, config *kubevip.Config) bool {
+	if svc == nil {
+		log.Info("(svcs) service is nil, ignoring")
+		return true
+	}
+	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass == nil && config.LoadBalancerClassName != "" {
+		log.Info("(svcs) no loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name, "expected lbClass", config.LoadBalancerClassName)
+		return true
+	}
+	if svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass == nil && config.LoadBalancerClassName == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass != config.LoadBalancerClassName {
+		log.Info("(svcs) specified wrong loadBalancer class, ignoring", "service name", svc.Name, "wrong lbClass", *svc.Spec.LoadBalancerClass, "expected lbClass", config.LoadBalancerClassName)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) serviceInterface() string {
+	svcIf := p.config.Interface
+	if p.config.ServicesInterface != "" {
+		svcIf = p.config.ServicesInterface
+	}
+	return svcIf
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) startTrafficMirroringIfEnabled() error {
+	if p.config.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
+		svcIf := p.serviceInterface()
+		log.Info("mirroring traffic", "src", svcIf, "dest", p.config.MirrorDestInterface)
+		if err := trafficmirror.MirrorTrafficFromNIC(svcIf, p.config.MirrorDestInterface); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Debug("skip starting traffic mirroring since it's not enabled.")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Processor) stopTrafficMirroringIfEnabled() error {
+	if p.config.MirrorDestInterface != "" {
+		svcIf := p.serviceInterface()
+		log.Info("clean up qdisc config", "interface", svcIf)
+		if err := trafficmirror.CleanupQDSICFromNIC(svcIf); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Debug("skip stopping traffic mirroring since it's not enabled.")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/utils/dns.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+const (
+	IPv4Family = "IPv4"
+	IPv6Family = "IPv6"
+	DualFamily = "dual"
+)
+
+// LookupHost resolves dnsName and return an IP or an error
+func LookupHost(dnsName, dnsMode string) ([]string, error) {
+	result, err := net.LookupHost(dnsName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(result) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("empty address for %s", dnsName)
+	}
+	addrs := []string{}
+	switch dnsMode {
+	case strings.ToLower(IPv4Family), strings.ToLower(IPv6Family), DualFamily:
+		a, err := getIPbyFamily(result, dnsMode)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		addrs = append(addrs, a...)
+	default:
+		addrs = append(addrs, result[0])
+	}
+
+	return addrs, nil
+}
+
+func getIPbyFamily(addresses []string, family string) ([]string, error) {
+	var checkers []func(string) bool
+	families := []string{}
+	if family == DualFamily || family == strings.ToLower(IPv4Family) {
+		checkers = append(checkers, IsIPv4)
+		families = append(families, IPv4Family)
+	}
+	if family == DualFamily || family == strings.ToLower(IPv6Family) {
+		checkers = append(checkers, IsIPv6)
+		families = append(families, IPv6Family)
+	}
+
+	addrs := []string{}
+	for i, c := range checkers {
+		addr, err := getIPbyChecker(addresses, c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting %s address: %w", families[i], err)
+		}
+		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+	}
+
+	return addrs, nil
+}
+
+func getIPbyChecker(addresses []string, checker func(string) bool) (string, error) {
+	for _, addr := range addresses {
+		if checker(addr) {
+			return addr, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("address not found")
+}
--- a/pkg/utils/ip.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/ip.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// FormatIPWithSubnetMask takes a raw IP address and a subnet mask, and returns a formatted string in CIDR notation.
+func FormatIPWithSubnetMask(rawIP string, subnetMask string) (string, error) {
+
+	addr := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", rawIP, subnetMask)
+	// Check if the input is valid
+	_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid CIDR: %q, %w", addr, err)
+	}
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
+// IsIP returns if address is an IP or not
+func IsIP(address string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
+	return ip != nil
+}
+
+// IsIPv4 returns true only if address is a valid IPv4 address
+func IsIPv4(address string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ip.To4() != nil
+}
+
+// IsIPv6 returns true only if address is a valid IPv6 address
+func IsIPv6(address string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ip.To4() == nil
+}
+
+func IsIPv4CIDR(cidr string) bool {
+	ip, _, _ := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ip.To4() != nil
+}
+
+func IsIPv6CIDR(cidr string) bool {
+	ip, _, _ := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ip.To4() == nil
+}
--- a/pkg/utils/netlink.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/netlink.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+// GetInterfaceByIP returns the network interface that has the specified IP address assigned.
+func GetInterfaceByIP(ipAddr string) (*netlink.Link, error) {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(ipAddr)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: %s", ipAddr)
+	}
+
+	links, err := netlink.LinkList()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list network interfaces: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for i := range links {
+		addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(links[i], netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list addresses for interface %s: %v", links[i].Attrs().Name, err)
+		}
+
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			if addr.IP.Equal(ip) {
+				return &links[i], nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no interface found with IP address: %s", ipAddr)
+}
+
+// GetNonLinkLocalIP returns the first non link-local IPv4/IPv6 address on the given interface.
+func GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface *netlink.Link, family int) (string, error) {
+	a, err := netlink.AddrList(*iface, family)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to list addresses for interface %s: %v", (*iface).Attrs().Name, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, addr := range a {
+		if addr.IPNet != nil {
+			ip := addr.IPNet.IP
+			if !ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+				return ip.String(), nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to find non-local IP on interface: %s", (*iface).Attrs().Name)
+}
--- a/pkg/utils/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/utils.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package utils

-import "os"
+import (
+	"os"
+)

 func FileExists(filename string) bool {
 	info, err := os.Stat(filename)
--- a/pkg/vip/address.go
+++ b/pkg/vip/address.go
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ package vip

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net"
-	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -17,24 +18,30 @@ import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"

 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/kubevip"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/networkinterface"
 )

 const (
-	defaultValidLft                 = 60
-	iptablesComment                 = "%s kube-vip load balancer IP"
-	iptablesCommentMarkRule         = "kube-vip load balancer IP set mark for masquerade"
-	ignoreServiceSecurityAnnotation = "kube-vip.io/ignore-service-security"
+	defaultValidLft         = 60
+	iptablesComment         = "%s kube-vip load balancer IP"
+	iptablesCommentMarkRule = "kube-vip load balancer IP set mark for masquerade"
+	defaultMaskIPv6         = 128
+	defaultMaskIPv4         = 32
 )

 // Network is an interface that enable managing operations for a given IP
 type Network interface {
-	AddIP(precheck bool) error
+	AddIP(precheck bool, skipDAD bool) (bool, error)
 	AddRoute(precheck bool) error
-	DeleteIP() error
+	DeleteIP() (bool, error)
 	DeleteRoute() error
 	UpdateRoutes() (bool, error)
 	IsSet() (bool, error)
 	IP() string
+	CIDR() string
 	IPisLinkLocal() bool
 	PrepareRoute() *netlink.Route
 	SetIP(ip string) error
@@ -46,6 +53,9 @@ type Network interface {
 	DDNSHostName() string
 	DNSName() string
 	SetMask(mask string) error
+	SetHasEndpoints(value bool)
+	HasEndpoints() bool
+	ARPName() string
 }

 // network - This allows network configuration
@@ -53,9 +63,10 @@ type network struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex

 	address        *netlink.Addr
-	link           netlink.Link
+	link           *networkinterface.Link
 	ports          []v1.ServicePort
 	serviceName    string
+	enableSecurity bool
 	ignoreSecurity bool

 	dnsName string
@@ -69,18 +80,14 @@ type network struct {
 	routingProtocol  int

 	ipvsEnabled bool
-}

-func netlinkParse(addr string) (*netlink.Addr, error) {
-	mask, err := GetFullMask(addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return netlink.ParseAddr(addr + mask)
+	hasEndpoints bool
 }

 // NewConfig will attempt to provide an interface to the kernel network configuration
-func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string, isDDNS bool, tableID int, tableType int, routingProtocol int, dnsMode, forwardMethod, iptablesBackend string, ipvsEnabled bool) ([]Network, error) {
+func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string, isDDNS bool, tableID int, tableType int,
+	routingProtocol int, dnsMode, forwardMethod, iptablesBackend string,
+	ipvsEnabled, enableSecurity bool, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager) ([]Network, error) {
 	networks := []Network{}

 	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(iface)
@@ -88,9 +95,11 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,
 		return networks, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get link for interface '%s'", iface)
 	}

-	if IsIP(address) {
+	networkLink := intfMgr.Get(link)
+
+	if utils.IsIP(address) {
 		result := &network{
-			link:             link,
+			link:             networkLink,
 			routeTable:       tableID,
 			routingTableType: tableType,
 			routingProtocol:  routingProtocol,
@@ -99,19 +108,27 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,
 			ipvsEnabled:      ipvsEnabled,
 		}

-		// Check if the subnet needs overriding
-		if subnet != "" {
-			result.address, err = netlink.ParseAddr(address + subnet)
-			if err != nil {
-				return networks, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not parse address '%s'", address)
-			}
-		} else {
-			result.address, err = netlinkParse(address)
-			if err != nil {
-				return networks, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not parse address '%s'", address)
-			}
+		subnet, err = SelectSubnet(address, subnet)
+		if err != nil {
+			return networks, fmt.Errorf("unable to select subnet for IP %q from %q: %w", address, subnet, err)
 		}

+		// Check if the subnet needs overriding
+		cidr, err := utils.FormatIPWithSubnetMask(address, subnet)
+		if err != nil {
+			return networks, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not format address '%s' with subnetMask '%s'", address, subnet)
+		}
+		result.address, err = netlink.ParseAddr(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return networks, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not parse address '%s'", address)
+		}
+
+		// set address as deprecated so it isn't used as source address according to RFC 3484
+		result.address.PreferedLft = 0
+
+		// Also set ValidLft so the netlink library actually sets them
+		result.address.ValidLft = math.MaxInt
+
 		if iface == "lo" && !loGlobalScope {
 			// set host scope on loopback, otherwise global scope will be used by default
 			result.address.Scope = unix.RT_SCOPE_HOST
@@ -120,13 +137,14 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,
 		networks = append(networks, result)
 	} else {
 		// try to resolve the address
-		ips, err := LookupHost(address, dnsMode)
+		log.Debug("looking up host", "address", address, "dnsMode", dnsMode)
+		ips, err := utils.LookupHost(address, dnsMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			// return early for ddns if no IP is allocated for the domain
 			// when leader starts, should do get IP from DHCP for the domain
 			if isDDNS {
 				result := &network{
-					link:             link,
+					link:             networkLink,
 					routeTable:       tableID,
 					routingTableType: tableType,
 					routingProtocol:  routingProtocol,
@@ -134,8 +152,20 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,
 					iptablesBackend:  iptablesBackend,
 					isDDNS:           isDDNS,
 					dnsName:          address,
+					ipvsEnabled:      ipvsEnabled,
+					enableSecurity:   enableSecurity,
+					address: &netlink.Addr{ // create placeholder for the address
+						IPNet: &net.IPNet{}, // that will be added later in the process
+						Peer:  &net.IPNet{},
+					},
 				}

+				// set address as deprecated so it isn't used as source address according to RFC 3484
+				result.address.PreferedLft = 0
+
+				// Also set ValidLft so the netlink library actually sets them
+				result.address.ValidLft = math.MaxInt
+
 				networks = append(networks, result)
 				return networks, nil
 			}
@@ -144,7 +174,7 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,

 		for _, ip := range ips {
 			result := &network{
-				link:             link,
+				link:             networkLink,
 				routeTable:       tableID,
 				routingTableType: tableType,
 				routingProtocol:  routingProtocol,
@@ -152,15 +182,28 @@ func NewConfig(address string, iface string, loGlobalScope bool, subnet string,
 				iptablesBackend:  iptablesBackend,
 				isDDNS:           isDDNS,
 				dnsName:          address,
+				ipvsEnabled:      ipvsEnabled,
+				enableSecurity:   enableSecurity,
 			}

 			// we're able to resolve store this as the initial IP
-			if result.address, err = netlinkParse(ip); err != nil {
+
+			subnets := Split(subnet)
+
+			s := subnet
+			if len(subnets) > 1 {
+				s = selectSubnet(ip, subnets)
+			}
+
+			if result.address, err = netlink.ParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", ip, s)); err != nil {
 				return networks, err
 			}
 			// set ValidLft so that the VIP expires if the DNS entry is updated, otherwise it'll be refreshed by the DNS prober
 			result.address.ValidLft = defaultValidLft

+			// set address as deprecated so it isn't used as source address according to RFC 3484
+			result.address.PreferedLft = 0
+
 			networks = append(networks, result)
 		}

@@ -203,7 +246,7 @@ func (configurator *network) PrepareRoute() *netlink.Route {
 	route := &netlink.Route{
 		Scope:     routeScope,
 		Dst:       configurator.address.IPNet,
-		LinkIndex: configurator.link.Attrs().Index,
+		LinkIndex: configurator.link.Intf.Attrs().Index,
 		Table:     configurator.routeTable,
 		Type:      configurator.routingTableType,
 		Protocol:  netlink.RouteProtocol(configurator.routingProtocol),
@@ -213,6 +256,8 @@ func (configurator *network) PrepareRoute() *netlink.Route {

 // AddRoute - Add an IP address to a route table
 func (configurator *network) AddRoute(precheck bool) error {
+	configurator.link.Lock.Lock()
+	defer configurator.link.Lock.Unlock()
 	route := configurator.PrepareRoute()

 	exists := false
@@ -234,7 +279,7 @@ func (configurator *network) AddRoute(precheck bool) error {
 }

 func (configurator *network) routeExists(route *netlink.Route) (bool, error) {
-	routes, err := netlink.RouteList(configurator.link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
+	routes, err := netlink.RouteList(configurator.link.Intf, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to list routes")
 	}
@@ -284,30 +329,45 @@ func (configurator *network) UpdateRoutes() (bool, error) {
 }

 // AddIP - Add an IP address to the interface
-func (configurator *network) AddIP(precheck bool) error {
+// precheck: if true, check if the IP already exists before adding
+// skipDAD: if true, set IFA_F_NODAD flag for IPv6 addresses to skip Duplicate Address Detection
+func (configurator *network) AddIP(precheck bool, skipDAD bool) (bool, error) {
+	configurator.link.Lock.Lock()
+	defer configurator.link.Lock.Unlock()
 	exists := false
 	var err error
 	if precheck {
-		if exists, err = configurator.addressExists(); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not check if address exists")
+		if exists, err = configurator.IsSet(); err != nil {
+			return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not check if address exists")
 		}
 	}

-	if !exists {
-		if err := netlink.AddrReplace(configurator.link, configurator.address); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not add ip")
-		}
-
-		if err := configurator.configureIPTables(); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure IPTables")
-		}
+	if exists {
+		return false, nil
 	}

-	return nil
+	// For IPv6 addresses, optionally set NODAD flag to skip Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
+	// This prevents DADFAILED loops when recovering from a previous DADFAILED state
+	// The flag tells the kernel to skip DAD, which is safe when we're re-adding
+	// an address that we know should be ours (e.g., after DADFAILED recovery)
+	if skipDAD && utils.IsIPv6(configurator.address.IP.String()) {
+		configurator.address.Flags |= unix.IFA_F_NODAD
+		log.Debug("Setting IFA_F_NODAD flag for IPv6 address to skip DAD", "ip", configurator.address.IP.String())
+	}
+
+	if err := netlink.AddrReplace(configurator.link.Intf, configurator.address); err != nil {
+		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not add ip")
+	}
+
+	if err := configurator.configureIPTables(); err != nil {
+		return true, errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure IPTables")
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
 }

 func (configurator *network) configureIPTables() error {
-	if os.Getenv("enable_service_security") == "true" && !configurator.ignoreSecurity {
+	if configurator.enableSecurity && !configurator.ignoreSecurity {
 		if err := configurator.addIptablesRulesToLimitTrafficPorts(); err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not add iptables rules to limit traffic ports")
 		}
@@ -323,21 +383,6 @@ func (configurator *network) configureIPTables() error {
 	return nil
 }

-func (configurator *network) addressExists() (bool, error) {
-	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(configurator.link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not list addresses")
-	}
-
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		if addr.Equal(*configurator.address) {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 func (configurator *network) addIptablesRulesToLimitTrafficPorts() error {
 	ipt, err := iptables.New()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -467,34 +512,37 @@ func (configurator *network) removeIptablesRuleToLimitTrafficPorts() error {
 }

 // DeleteIP - Remove an IP address from the interface
-func (configurator *network) DeleteIP() error {
+func (configurator *network) DeleteIP() (bool, error) {
+	configurator.link.Lock.Lock()
+	defer configurator.link.Lock.Unlock()
+
 	result, err := configurator.IsSet()
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "ip check in DeleteIP failed")
+		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "ip check in DeleteIP failed")
 	}

 	// Nothing to delete
 	if !result {
-		return nil
+		return false, nil
 	}

-	if err = netlink.AddrDel(configurator.link, configurator.address); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not delete ip")
+	if err = netlink.AddrDel(configurator.link.Intf, configurator.address); err != nil {
+		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not delete ip")
 	}

-	if os.Getenv("enable_service_security") == "true" && !configurator.ignoreSecurity {
+	if configurator.enableSecurity && !configurator.ignoreSecurity {
 		if err := configurator.removeIptablesRuleToLimitTrafficPorts(); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not remove iptables rules to limit traffic ports")
+			return true, errors.Wrap(err, "could not remove iptables rules to limit traffic ports")
 		}
 	}

 	if configurator.ipvsEnabled && configurator.forwardMethod == "masquerade" && configurator.address.IP.To4() != nil {
 		if err := configurator.removeIptablesRulesForMasquerade(); err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not remove iptables masquerade rules ")
+			return true, errors.Wrap(err, "could not remove iptables masquerade rules ")
 		}
 	}

-	return nil
+	return true, nil
 }

 func (configurator *network) addIptablesRulesForMasquerade() error {
@@ -561,12 +609,15 @@ func delMasqueradeRuleForVIP(ipt *iptables.IPTables, vip, comment string) error

 // IsDADFAIL - Returns true if the address is IPv6 and has DADFAILED flag
 func (configurator *network) IsDADFAIL() bool {
-	if configurator.address == nil || !IsIPv6(configurator.address.IP.String()) {
+	configurator.link.Lock.Lock()
+	defer configurator.link.Lock.Unlock()
+
+	if configurator.address == nil || !utils.IsIPv6(configurator.address.IP.String()) {
 		return false
 	}

 	// Get all the address
-	addresses, err := netlink.AddrList(configurator.link, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
+	addresses, err := netlink.AddrList(configurator.link.Intf, netlink.FAMILY_V6)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -585,7 +636,7 @@ func addressHasDADFAILEDFlag(address netlink.Addr) bool {
 	return address.Flags&unix.IFA_F_DADFAILED != 0
 }

-// IsSet - Check to see if VIP is set
+// isSet - Check to see if VIP is set
 func (configurator *network) IsSet() (result bool, err error) {
 	var addresses []netlink.Addr

@@ -593,11 +644,15 @@ func (configurator *network) IsSet() (result bool, err error) {
 		return false, nil
 	}

-	addresses, err = netlink.AddrList(configurator.link, 0)
+	if configurator.address.Mask == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	addresses, err = netlink.AddrList(configurator.link.Intf, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = errors.Wrap(err, "could not list addresses")

-		return
+		return false, err
 	}

 	for _, address := range addresses {
@@ -614,13 +669,30 @@ func (configurator *network) SetIP(ip string) error {
 	configurator.mu.Lock()
 	defer configurator.mu.Unlock()

-	addr, err := netlinkParse(ip)
+	configurator.link.Lock.Lock()
+	defer configurator.link.Lock.Unlock()
+
+	if strings.Contains("/", ip) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ip should not contain CIDR notation got: %s", ip)
+	}
+	ones, _ := configurator.address.Mask.Size()
+	cidr, err := utils.FormatIPWithSubnetMask(ip, strconv.Itoa(ones))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not format address '%s' with subnetMask '%s'", ip, strconv.Itoa(ones))
+	}
+	addr, err := netlink.ParseAddr(cidr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if configurator.address != nil && configurator.IsDNS() {
 		addr.ValidLft = defaultValidLft
+	} else {
+		addr.ValidLft = math.MaxInt
 	}
+
+	// set address as deprecated so it isn't used as source address according to RFC 3484
+	addr.PreferedLft = 0
+
 	configurator.address = addr
 	return nil
 }
@@ -633,7 +705,7 @@ func (configurator *network) SetServicePorts(service *v1.Service) {

 	configurator.ports = service.Spec.Ports
 	configurator.serviceName = service.Namespace + "/" + service.Name
-	configurator.ignoreSecurity = service.Annotations[ignoreServiceSecurityAnnotation] == "true"
+	configurator.ignoreSecurity = service.Annotations[kubevip.ServiceSecurityIgnore] == "true"
 }

 // IP - return the IP Address
@@ -641,9 +713,24 @@ func (configurator *network) IP() string {
 	configurator.mu.Lock()
 	defer configurator.mu.Unlock()

+	if configurator.address == nil || configurator.address.IP == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
 	return configurator.address.IP.String()
 }

+func (configurator *network) CIDR() string {
+	configurator.mu.Lock()
+	defer configurator.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if configurator.address == nil || configurator.address.IPNet == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return configurator.address.IPNet.String()
+}
+
 // IP - return the IP Address
 func (configurator *network) IPisLinkLocal() bool {
 	configurator.mu.Lock()
@@ -677,19 +764,23 @@ func (configurator *network) DDNSHostName() string {

 // Interface - return the Interface name
 func (configurator *network) Interface() string {
-	return configurator.link.Attrs().Name
+	return configurator.link.Intf.Attrs().Name
 }

-func GarbageCollect(adapter, address string) (found bool, err error) {
-
+func GarbageCollect(adapter, address string, intfMgr *networkinterface.Manager) (found bool, err error) {
 	// Get adapter
 	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(adapter)
 	if err != nil {
 		return true, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get link for interface '%s'", adapter)
 	}

+	l := intfMgr.Get(link)
+
+	l.Lock.Lock()
+	defer l.Lock.Unlock()
+
 	// Get addresses on adapter
-	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
+	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(l.Intf, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -701,7 +792,7 @@ func GarbageCollect(adapter, address string) (found bool, err error) {
 			found = true
 			// linting issue
 			existing := existing
-			if err = netlink.AddrDel(link, &existing); err != nil {
+			if err = netlink.AddrDel(l.Intf, &existing); err != nil {
 				return true, errors.Wrap(err, "could not delete ip")
 			}
 		}
@@ -710,21 +801,34 @@ func GarbageCollect(adapter, address string) (found bool, err error) {
 }

 func (configurator *network) SetMask(mask string) error {
-	m, err := strconv.Atoi(mask)
+	selectedMask := mask
+	var err error
+
+	if configurator.IP() != "" {
+		selectedMask, err = SelectSubnet(configurator.IP(), mask)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to select mask %q: %w", mask, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	m, err := strconv.Atoi(selectedMask)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	size := 32
-	family := "IPv4"
+	size := defaultMaskIPv4
+	family := utils.IPv4Family

-	if IsIPv6(configurator.IP()) {
-		size = 128
-		family = "IPv6"
-	}
+	if configurator.IP() != "" {
+		if utils.IsIPv6(configurator.IP()) {
+			size = defaultMaskIPv6
+			family = utils.IPv6Family
+		}
+
+		if m > size {
+			return fmt.Errorf("provided CIDR mask '%d' is greater than the highest mask value for the %s family (%d)", m, family, size)
+		}

-	if m > size {
-		return fmt.Errorf("provided CIDR mask '%d' is greater than the highest mask value for the %s family (%d)", m, family, size)
 	}

 	toSet := net.CIDRMask(m, size)
@@ -738,3 +842,50 @@ func (configurator *network) SetMask(mask string) error {
 	configurator.address.Mask = toSet
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (configurator *network) SetHasEndpoints(value bool) {
+	log.Debug("setting HasEndpoints", "ip", configurator.IP(), "value", value)
+	configurator.hasEndpoints = value
+}
+
+func (configurator *network) HasEndpoints() bool {
+	log.Debug("getting HasEndpoints", "ip", configurator.IP(), "value", configurator.hasEndpoints)
+	return configurator.hasEndpoints
+}
+
+func (configurator *network) ARPName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", configurator.CIDR(), configurator.Interface())
+}
+
+// SelectSubnet formats an IP address with the appropriate CIDR based on the input.
+// The input SubnetMasks can be "32,128" (dual-stack), "32", "128" (SingleStack).
+func SelectSubnet(rawIP string, subnetMasks string) (string, error) {
+	// Split the SubnetMasks input into DualStack or SingleStack
+	// If the input is "32,128", it will be split into ["32", "128"]
+	subnetMasksParts := strings.Split(subnetMasks, ",")
+	if len(subnetMasksParts) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no subnetMasks provided got: %q", subnetMasks)
+	} else if len(subnetMasksParts) > 2 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid subnetMasks provided got: %q", subnetMasks)
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(subnetMasksParts, "auto") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("auto subnet discovery only works for services: %q", subnetMasks)
+	}
+
+	// Parse the raw IP address
+	ip := net.ParseIP(rawIP)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: %s", rawIP)
+	}
+	if ip.To4() != nil {
+		return subnetMasksParts[0], nil
+	}
+	if ip.To16() != nil {
+		subnetMask := subnetMasksParts[0]
+		if len(subnetMasksParts) == 2 {
+			subnetMask = subnetMasksParts[1]
+		}
+		return subnetMask, nil
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to select subnet mask for: IP %q and masks %q", rawIP, subnetMasks)
+}
--- a/pkg/vip/arp.go
+++ b/pkg/vip/arp.go
@@ -135,9 +135,7 @@ func sendARP(iface *net.Interface, m *arpMessage) error {
 		Halen:    m.hardwareAddressLength,
 	}
 	target := ethernetBroadcast
-	for i := 0; i < len(target); i++ { //nolint
-		ll.Addr[i] = target[i]
-	}
+	copy(ll.Addr[:], target)

 	b, err := m.bytes()
 	if err != nil {
--- a/pkg/vip/dns.go
+++ b/pkg/vip/dns.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	log "log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 )

 // IPUpdater is the interface to plug dns updaters
@@ -33,23 +35,24 @@ func (d *ipUpdater) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 				return
 			default:
 				mode := "ipv4"
-				if IsIPv6(d.vip.IP()) {
+				if utils.IsIPv6(d.vip.IP()) {
 					mode = "ipv6"
 				}

-				ip, err := LookupHost(d.vip.DNSName(), mode)
+				ip, err := utils.LookupHost(d.vip.DNSName(), mode)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Warn("cannot lookup", "name", d.vip.DNSName(), "err", err)
 					// fallback to renewing the existing IP
 					ip = []string{d.vip.IP()}
 				}

-				log.Info("setting IP", "address", ip)
+				log.Debug("setting IP", "address", ip)
 				if err := d.vip.SetIP(ip[0]); err != nil {
 					log.Error("setting IP", "address", ip, "err", err)
 				}

-				if err := d.vip.AddIP(false); err != nil {
+				// Normal VIP addition for DNS, use skipDAD=false for normal DAD process
+				if _, err := d.vip.AddIP(false, false); err != nil {
 					log.Error("error adding virtual IP", "err", err)
 				}

--- a/pkg/vip/egress.go
+++ b/pkg/vip/egress.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	log "log/slog"

 	iptables "github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/iptables"
+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"

 	ct "github.com/florianl/go-conntrack"
 )
@@ -36,9 +37,9 @@ type Egress struct {
 }

 func CreateIptablesClient(nftables bool, namespace string, protocol iptables.Protocol) (*Egress, error) {
-	proto := "IPv4"
+	proto := utils.IPv4Family
 	if protocol == iptables.ProtocolIPv6 {
-		proto = "IPv6"
+		proto = utils.IPv6Family
 	}
 	log.Info("[egress] Creating an iptables client", "nftables", nftables, "protocol", proto)
 	e := new(Egress)
--- a/pkg/vip/util.go
+++ b/pkg/vip/util.go
@@ -5,78 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"

 	log "log/slog"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 )

-// LookupHost resolves dnsName and return an IP or an error
-func LookupHost(dnsName, dnsMode string) ([]string, error) {
-	result, err := net.LookupHost(dnsName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if len(result) == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("empty address for %s", dnsName)
-	}
-	addrs := []string{}
-	switch dnsMode {
-	case "ipv4", "ipv6", "dual":
-		a, err := getIPbyFamily(result, dnsMode)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		addrs = append(addrs, a...)
-	default:
-		addrs = append(addrs, result[0])
-	}
-
-	return addrs, nil
-}
-
-func getIPbyFamily(addresses []string, family string) ([]string, error) {
-	var checkers []func(string) bool
-	families := []string{}
-	if family == "dual" || family == "ipv4" {
-		checkers = append(checkers, IsIPv4)
-		families = append(families, "IPv4")
-	}
-	if family == "dual" || family == "ipv6" {
-		checkers = append(checkers, IsIPv6)
-		families = append(families, "IPv6")
-	}
-
-	addrs := []string{}
-	for i, c := range checkers {
-		addr, err := getIPbyChecker(addresses, c)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting %s address: %w", families[i], err)
-		}
-		addrs = append(addrs, addr)
-	}
-
-	return addrs, nil
-}
-
-func getIPbyChecker(addresses []string, checker func(string) bool) (string, error) {
-	for _, addr := range addresses {
-		if checker(addr) {
-			return addr, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("address not found")
-}
-
-// IsIP returns if address is an IP or not
-func IsIP(address string) bool {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
-	return ip != nil
-}
-
 // getHostName return the hostname from the fqdn
 func getHostName(dnsName string) string {
 	if dnsName == "" {
@@ -87,51 +26,6 @@ func getHostName(dnsName string) string {
 	return fields[0]
 }

-// IsIPv4 returns true only if address is a valid IPv4 address
-func IsIPv4(address string) bool {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
-	if ip == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return ip.To4() != nil
-}
-
-// IsIPv6 returns true only if address is a valid IPv6 address
-func IsIPv6(address string) bool {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(address)
-	if ip == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return ip.To4() == nil
-}
-
-func IsIPv4CIDR(cidr string) bool {
-	ip, _, _ := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
-	if ip == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return ip.To4() != nil
-}
-
-func IsIPv6CIDR(cidr string) bool {
-	ip, _, _ := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
-	if ip == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return ip.To4() == nil
-}
-
-// GetFullMask returns /32 for an IPv4 address and /128 for an IPv6 address
-func GetFullMask(address string) (string, error) {
-	if IsIPv4(address) {
-		return "/32", nil
-	}
-	if IsIPv6(address) {
-		return "/128", nil
-	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse %s as either IPv4 or IPv6", address)
-}
-
 // GetDefaultGatewayInterface return default gateway interface link
 func GetDefaultGatewayInterface() (*net.Interface, error) {
 	routes, err := netlink.RouteList(nil, syscall.AF_INET)
@@ -250,3 +144,22 @@ func GetNonLinkLocalIP(iface *netlink.Link, family int) (string, error) {

 	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to find non-local IP on interface: %s", (*iface).Attrs().Name)
 }
+
+func selectSubnet(address string, subnets []string) string {
+	subnet := ""
+	if utils.IsIPv4(address) {
+		if subnets[0] != "" {
+			subnet = subnets[0]
+		} else {
+			subnet = strconv.Itoa(defaultMaskIPv4)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if len(subnets) > 1 && subnets[1] != "" {
+			subnet = subnets[1]
+		} else {
+			subnet = strconv.Itoa(defaultMaskIPv6)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return subnet
+}
--- a/testing/e2e/bgp/config.toml.tmpl
+++ b/testing/e2e/bgp/config.toml.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[global.config]
+  as = {{ .AS }}
+  router-id = "1.1.1.1"
--- a/testing/e2e/e2e_bgp_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/e2e_bgp_test.go
--- a/testing/e2e/e2e_rt_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/e2e_rt_test.go
--- a/testing/e2e/e2e_sigusr1_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/e2e_sigusr1_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//go:build e2e
+// +build e2e
+
+package e2e_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+	"github.com/onsi/gomega/gbytes"
+	"github.com/onsi/gomega/gexec"
+)
+
+var _ = Describe("SIGUSR1 Signal Handler", func() {
+	var (
+		session *gexec.Session
+		ctx     context.Context
+		cancel  context.CancelFunc
+	)
+
+	BeforeEach(func() {
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	})
+
+	AfterEach(func() {
+		if session != nil {
+			session.Terminate()
+			Eventually(session).Should(gexec.Exit())
+		}
+		cancel()
+	})
+
+	When("kube-vip receives SIGUSR1", func() {
+		It("should dump configuration without terminating", func() {
+			Skip("Skipping until signal handler is implemented")
+
+			kvPath := os.Getenv("KUBE_VIP_PATH")
+			if kvPath == "" {
+				kvPath = "../../kube-vip"
+			}
+
+			cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, kvPath, "manager",
+				"--address", "192.168.1.100",
+				"--interface", "lo",
+				"--port", "6443",
+			)
+
+			var err error
+			session, err = gexec.Start(cmd, GinkgoWriter, GinkgoWriter)
+			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+
+			err = session.Command.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGUSR1)
+			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+
+			Eventually(session.Out, "5s").Should(gbytes.Say("KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP"))
+			Eventually(session.Out).Should(gbytes.Say("VIP: 192.168.1.100"))
+
+			Consistently(session, "2s").ShouldNot(gexec.Exit())
+		})
+
+		It("should handle multiple SIGUSR1 signals", func() {
+			Skip("Skipping until signal handler is implemented")
+
+			kvPath := os.Getenv("KUBE_VIP_PATH")
+			if kvPath == "" {
+				kvPath = "../../kube-vip"
+			}
+
+			cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, kvPath, "manager",
+				"--address", "192.168.1.100",
+				"--interface", "lo",
+			)
+
+			var err error
+			session, err = gexec.Start(cmd, GinkgoWriter, GinkgoWriter)
+			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+
+			for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+				err = session.Command.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGUSR1)
+				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+				time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+			}
+
+			Eventually(session.Out).Should(gbytes.Say("KUBE-VIP CONFIGURATION DUMP"))
+			Consistently(session, "2s").ShouldNot(gexec.Exit())
+		})
+	})
+})
--- a/testing/e2e/e2e_suite_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/e2e_suite_test.go
@@ -4,15 +4,41 @@
 package e2e_test

 import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/testing/e2e"
 	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
 	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+)

-	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/testing/e2e"
+const (
+	ModeEnv = "TEST_MODE"
+	ModeARP = "arp"
+	ModeRT  = "rt"
+	ModeBGP = "bgp"
+)
+
+var (
+	SOffset   *e2e.SecureOffset
+	ConfigMtx *sync.Mutex
+	Mode      string
 )

 func TestE2E(t *testing.T) {
+	mode := os.Getenv(ModeEnv)
+	if mode == "" {
+		Mode = ModeARP
+	} else if mode != ModeARP && mode != ModeRT && mode != ModeBGP {
+		log.Fatal("invalid", "mode", mode)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	} else {
+		Mode = mode
+	}
+	SOffset = e2e.NewOffset(5)
+	ConfigMtx = &sync.Mutex{}
 	RegisterFailHandler(Fail)
 	RunSpecs(t, "E2E Suite")
 }
--- a/testing/e2e/e2e_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/e2e_test.go
--- a/testing/e2e/etcd/cluster.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/etcd/cluster.go
@@ -268,15 +268,6 @@ func (c *Cluster) Delete() {
 	Expect(c.provider.Delete(c.Name, "")).To(Succeed())
 }

-func startKubeletForEtcd(node nodes.Node) {
-	e2e.RunInNode(node,
-		"kubeadm", "init", "phase", "kubeconfig", "admin", "--config", "/kind/kubeadm.conf",
-	)
-	e2e.RunInNode(node,
-		"kubeadm", "init", "phase", "kubelet-start", "--config", "/kind/kubeadm.conf",
-	)
-}
-
 func createCerts(node nodes.Node) {
 	e2e.RunInNode(node,
 		"kubeadm",
--- a/testing/e2e/etcd/election_test.go
+++ b/testing/e2e/etcd/election_test.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/onsi/gomega/format"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"

+	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/testing/e2e"
 	"github.com/kube-vip/kube-vip/testing/e2e/etcd"
 )
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ var _ = Describe("kube-vip with etcd leader election", func() {

 			test.kubeVipImage = os.Getenv("E2E_IMAGE_PATH")

-			test.vip = e2e.GenerateIPv4VIP()
+			test.vip = e2e.GenerateVIP(utils.IPv4Family, 5)
 			test.logger.Printf("Selected VIP %s", test.vip)

 			test.currentDir, err = os.Getwd()
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More